Browsing by Author "Jayasundara, J.M.C.N."

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Effect of raw garlic extract on common external parasites, Ichthyophthirius multifiliis, Gyrodactylus spp. and Dactylogyrus spp. on goldfish, Carassius auratus
(Sri Lanka Association for Fisheries and Aquatic Resources, 2012) Jayasundara, J.M.C.N.; Hettiarachchi, M.
Ichthyophthirius multifiliis (a ciliate), Gyrodactylus spp. and Dactylogyrus spp. are common, external, harmful parasites of goldfish, Carassius auratus. Bath treatments with different chemicals that could be harmful to the environment as well as to the fish are used by Sri Lankan farmers to control these parasites. The present study was planned to investigate the efficacy of row garlic (Allium sativum) extract in controlling I. multifiliis, Gyrodactylus spp. and Dactylogyrus spp. on goldfish. In vitro test was carried out with different concentrations of row garlic extract to find out the effective minimum concentration required to kill I. multifiliis; toxicity of the extract on healthy goldfish was tested at a range of concentrations closer to this effective minimum concentration. In vivo test was performed at different concentrations of garlic extract and random samples of fish were observed for the presence of parasites two times a day. Anti-parasitic efficacy of the plant extract on I. multifiliis and both flukes were calculated. The effective minimum concentration of row garlic extract to kill I. multi(iliis in vitro experiment was 2S0 mgr' at exposure time of 3.5 hours. In vivo experiment revealed that garlic extract at concentration of 260 mgr' and 270 mgr' could kill/ remove aliI. multifiliis and both monogenean flukes respectively from the body and gills of goldfish in 3 days of exposure at 24°C-27°C; antiparasitic efficacy (1.S7l:t0.00) recorded for garlic extract at the respective concentrations on I. multifiliis and monogenean flukes were not significantly different (P>O.OS) from the antiparasitic efficacy recorded for formalin at 200 mgr' at 4 hours of exposure time, which was the positive control. Histopathology revealed that the effect of formalin treatment on gill tissues of treated fish was greater compared to the effect of treatment with garlic extract.
Isolation and characterization of endophytic diazotrophic Bacillus bacteria from rice and its potential as a biofertilizer
(Institute of Biology, Sri Lanka, 2013) Gunawardana, L.A.H.N.; Jayasundara, J.M.C.N.; Welikala, N.
Turmeric extract as a parasiticide for Ichthyophthirius multifiliis, Gyrodactylus spp. and Dactylogyrus spp. on goldfish, Carassius auratus
(Sri Lanka Association for Fisheries and Aquatic Resources, 2012) Jayasundara, J.M.C.N.; Hettiarachchi, M.
Protozoan ciliate, Ichthyophthirius multifiliis and monogenean flukes, Gyrodactylus spp. and Dactylogyrus spp. are common external parasites of goldfish, Carassius auratus. At high densities of fish, those infestations lead to death and therefore various chemicals with different efficacies are used by farmers as bath treatments. The present study investigated the efficacy of row turmeric (Curcuma longa) extract in controlling I. multifiliis, Gyrodactylus spp. and Dactylogyrus spp. on goldfish. Effective minimum concentration that required to kill I. multifiliis in vitro was found out by exposing the parasite to different concentrations of row turmeric extract; toxicity of the turmeric extract on healthy goldfish was tested at a range of concentrations closer to this effective minimum concentration. In vivo effective concentration was found out by exposing infested fish to the same range of concentrations used for the toxicity test; random samples of fish were observed for the presence of parasites two times a day. Anti-parasitic efficacy of the turmeric extract on I. multifiliis and both flukes were calculated. Formalin (200 mgr') at 4 hours of exposure was used as the positive control while untreated, infested fish were maintained as the negative control. In vitro effective minimum concentration of turmeric extract on I. multifiliis was 250 mgr' at 4.5 hours of exposure. Hundred percent removal of I. multifiliis and both flukes from the body surface and gills of goldfish was recorded at 270 mgr' of row turmeric extract in 3 days of exposure at 24°C-27°C; mean anti-parasitic efficacy (1.571:1:0.000) on I. multifiliis and both monogenean flukes at the end of third day of exposure was not significantly different from the mean anti-parasitic efficacy of formalin at 200 mgr' (P>0.05). Severe histological alterations of gill tissue were observed in fish treated with formalin while fewer alterations were seen in fish treated with turmeric extract.