Browsing by Author "Arulrajah, J.A."

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    A Study on Consequences of Poverty : A Case Study in Vavuniya District of Sri Lanka
    (2011) Phillip, P.G.; Arulrajah, J.A.
    In 21st century, poverty still remains as the greatest challenge and threat to the first goal of the Development Goals (MDG) ?Eradicating extreme poverty and hunger?. The result show that the poverty head count index dropped down to 7.6 in 2009 (Department of Census and Statistics). But it is not only one dimension of poverty, there are many dimensions contributing to the people to becoming poor. Vavuniya District of northern Province was selected to analyze the Consequences of poverty. This study depends on primary and secondary data. Descriptive statistic analysis was used to analyze the result using SPSS 11.0. The results represent that the 75% of households among the 100 sample, major livelihood is the labor. 89% families? monthly income is between Rs 5000 to Rs 10000. This reflects the income poverty and deprivation. 71% of families? monthly spending is Rs 5000 to Rs 10000. This represents the less saving habit among the poor. 95% of families are do not own any paddy lands. Regarding to the education 92% of heads of the family has only primary education. 57% families haven?t got the electricity facilities and 100% of the sample facing problem with hospital accessibility. According to the cross checking among these variables, 75% labour families about 93% of them earning is between Rs 5000 ? 10000 and among the total agriculture families more than 93% of them earning the first range of income. 92% of the parents with primary education 83% of them earning is between the income range of Rs 5000 ? Rs 10000. Direct transfer benefits from the Food Stamp Program are progressive and have a greater impact on poverty than uniform allocations from the same budget. Economic growth could reduce poverty considerably. Development strategies should first focus on household level. Second is at the community level. Third is at the level of the state through provision of various welfare measures.
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    Equality and Personality Development of Women-Headed House Hold: The Role of INGOs and NGOs in Women-Headed House Hold in Manmunai South West D.S Division of Batticaloa
    (2011) Arulrajah, J.A.; Phillip, P.G.
    In general, it has been observed that there is an empirical knowledge gap regarding gender equality and personality development of Women Headed Households (WHHs) in most part of Sri Lanka including Batticaloa. In order to overcome this issue INGOs and NGOs are taking many initiatives in Batticaloa. In this view the objectives of this study were develop to assess the role of INGOs and NGOs in improving gender equality and personality development of WHHs in this study area, to identify the types of services provided by the INGOs and NGOs in order to improve gender equality and personality development and to suggest the strategies to further improve gender equality and personality development of WHHs in the future. In order to achieve the objectives of this research, an empirical study was conducted by using 100 WHHs based on stratified random sampling method. This study was cross-sectional in time horizon. The unit of analysis of this study was individual WHH. Mainly by using univariate analysis, results and findings were generated. The results of univariate analysis revealed that the INGOs and NGOs contributed to the overall level of gender equality and personality development. The gender equality variables are gender awareness, maintaining the children with gender equality, equal opportunities in education and employment, equality in work distribution and works and freedom in expressing ideas and opinions. The mean values for gender equality variables were 3.4, 3.2, 3.5, 3.32, and 3.41 respectively. This overall value 3.4 was fallen under the range of moderate level. The personality development variables are awareness, character development, family leadership, leadership in social events and independent life style. The mean value for personality development variables were 3.5, 3.3, 3.6, 3.2 and 3.5 respectively. This overall value was fallen under the range of moderate level. Therefore these results revealed that INGOs and NGOs need to improve their assistant to the WHHs in order to improve gender equality and personality development further in the future.