Browsing by Author "Attanayake, A.P."

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Evaluation of lipid parameters and their association with age, glycaemic parameters and anthropometric measurements of newly diagnosed patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, Galle, Sri Lanka
(Faculty of Science, University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka, 2020) Wasana, K.G.P.; Attanayake, A.P.; Weeraratna, T.P.; Jayatilaka, K.A.P.W.
Serum lipid abnormalities in type 2 diabetic patients increase the risk of macrovascular diseases. Present investigation intended to assess the association of serum lipid parameters vs age, fasting plasma glucose (FPG) concentration, glycated haemoglobin (HbA1C), body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC) in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetic patients. 147 newly diagnosed type 2 diabetic patients were recruited to the study from Galle district, Sri Lanka. Age and anthropometric measurements were recorded. Biochemical parameters were estimated on collected fasting venous blood sample. Patients with known renal, liver, cardiac, respiratory, thyroid, psychiatric and any other chronic or acute diseases, and pregnant women were excluded from the study. Individuals who are using antilipidaemic drugs were also excluded. The correlation between lipid parameters vs age, FPG, HbA1C, BMI, and WC was evaluated using linear correlation analysis. Binary logistic regression analysis was implemented to further evaluate the association between significantly correlated parameters and abnormal lipid parameters. A probability value of ≤ 0.05 was considered as statistically significant. The mean age, BMI, WC, FPG and HbA1C of the study subjects were 48.48 ± 7.13 years, 25.16 ± 3.98 kgm2 , 88.81±9.06 cm, 7.47±0.69 mmol/L, 6.41±0.64 % respectively. Mean lipid parameters for HDLC, TG, TC, LDL-C and VLDL-C were 1.20 ± 0.37 mmol/L, 1.47 ± 0.45 mmol/L, 4.73 ± 0.84 mmol/L, 2.86 ± 0.89 mmol/L, 0.67 ± 0.20 mmol/L respectively. Age (r = 0.195 p = 0.02) and FPG (r = 0.157 p = 0.04) showed significant positive correlation with TC while BMI (r =- 0.170 p = 0.04) and WC (r = -0.197 p = 0.02) showed significant negative correlation with HDLC. The concentration of FPG also showed a significant positive correlation (r = 0.197 p = 0.02) with LDL-C. Regression analysis revealed that age (OR = 1.07, CI 1.01-1.13, p = 0.02) and FPG (OR = 1.63, CI 0.95-2.79, p = 0.05) were significantly associated with TC and LDL-C respectively. Significant correlations were observed between lipid parameters and age, BMI, WC and FPG in the study subjects. Increasing age and FPG levels of newly diagnosed type 2 diabetic patients are significantly associated with the lipid profile parameters of TC and LDL-C respectively. Hence, interventions in appropriate glycaemic control by healthy diets and lifestyle changes should be implemented to delay the progression of lipid abnormalities in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetic patients.
In vitro and in vivo antioxidant potential and phytochemical constituents of Barleria prionitis Linn. extracts
(Faculty of Science, University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka, 2020) Amarasiri, A.M.S.S.; Attanayake, A.P.; Arawwawala, L.D.A.M.; Jayatilaka, K.A.P.W.; Mudduwa, L.K.B.
Medicinal plants are natural sources of antioxidants. The use of antioxidants in the management of chronic diseases is an emerging therapeutic approach in the present era. Administration of several antioxidant compounds has demonstrated protective effects against nephrotoxicity induced by the anticancer drug; adriamycin in preclinical studies. Barleria prionitis Linn. (Family; Acanthaceae, common name: Katukarandu), is a medicinal plant with various therapeutic applications in kidney related diseases in Sri Lankan traditional medicine system. It is hypothesized that, nephroprotective effects of the plant is via its antioxidant potential. Herein, we aimed to assess the antioxidant potential of selected extracts of B. prionitis whole plant in adriamycin induced nephrotoxicity in vivo, to determine the total antioxidant activity in vitro and to identify the phytoconstituents in selected extracts. The hexane, ethyl acetate, butanol and aqueous extracts of B. prionitis were prepared by sequential Soxhlet extraction. Plant extracts were administered to adriamycin induced (5 mg/kg, ip) nephrotoxic Wistar rats (n = 6) at the human equivalent therapeutic dose (25 mg/kg, 80 mg/kg, 70 mg/kg, 120 mg/kg respectively), and standard drug fosinopril sodium (0.09 mg/kg) for 28 consecutive days as a daily single dose. The kidney tissues were excised from the sacrificed rats on the 28th day. The total antioxidant level and activity of glutathione reductase (EC 1.6.4.2) and glutathione peroxidase (EC 1.11.1.9) were estimated in the kidney homogenates of all experimental rats. Results were analyzed statistically by one-way ANOVA and Dunnett post hoc test and compared against the adriamycin induced nephrotoxic control group. The in vitro total antioxidant activity was determined by 2, 2’- diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging assay. The qualitative screening of phytoconstituents was carried out for the presence of phenolic compounds, flavonoids, tannins, terpenoids, steroid glycosides, saponins, coumarins, and alkaloids using standard procedures. A significant increase in the total antioxidant concentration (62%, 71%, 59%, 58%) and in the activity of glutathione peroxidase (439%, 298%, 286%, 234%) was perceived following the treatment with hexane, ethyl acetate, butanol and aqueous extracts of B. prionitis respectively (p < 0.05). A significant increase in the concentration of glutathione reductase was noted only with the ethyl acetate (32.58 ± 2.55 U/L), butanol (27.66 ± 1.86 U/L) and with the aqueous (26.72 ± 1.57 U/L) extracts. No significant improvement in the activity of antioxidant enzymes was observed in fosinopril treated rats (p > 0.05). The in vitro total antioxidant capacity was deviated in the descending order of butanol (IC50; 163.1 ± 2.1 μg/mL), aqueous (IC50; 297.0 ± 2.3 μg/mL), ethyl acetate (IC50; 775.6 ± 10.8 μg/mL), and hexane (IC50; 961.7 ± 13.9 μg/mL) extracts of B. prionitis respectively. Phenolic compounds, flavonoids, tannins, steroid glycosides, terpenoids and saponins were present in the selected extracts at varying extents. The results revealed that selected extracts of B. prionitis improved the antioxidant enzyme levels in adriamycin induced nephrotoxicity in Wistar rats. Further, the selected plant extracts showed relatively high antioxidant activity in vitro. The phytoconstituents present in the B. prionitis extracts may attribute to its antioxidant potential.
Investigation of antihyperglycaemic activity of hexane extract of polyherbal mixture in streptozotocin induced diabetic rats
(Faculty of Science, University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka, 2020) Sampath, S.N.T.I.; Jayasinghe, J.M.S.; Attanayake, A.P.; Karunaratne, V.
A homemade Ayurvedic remedy made of cloves of Allium sativum, leaves of Murraya koenigii, seeds of Piper nigrum and dried fruit rinds of Garcinia quaesita is considered as an antidiabetic polyherbal mixture. This polyherbal mixture has been used for the treatment of diabetes mellitus and dyslipidaemia in Sri Lankan traditional medicine. The in-vitro antioxidant and in-vivo acute antihyperglycaemic screening of hexane, ethyl acetate and methanol extracts of the above polyherbal mixture were studied and the hexane extract showed a significant antioxidant and dose dependent antihyperglycaemic activity when compared with the two extracts. Hence, the present study was aimed to further investigate the effect of administration of the hexane extract of polyherbal mixture at the optimum effective therapeutic dose for 30 days on serum glycaemic parameters in streptozotocin induced diabetic rats. Diabetes was induced in male Wistar rats by injecting with streptozotocin at the single dose of 65 mgkg-1 . Group one and two considered as the healthy untreated control, diabetic untreated control rats and received standard animal food and distilled water daily for 30 days (n = 6 /group). Group three and four were diabetic rats and were treated with the hexane extract (25 mgkg-1 ) and glibenclamide (positive control - 0.5 mgkg1 ) daily for 30 days respectively (n = 6 /group). Body weight of treated and control group rats were measured on 1 st, 7th, 14th, 21st and 28th day of the experiment. On the 30th day, all experimental rats were euthanized and blood was collected by cardiac puncture. The antihyperglycaemic activity was evaluated by determining the changes of fasting serum glucose concentration in each group using oral glucose tolerance test on 1 st , 7 th, 14th, 21st and 28th day and analyzed through total oral glucose tolerance curve (TAUC) values. Further, the percentage of glycated haemoglobin (HbA1C) and fasting serum glucose concentration were determined as glycaemic parameters in each group. The body weight was increased in healthy untreated control group and treated groups while the diabetic untreated control group showed a 10% reduction of body weight during the intervention period, indicating the treatment led to control loss of body weight. The oral administration of hexane extract and glibenclamde, lowered the TAUC values by 21% and 35% respectively and these values were statistically significant compared with TAUC value of diabetic untreated group (p < 0.05) on the 28th day of experiment. There was a statistically significant reduction in the HbA1C (27%, 33%) and the fasting serum glucose concentration (23%, 33%) in hexane extract and glibenclamide treated diabetic rats when compared to streptozotocin induced untreated diabetic rats (p < 0.05). The findings of the current study revealed that the hexane extract of the polyherbal mixture is a potential source to develop antidiabetic agent/s and further investigations are warranted to study the cellular antidiabetic mechanisms.