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Browsing by Author "Jayatilaka, K.A.P.W."

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    Evaluation of lipid parameters and their association with age, glycaemic parameters and anthropometric measurements of newly diagnosed patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, Galle, Sri Lanka
    (Faculty of Science, University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka, 2020) Wasana, K.G.P.; Attanayake, A.P.; Weeraratna, T.P.; Jayatilaka, K.A.P.W.
    Serum lipid abnormalities in type 2 diabetic patients increase the risk of macrovascular diseases. Present investigation intended to assess the association of serum lipid parameters vs age, fasting plasma glucose (FPG) concentration, glycated haemoglobin (HbA1C), body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC) in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetic patients. 147 newly diagnosed type 2 diabetic patients were recruited to the study from Galle district, Sri Lanka. Age and anthropometric measurements were recorded. Biochemical parameters were estimated on collected fasting venous blood sample. Patients with known renal, liver, cardiac, respiratory, thyroid, psychiatric and any other chronic or acute diseases, and pregnant women were excluded from the study. Individuals who are using antilipidaemic drugs were also excluded. The correlation between lipid parameters vs age, FPG, HbA1C, BMI, and WC was evaluated using linear correlation analysis. Binary logistic regression analysis was implemented to further evaluate the association between significantly correlated parameters and abnormal lipid parameters. A probability value of ≤ 0.05 was considered as statistically significant. The mean age, BMI, WC, FPG and HbA1C of the study subjects were 48.48 ± 7.13 years, 25.16 ± 3.98 kgm2 , 88.81±9.06 cm, 7.47±0.69 mmol/L, 6.41±0.64 % respectively. Mean lipid parameters for HDLC, TG, TC, LDL-C and VLDL-C were 1.20 ± 0.37 mmol/L, 1.47 ± 0.45 mmol/L, 4.73 ± 0.84 mmol/L, 2.86 ± 0.89 mmol/L, 0.67 ± 0.20 mmol/L respectively. Age (r = 0.195 p = 0.02) and FPG (r = 0.157 p = 0.04) showed significant positive correlation with TC while BMI (r =- 0.170 p = 0.04) and WC (r = -0.197 p = 0.02) showed significant negative correlation with HDLC. The concentration of FPG also showed a significant positive correlation (r = 0.197 p = 0.02) with LDL-C. Regression analysis revealed that age (OR = 1.07, CI 1.01-1.13, p = 0.02) and FPG (OR = 1.63, CI 0.95-2.79, p = 0.05) were significantly associated with TC and LDL-C respectively. Significant correlations were observed between lipid parameters and age, BMI, WC and FPG in the study subjects. Increasing age and FPG levels of newly diagnosed type 2 diabetic patients are significantly associated with the lipid profile parameters of TC and LDL-C respectively. Hence, interventions in appropriate glycaemic control by healthy diets and lifestyle changes should be implemented to delay the progression of lipid abnormalities in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetic patients.
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    In vitro and in vivo antioxidant potential and phytochemical constituents of Barleria prionitis Linn. extracts
    (Faculty of Science, University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka, 2020) Amarasiri, A.M.S.S.; Attanayake, A.P.; Arawwawala, L.D.A.M.; Jayatilaka, K.A.P.W.; Mudduwa, L.K.B.
    Medicinal plants are natural sources of antioxidants. The use of antioxidants in the management of chronic diseases is an emerging therapeutic approach in the present era. Administration of several antioxidant compounds has demonstrated protective effects against nephrotoxicity induced by the anticancer drug; adriamycin in preclinical studies. Barleria prionitis Linn. (Family; Acanthaceae, common name: Katukarandu), is a medicinal plant with various therapeutic applications in kidney related diseases in Sri Lankan traditional medicine system. It is hypothesized that, nephroprotective effects of the plant is via its antioxidant potential. Herein, we aimed to assess the antioxidant potential of selected extracts of B. prionitis whole plant in adriamycin induced nephrotoxicity in vivo, to determine the total antioxidant activity in vitro and to identify the phytoconstituents in selected extracts. The hexane, ethyl acetate, butanol and aqueous extracts of B. prionitis were prepared by sequential Soxhlet extraction. Plant extracts were administered to adriamycin induced (5 mg/kg, ip) nephrotoxic Wistar rats (n = 6) at the human equivalent therapeutic dose (25 mg/kg, 80 mg/kg, 70 mg/kg, 120 mg/kg respectively), and standard drug fosinopril sodium (0.09 mg/kg) for 28 consecutive days as a daily single dose. The kidney tissues were excised from the sacrificed rats on the 28th day. The total antioxidant level and activity of glutathione reductase (EC 1.6.4.2) and glutathione peroxidase (EC 1.11.1.9) were estimated in the kidney homogenates of all experimental rats. Results were analyzed statistically by one-way ANOVA and Dunnett post hoc test and compared against the adriamycin induced nephrotoxic control group. The in vitro total antioxidant activity was determined by 2, 2’- diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging assay. The qualitative screening of phytoconstituents was carried out for the presence of phenolic compounds, flavonoids, tannins, terpenoids, steroid glycosides, saponins, coumarins, and alkaloids using standard procedures. A significant increase in the total antioxidant concentration (62%, 71%, 59%, 58%) and in the activity of glutathione peroxidase (439%, 298%, 286%, 234%) was perceived following the treatment with hexane, ethyl acetate, butanol and aqueous extracts of B. prionitis respectively (p < 0.05). A significant increase in the concentration of glutathione reductase was noted only with the ethyl acetate (32.58 ± 2.55 U/L), butanol (27.66 ± 1.86 U/L) and with the aqueous (26.72 ± 1.57 U/L) extracts. No significant improvement in the activity of antioxidant enzymes was observed in fosinopril treated rats (p > 0.05). The in vitro total antioxidant capacity was deviated in the descending order of butanol (IC50; 163.1 ± 2.1 μg/mL), aqueous (IC50; 297.0 ± 2.3 μg/mL), ethyl acetate (IC50; 775.6 ± 10.8 μg/mL), and hexane (IC50; 961.7 ± 13.9 μg/mL) extracts of B. prionitis respectively. Phenolic compounds, flavonoids, tannins, steroid glycosides, terpenoids and saponins were present in the selected extracts at varying extents. The results revealed that selected extracts of B. prionitis improved the antioxidant enzyme levels in adriamycin induced nephrotoxicity in Wistar rats. Further, the selected plant extracts showed relatively high antioxidant activity in vitro. The phytoconstituents present in the B. prionitis extracts may attribute to its antioxidant potential.
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    Therapeutic potential of Cinnamomum zeylanicum Blum aqueous bark extract on doxorubicin induced cardiotoxicity in Wistar rats
    (Faculty of Science, University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka, 2020) Sandamali, J.A.N.; Hewawasam, R.P.; Jayatilaka, K.A.P.W.; Mudduwa, L.K.B.
    The effectiveness of doxorubicin as an anti-cancer agent is hampered by its’ life-threatening cardiotoxicity induced by oxidative-stress. As Cinnamomum zeylanicum Blum has proven antioxidant activity, the objective of this study was to find out the therapeutic potential of aqueous Cinnamomum bark extract against cardiotoxicity induced by doxorubicin in Wistar rats. Sample size of the study group was determined and an equal number of male and female Wistar rats were randomly selected into five groups. Group 1: normal-control (distilled water for 14 days, normal saline (10 mL/kg) on 11th day); group 2: plant control (2.0 g/kg of freeze dried plant extract for 14 days, normal saline (10 mL/kg); group 3: doxorubicin control (distilled water for 14 days, doxorubicin (18 mg/kg) on 11th day); group 4: freeze dried plant extract (2.0 g/kg) for 14 days, doxorubicin (18 mg/kg) on 11th day; group 5: distilled water for 14 days, dexrazoxane (180 mg/kg) 0.5 h before doxorubicin (18 mg/kg). Animals were sacrificed on the 15th day, blood was drawn for biochemical analysis and heart tissues were collected for estimation of antioxidant parameters and histological assessment of tissue damage. A significant (p ˂ 0.05) elevation in cardiac biomarkers including cardiac troponin I, AST, LDH and NT-proBNP activity were observed in doxorubicin-control group compared to the normal-control. Pretreatment with Cinnamomum bark extract in the doxorubicin treated rats showed a significant reduction (p ˂ 0.05) in above cardiac biomarkers compared to the doxorubicin-control. A significant reduction (p ˂ 0.05) in reduced glutathione, glutathione peroxidase and glutathione reductase was observed in the doxorubicin control group (Group 3) compared to the normal-control. Total antioxidant capacity as well as superoxide dismutase and catalase activity were markedly reduced (p < 0.05) in the doxorubicin control group. However, pretreatment with Cinnamomum extract was capable of significantly increasing (p ˂ 0.05) all of the above antioxidant parameters compared to the rat group which was treated with doxorubicin alone. A significant increase (p ˂ 0.05) in malondialdehyde concentration, which measures the lipid peroxidation and myeloperoxidase activity, which measures the extent of inflammation was observed in the doxorubicin-control compared to the normal-control. The plant-treated group showed a significant decrease (p ˂ 0.05) in malondialdehyde concentration and myeloperoxidase activity compared to the doxorubicincontrol. Histological assessment of tissue damage was scored according to a scale developed by the authors and doxorubicin-treated group showed a significant damage to the myocardium showing the highest score among the five groups. Plant-treated group showed only a minor degree of damage and showed a significant reduction in the score compared to the doxorubicin control. In conclusion, C. zeylanicum Blum bark extract has the potential to significantly reduce doxorubicin induced cardiotoxicity in Wistar rats.

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