Browsing by Author "Bandara, A.S."

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Incidentally Detected Radiopacities in X-Rays of the Abdomen and Lumbar-Sacral Spine: A Pictorial Essay
(19th Conference on Postgraduate Research, International Postgraduate Research Conference 2018, Faculty of Graduate Studies,University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka, 2018) Siriwardana, S.R.; Gunawardane, N.H.; Bandara, A.S.; Fernando, D.P.S.
Introduction: Incidental radiopacities (IR) are commonly seen in routine X-rays. Those may be incidental findings or directly related to the underlying pathology. Deposition of calcium can occur in normal anatomical structures as an age-related phenomenon. Similarly, the presence of calcification in certain organs /structures indicate a pathological abnormality in those areas. Eg: pancreatic calcification. Presence of calcific density in an organ/structure itself may be the pathology in a certain situation Eg; Ureteric calculi. Objective: To describe the important X-ray imaging appearances of additional radiopaque densities in a pictorial essay. Methodology: Total of 556 routine X-rays of the abdomen and lumbar-sacral spine were reviewed and IR were identified in 56 X-rays. IR were confirmed by computed tomography (CT) in 12 and by ultrasonically in 34 cases and radiological features were described. Results: Renal, ureteric and bladder calcifications: Calcifications were seen within the calyceal system, renal pelvis, ureteric pathways and bladder. Those single or multiple and appearances are well defined or branching type calculi. Lower ureteric calculi should be differentiated from phleboliths. Gallbladder and pancreatic calcifications: Gall bladder calcification appeared in right hypochondrium as single or multiple calcific densities with various shapes. Porcelain gallbladder appeared as eggshell calcification around gallbladder wall. Calcification in the epigastric region was associated with calcification in chronic pancreatitis Vascular calcifications: Very common in old age. Aortic and iliac calcifications were common and few were associated with the peripheral vascular disease. Pelvic calcification: Calcified fibroids and dermoid cysts were common and identified as ill-defined calcific masses in the pelvis Iatrogenic structures: Foreign bodies, intrauterine contraceptive devices, ureteric/biliary stents, vascular filters, and calcification within bowel loops had characteristic shapes to identify them. Conclusion: Incidental radiopacities are often visible on plain film radiographs. Knowing the characteristic nature and the site of these calcifications would support the physician to determine the treatment for the condition or to request further investigations.
A study on the Buddhist view on ‘Authorization’
(Faculty of Humanities, University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka, 2016) Upeksha Dhammadheera Thero, Opanayake; Bandara, A.S.
‘Authorization’ means ‘giving permission to do something’. Every organization, constitution, and the institution is maintained by a certain power. Not only these entities but also even a country, a state and the whole world is governed by someone who has power. By authorizing the power, working becomes very easy, speedy and a right. However, in this modern society, ‘authorization’ has become a problem. As a result, some organizations and institutions are shut down, countries fail in development and workers get unsatisfied. Therefore, unbiased and appropriate authorization is the most important point of success. There are three main parts of power or authority as the legislature, executive, and judiciary. The Buddha, the greatest teacher, leader, and ruler, in the world, has also authorized the power in suitable stages. In this concern, although the Buddha ordained the disciples, in the beginning, he delegated that power to others later. However, the Buddha didn’t give any chance for his disciples to interfere with the legislature, and he didn’t let them go off the mainstream. He also gave permission to change vinaya rules depending on the difficulties of the disciples. These procedures conducted to the durability of Buddhism. Although authorization and power are much-discussed topics in this global community, it is rare to hear the Buddhist view on it and how useful it is in practicing authorization. This research article proposes the relevance of Buddhist teachings and various occasions of Buddha’s life in this valuable matter of ‘authorization’ by prosecuting canonical and other literary sources.