Browsing by Author "Azhar, M."

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    Antibiotic Prescription and Resistant Pattern in Wards of Professorial Unit and Intensive Care Unit of Colombo North Teaching Hospital
    (Faculty of Medicine, University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka, 2021) Azhar, M.
    Introduction: Antibiotic resistance is a global issue and increasingly reported in the health care setting of Sri Lanka. Moreover, there is evidence to support unnecessary usage of antibiotics resulting in development of resistance. Objectives: To evaluate the prescription of five specific antibiotics (ciprofloxacin, cefuroxime, cefotaxime, meropenem, co-amoxiclav) in the professorial medicine, pediatric, surgical ward, intensive care units and orthopaedics ward and to assess the development of resistance to those antibiotics over a 6-month period (January 2019 to June 2019). Methods: This is a descriptive cross-sectional study conducted from 1st of January to 30th of June 2019. Number of prescribed antibiotics for 5 antibiotics (from the inward drug registry) and culture samples recorded as resistance for those antibiotics (from antibiotic sensitivity test registry in Microbiology laboratory) in the above units were taken as the study population. Descriptive statistics was used to analyse the results. Results: According to the results co-amoxiclav (43%) is the highest prescribed antibiotic followed by ciprofloxacin (23%), cefuroxime (13%), cefotaxime (11%) and meropenem (10%). Ciprofloxacin, cefuroxime, and cefotaxime are mostly prescribed by the orthopedic ward while co-amoxiclav and meropenem are mostly prescribed in professorial surgical and medical wards. The highest rate of resistance with prescribed amount is observed with ciprofloxacin and lowest with meropenem. The resistance percentage has a positive linear relationship with the prescribed amount. Coliforms has the highest percentage of resistance in all five antibiotics. Conclusions: Co-amoxiclav is the most commonly prescribed antibiotic in all four units while Ciprofloxacin has the highest overall resistance rate with the prescribed amount. Resistance rate steadily increases with the amount of antibiotic prescribed. Coliforms have the highest percentage of resistance to all five antibiotics.
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    A study on anxiety and depression among military personnel injured in the war
    (Sri Lanka Medical Association, 2001) Ariyaratne, R.; Arulrajah, S.; Ariyananda, D.; Ariyaratne, J.; Athanayake, S.; Azhar, M.; Bandara, A.; Bandara, R.; Williams, S.S.; Kuruppuarachchi, K.A.L.A.
    OBJECTIVES: To determine the proportion of army personnel with symptoms of anxiety and depression following injuries on the battlefield and to identify associated factors. DESIGN, SETTING AND METHODS: We administered a pretested closed and open ended questionnaire and a validated Sinhala translation of the Beck Depression and Beck Anxiety Inventory to 128 injured soldiers at the Military Hospital in Colombo between 9th and 11th of December 1999. We excluded soldiers with head injuries or impaired consciousness and those blind or deaf. RESULTS: In terms of the Beck Depression Inventory 35.15% had scores for severe depression, 15,62% for moderate depression and 28.1% for mild depression. In terms of the Beck Anxiety Inventory 7.81% has scores for severe anxiety, 5.46% for moderate anxiety and 36.7% for mild anxiety. There was a significant association between severity of depression and anxiety (Chi square for linear trend =21.8, p < 0.001). We also found a significant association between severity of depression and thoughts of deserting the army (Chi square for linear trend = 10.674, pO.OOl and severity of depression and problems at work or in the family (Chi square for linear trend = 4.373. p < 0.05). Among those who scored for severe depression there was a suicidal risk in 42.33%. CONCLUSIONS: We found that the majority of injured soldiers had symptoms of depression and nearly half had symptoms of anxiety, There was a significant association between severity of depression and thoughts of deserting the army and problems at work or in the family. The suicidal risk among depressed patients was high.