Browsing by Author "Arunashantha, H.A.S."

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Challenges faced by the curd industry as a rural economic activity; Based on the Divisional Secretariat Division of the Thissamaharama.
(Department of Geography, University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka., 2020) Bhashinee, S.D.A.; Arunashantha, H.A.S.
The rural economy is the unit that pursues allied occupations for an agricultural lifestyle. Sri Lanka’s curd industry is considered as a primary sector industry that uses traditional agro techniques. It is one of the most famous agricultural activities in the rural sector in Sri Lanka. Nowadays, the dairy industry, which is a major agricultural activity of the people in rural areas of Sri Lanka, is facing a major problem. This situation can be seen because of the industrial skills. The research mainly identified challenges that occurred in the curd industry. As the study area, the researcher chose two GND from the Thissamaharama DSD. Fifty milk producers have been selected as the sample population covering Thissamaharama and Weerawila GND. The researcher analysed the quantitative and qualitative data obtained. Based on the data analysed, the curd industry was found to be discouraged and challenged by industry problems such as the use of primary technology, irregular transportation, and manufacturers’ lack of knowledge of the industry and market dynamics, and minimal manufacturing facilities. To solve these issues researcher identified several solutions. Those are, getting advises from national dairy experts to provide the farmers with the necessary industry training and education, the systematic measures to promote the product market and the improvement of the milk processing facilities.
Changes of Physical Environment in the Areas of Pinus vegetation in Sub Mountain Grass Lands: Special Reference to Imbulpe Divisional Secretariat Division in Balangoda
(Faculty of Graduate Studies, University of Kelaniya, 2015) Arunashantha, H.A.S.
The pinus vegetation has been introduced to the sub mountain upper catchment area on 1953 in Sri Lanka. Sub mountain grass land was one of the largest vegetation in upcountry lands. Changes of Physical Environment rapidly increased with the expanding deforestation of pinus cultivation. The main research objective was identifying the impact on major physical changing component in pinus reforestation area. It has become a major challenge for equilibrium in upcountry area. Belihuloya, Niththamaluwa, Landuyaya and kumburutheniwala beat were selected as the study area. Primary data collected by questioner and semi structural interview with selected important sectors. As well as collect data by field observation. Secondary data collected by using books, magazine and web pages. Data analyzed by using descriptive analyzed method and maps. It was identified changes of physical environment spread of pinus vegetation. It has caused for agriculture in this rural area. The major findings are increasing soil erosion, changing of drainage system in this area and it was effected to rural economic and their activities directly and indirectly. It is need to regularly and systematic institutional plan for mitigate physical environment impact from the pinus reforestation in Sub mountain grass land area. Introduce suitable local reforestation trees will be a possible solution for this physical environmental changes related to pinus reforestation area by responsible organization.
Effect of Landslide in Southern Part of the Up Country Area: With Special Reference on Haldumbulla and Imbulpe Divisional Secretariat Divisions
(Research Centre for Social Sciences, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka, 2016) Arunashantha, H.A.S.
Landslides are normally associated with intense monsoon and inter-monsoon rains .Nearly 13,000 km2 )20 %area of the country (in Ten administrative districts Badulla, NuwaraEliya, Matale, Kandy, Kegale, Rathnapura, Kalutara, Galle, Matara and Hambanthota are considered on the landslide prone. Haldumbulla and Imbulpe divisional secretariat divisions have been selected as the study area of the study. It locates at Ratnapura and Badulla districts The main research objective is to identify landslide risk areas of the selected area .The research carried out with the weights and ratings decided on consided spatial analysis and 3D analysis with creating model by ArcMap 10.3 software .Generally Slope Angle, drainage pattern, rainfall, land use, soil type, Bedrock Geology, joint patterns are effected factors for landslide .This research was considering the complex nature of landslide potential decided based on the variations of slope angle, drainage pattern, rainfall, land use factors .Landslide hazard zonation maps are useful in planning human settlements, infrastructure and other development activities and investments in mitigation .It may be very important to investigate Increase of landslides, Property damage and Loss of life etc .Hazard zonation maps of the area to identify the degree of the risk of the area of the site from natural hazards .Finally identified risk areas from this study using above main criteria .Recommended for slopes within 8- %60% construction of houses suit to the slope angle and minimum damage to the slope .Slope should be protected against erosion and degradation -natural vegetation cover -economical and as landscape function .The risk maps could be utilized for human activities, policy makers, identifying economical mitigatory measures and issuing landslide early warning .
The impact of the tourism industry on the coastal environment in Sri Lanka, Special reference to Unawatuna
(Department of Geography, University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka., 2020) Dilhara, J.A.A; Arunashantha, H.A.S.
Sri Lanka is an island called “Pearl of the Indian Ocean”. The country has a coastline of around 1600km approximately. It is a major factor protecting the country’s land area. This geographical location affects the growth of the tourism industry in Sri Lanka. Because of the favorable environment, sunlight, water, climate, sea, as well as the coastline has been popular among foreigners. Other than that, the south coast area becomes the most attractive area in Sri Lanka. But, several unfavorable reasons affected to damage the coastal line and it directly impacts the tourism industry in Sri Lanka. Natural and human actions affect to increase this damage day by day. In this study, the main objective of the study is to examine the impact of the tourism industry on the coastal environment in Unawatuna. The most popular tourist area of the Yaddehimulla and Unawatuna central area selected as a study area. Questionnaires, consensus discussions, and observation were used to collect primary data and administered 30 of local and foreigners, managers of tourist hotels selected using a non-random sampling method. And also secondary data gathered from the department of coast conservation and Habaraduwa Divisional Secretariat Division. Both quantitative and qualitative data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. The result revealed that the tourism industry negatively impacts to Unawatuna coastal area. Coastal pollution by waste, negative impact on coastal flora and fauna, unauthorized construction in the coastal zone, violation of rules and regulation of the department of coast conservation are highly affected by that. The solution is as follows, there are a lot of hotels and other tourist facilities in coastal areas. It can proceed with the concept of “green hotels” to the coastal area. Should be prohibited the boat traveling in hypersensitive coral areas is important. Removal of unauthorized construction in the coastal zone. This study helps to coastal conservation department to manipulate the inherent activities of tourism service centers.
Influences of the transport infrastructure facilities to road accidents in the Colombo area (By using Geographical Information System)
(Department of Geography, University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka., 2020) Nissanka, R.P.A.; Arunashantha, H.A.S.
This paper concerns the most populous issue within Sri Lanka in recent times called vehicle traffic and accidents. However, Colombo as the major commercial city in Sri Lanka became the major victim city with the issue of vehicle traffic accidents. Kuruduwatta and Pettah police divisions are the main urban areas that spread vehicle accidents in the Colombo area. Vehicle traffic, human traffic, and poor infrastructure facilities are the major reasons for accidents. The main objective of this study is the interrelationship between vehicle accidents and the travel infrastructure facilities. And how those infrastructure facilities, directly and indirectly, influence to the accidents. As the specific objective touch upon the improvement and the development of the traveling infrastructure as well as the variations of the traffic jam. The secondary data collection method is applicable for this study and GIS & SPSS use for data analysis. According to the Hotspot Analysis Western part of the Kuruduwatta identify as the highest about the accident and middle parts of the Maradana and Pettah became the highest amount of accidents. With that identify the nature of the vehicle accident. Traffic lights and the liability of the junctions are the major factors for such kinds of accidents further the road system, signal light system and flatform also can be considered as a major reason and all of these reasons are proved during the project field visit in Kuruduwatta police division. Based on this study can identify the interrelationship between heavy traffic and the time duration of the vehicle available on the roads according to the study area, and as the recommendations can identify providing public transportation in a useful manner by using subways and friendly manner for people and try to mitigate the busiest schedule.
An investigative study on the knowledge of growers for the management of caterpillar damage in Coconut cultivation; Based on Kithagama Grama Niladhari Division of Kobeigane Divisional Secretariat.
(Department of Geography, University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka., 2020) Wijendra, W.W.G.I.; Arunashantha, H.A.S.
The origin of Coconut cultivation dates back to the past. With the introduction of the open economic policy in 1977, the expansion of export potential has made coconut a major export crop. At present, the variation in coconut production and the increase in pest damage can be identified. Coconut growers have been educated by coconut-based institutions. But it does not appear to be going well. So what is the knowledge of growers on the management of caterpillar damage in coconut cultivation? is the research problem. The main objective of this research is to identify the knowledge of the coconut growers on the management of caterpillar damage. Kithagama Grama Niladhari Division of Kobeigane division was selected as a study area, the experiment sample is 50 caterpillar -damaged coconut cultivators. This was done based on primary and secondary data. In the primary data collection techniques such as questionnaires, interviews, and fieldwork were used. The statistical method, GIS and MS Excel software were used to analyze the data. As a result, growers had minimal knowledge of the management of caterpillar damage in coconut cultivation. It was found that with the decrease in education, there is a lack of understanding of how to manage the damage. Those who have secondary and higher educational qualifications from growers are willing to manage this damage in any way, biological, chemical or any other. They have a positive attitude to management this damage. It can reduce the caterpillar damage by introducing proper guidance to growers.
Over Utilization of Coastal Resources and its Impact: The Case of Sri Lanka
(Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka, 2015) Arunashantha, H.A.S.
The coastal zone is the interface where the land meets the ocean or sea, encompassing shoreline environments as well as adjacent coastal water. Its components include river deltas, coastal plains, wetlands, beaches and dunes, reefs, mangrove forests, lagoons, and other coastal features. It is a geomorphologic area either side of the seashore in which the interaction between the marine and land parts occurs in the form of complex ecological and resource systems made up of biotic and a biotic components coexisting and interacting with human communities and relevant socio-economic activities. It has no definite boundary, it varies from one coastal nation to another nation as they defined it. In Sri Lanka, Coastal Zone is defined as the area lying within a limit of 300 m landward of the Mean High Water Line (MHWL) and a limit of 2 km seaward of the Mean Low Water Line (MLWL); in the case of estuaries, streams and river outfalls, lagoons, or any other body of water connected to the sea either permanently or periodically, the landward boundary extends up to a limit of 2 km measured perpendicular to the straight base line drawn between the natural entrance points thereof and includes the waters of such rivers, streams and lagoons or any other body of water so connected to the sea. Coastal zone has several definitions. Ketchum has given a definition in (1972) as “The band of dry land and adjacent ocean space in which terrestrial processes and land uses directly affect oceanic processes and uses and vice versa.” However this definition also has some problem since it has not considered the all coastal ecosystems. Coastal zone is commonly referred to as the interface or transition space between two environmental domains, the land and the sea. Coastal area consists only 8% of the world surface area but it provides 25% of the global productivity. In addition to the above 70% of the world’s population is living within the coastal areas. The coastal area in the world also consists of very valuable resources such as fish, mineral corals, mangroves, lagoon and estuaries, gas and mineral (ICRMP). About 90% world’s fish harvest comes from the coastal area. Therefore coastal area is very important to the world economy and the population. However coastal zone or coast is not a well-defined resource. Coast is physically dynamic edges between land and sea and comprised of numerous physiographic forms: dunes, deltas, beaches, wetland etc. it also has a wide range of ecosystems such as coral reefs, mangroves, sand dunes, sea grass beds, estuaries and lagoons. The coastal area serves as habitats for countless flora and fauna. More importantly coastal areas are the locus of an incredibly diverse range of human uses and activities.
The role of the tea estate smallholder’s development societies to improve the productivity of the tea industry in Sri Lanka
(Department of Geography, University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka., 2020) Ariyarathna, D.G.C.D.; Arunashantha, H.A.S.
‘Ceylon tea’ has a proud history for 150 years in the foreign market, it takes the position of third foreign income generator in Sri Lanka. Annually, the amount of tea production in Sri Lanka is 349,308kg. This production is from both large states and small tea estate holders. According to the Ministry of Plantation Industry reports in 2018, 76% of small states contributed to national products. The main objective of this research is to examine the contribution of small tea estate holder’s development societies to improve the productivity of the tea industry in Sri Lanka. The researcher has been selected 6 small tea estate holders in Akurana Divisional Secretarial Division in Kandy. As the sample of this study was selected from 60 small tea estate holders using a random sampling method. The methodology of this study based on primary and secondary data. The primary data were collected through questionnaires and interviews. Secondary data were collected from the reports of the Tea Research Institute and Small Tea State Development Authority, websites and books. Those data were analyzed by using Microsoft Excel. In addition to that Google Earth, Arc GIS software was used to study the physical nature of this area through maps. According to the findings, it was confirmed that major contribution to the tea industry from small tea states and majority of them was engaging with small tea holders. But, among those societies, only one society is engaged to build entrepreneurs. And it was found that cultivating a huge density of tea trees in the small land area was affected by using the correct technology and proper harvesting at the correct time, by using the new and correct cultivating method, and re cultivating the tea estate, using fertilizer in the tea estate. It can be increasing the production of small tea holders the implementation of these suggestions will improve the production of the tea industry in Sri Lanka.
Socio-economic benefits for adjacent local communities from Sinharaja rain forest
(The Research Center for Social Sciences, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Kelaniya, 2015) Joseph, S.N.; Arunashantha, H.A.S.
Spatial Analysis of Monthly and Seasonal Rainfall in Sri Lanka
(International Postgraduate Research Conference 2019, Faculty of Graduate Studies, University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka, 2019) Kaveendri, D.H.D.; Chandrasekara, N.V.; Arunashantha, H.A.S.
Climate change is a critical factor that effect on the variability of environment in many countries globally. Sri Lanka being a country where agricultural sector contributes to the highest proportion of its economy, it is very crucial to identify climatic changes in the growth of the sector. Water plays a major role in agriculture as Sri Lanka face to climatic changes over the time. It is important to manage water resource and changes in precipitation should be identified as a solution for the climatic changes in Sri Lanka. In this study, dense and homogeneous monthly rainfall data over a 10 years period from 2009 to 2018 were considered which is comprised of main 22 rain-gauge stations in Sri Lanka. The main objectives of this study are examining the existence of trends in monthly and seasonal distribution, identifying regional precipitation differences by the spatial interpolation of detected monthly trends and finding the most suitable interpolation technique out of six interpolation methods that were identified from the previous literature. Trend analysis was done by using Mann Kendell test which is non-parametric statistical test and ArcGIS 10.1 software was used for spatial interpolation in geostatistical techniques. Global Polynomial Interpolation, Local Polynomial Interpolation, Inverse Direct Method, Ordinary Kriging, Universal Kriging, Complete Regularized Spline interpolation methods were used to examine the changes in magnitude of unmeasured areas using monthly rainfall data. Root mean squared error (RMSE) value in cross validation is used to compare the identified interpolation techniques. Results exhibits that the positive trends are only shown during the months February, April, May and October which indicate that they are not prominent. Seven out of twelve months show a significant negative trend for 19 stations. For seasonal analysis southwest monsoon shows both positive and negative significant trends while first inter monsoon and Northeast monsoon indicate a negative trend. In conclusion, there were no prominent trends identified in both seasonal and monthly analysis and Kriging method was identified as the optimal algorithm with a minimum RMSE value for monthly spatial interpolation
A study of the contribution of a cottage industry to the rural development in Madurawala Divisional Secretariat Division
(Department of Geography, University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka., 2020) Sepalage, S.C.G.; Arunashantha, H.A.S.
Among the countries in the world and according to their global development ranking Sri Lanka is still listed as a developing country. The rural population of Sri Lanka is 82% (2015) out of the country’s total population. Therefore, rural development is a needful factor in Sri Lanka. By empowering the rural community in social, economic, political and ecological aspects may ensure the development of rural industries. The foundation of rural community development can be laid by giving attention to home-based cottage industries. The cottage industry also is known as the handicraft industry which is known for the extensive use of personal specification and technical skills.it helps economic growth by facilitating rural development, generating employment opportunities, and paves the way for entrepreneurial growth, making efficient utilization of human and other resources too. But unfortunately, after the open economic policy of 1977, the cottage industry showed quite a downfall which resulted in the reduction of interest for the cottage industry among the rural community in Sri Lanka. The purpose of this research is to identify the contribution of the cottage industry towards the rural development of Mahayala and the Walpita Grama Niladari Division of Madurawala Divisional Secretariat Division which selected as a sampling area to obtain primary data the researcher has been selected 30 owners of a cottage industry. Also; questionnaire, interview, and observational method were used to collect primary data and in the process of the secondary data collection the books, magazines which were parallel to the research, the resource profile and selfemployment report of the Madurawala Divisional Secretariat Division and training institution of clay industry and also, SWOT analysis was used as data analysis technique. It was revealed that the cottage industry has contributed to rural development. Also, it has been found that the second generation did not attract these industries and it had a lack of specific market. Those issues can be overcome by establishing formal vocational training centers, making local and foreign market opportunities, engaging the rural community for innovation. As a conclusion, there is a possibility to achieve rural development by carrying out above mentioned suggestions successfully.
භූගෝල විද්‍යාවේ සම්භාව්‍ය යුගය තුළින් භූගෝල විද්‍යා විෂය ක්ෂේත්‍රයට ලැබුණු දායකත්වය
(SIDA/SAREC Research Library, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka, 2016) Arunashantha, H.A.S.