Browsing by Author "Jayatilleke, S.K."

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Analysis of data of urine culture isolates of 2013 sent from four laboratories of National Laboratory Based Surveillance of Sri Lanka College of Microbiologists
(Sri Lanka College of Microbiologists, 2014) Jayatilleke, S.K.; Karunaratne, G.K.D.; Perera, J.; Perera, R.R.D.P.; Wijesooriya, W.R.P.L.I.; Sunil-Chandra, N.P.
OBJECTVES: To determine the aetioiogical agents of midstream urine cultures with a colony count of > 10 5CFU/ml. To analyse the antimicrobial susceptibility of those isolates. METHOD: The National Laboratory Based Surveillance on Antimicrobial Resistance is a collaborative project of the Ministry of Health and the Sri Lanka College of Microbiologists. At the initial phase decided to analyse midstream urine cultures with a colony count of >105 CFU/ml. The specimens were processed according to the standard protocol specified in the laboratory manual in microbiology. Antibiotic susceptibility tests were performed according to the method established in the centre which is either by CLSI method or by Stake's comparative disk diffusion method. Data of 2013 sent by the participating laboratories were analysed using WHONET software. RESULTS: The data was received from four centres. They were Sri Jayewardenapura General Hospital, Lady Ridgeway those isolates. ATotal of 1175 significant isolates were analysed. The majority were Gram negative enteric organisms, com¬monly known as coiforms, with 922 (78.5%) isolates. The others were Enterococcus species 83 (7%), Candida species 60 (5.1%), Pseudomonas species 38 (3.2%), Acinetobacter species 21 (1.8%), Group B beta-haemolytic Streptococcus 20 (1.7%), coagulase negative Staphylococcus species 10 (0.85%), Streptococcus species 9 (0.8%), Staphylococcus aureus 7 (0.6%), and Staphylococcus saprophyticus 5 (0.4%). The susceptibility of coliforms were 11.6% (92/795) to ampicillin, 71.1% (621/873) to nitrofurantoin, 25.9% (223/ 862) to cephalexin, 46% (392/853) to cefuroxime, 29.4% (255/866) to nalidixic acid, 47.8% (422/883) to cefo-taxime, 92.6% (665/718) to meropenem, 70.3% (601/ 855) to gentamicin, 41.6% (341/819) to amoxicillin-clavulanic acid and 38.4% (318/829) to ciprofloxacin. None of the 13 isolates of Acinetobacter species tested were sensitive to meropenem while only 55% (16/29) of Pseudomonas sp. were sensitive to meropenem. 74% (60/81) of Enterococcus species were sensitive to ampicillin. CONCLUSION: Coliforms constitute the commonest organism causing urinary tract infections (UTI). A high resistance rate was noted in coliforms for broad spectrum antibiotics like cefotaxime and ciprofloxacin. Acinetobacter sp. shows a very high resistance rate even for carbapenems. Ampicillin can be recommended as empirical therapy to treat UTI due to enterococcus species.
Analysis of data of urine culture isolates of 2014 sent from seven laboratories of National Laboratory Based Surveillance of Sri Lanka College of Microbiologists
(Sri Lanka College of Microbiologists, 2015) Jayatilleke, S.K.; Patabendige, G.; Karunaratne, G.K.D.; Perera, J.; Perera, R.R.D.P.; Wijesooriya, W.R.P.L.I.; Sunil-Chandra, N.P.; Kottahachchi, J.; Athukorala, D.; Dissanayake, P.; Dasanayake, M.
OBJECTIVES: To determine the aetiological agents of midstream urine cultures with a colony count of >105 CFU/ml. To analyse the antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of urine culture isolates of 2014. METHOD: The National Laboratory Based surveillance on antimicrobial resistance is a collaborative project of the Ministry of Health and the Sri Lanka College of Microbiologists. In this project midstream urine cultures with a colony count of >105 CFU/ml were analysed. The specimens were processed according to the standard protocol specified in the laboratory manual in microbiology. Antibiotic susceptibility tests were performed according to the method established in the centre which is either by CLSI method or by Stake's comparative disk diffusion method. Data of 2014 sent by the participating laboratories were analysed using WHONET 5.6 software. RESULTS: The data was received from seven centres. They were The National Hospital of Sri Lanka, Sri Jayewardenapura General Hospital, Lady Ridgeway Childrens' Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Colombo, Faculty of Medicine, Ragama, Faculty of Medicine, Sri Jayewardenapura and North Colombo Teaching Hospital, Ragama. A total of 4441 significant isolates were analysed. The majority were Gram negative enteric organisms, commonly known as conforms, with 3975/4979 (79.8%) isolates. The others were Candida species 408, Enterococcus species 254, Pseudomonas species 194, coagulase negative Staphylococcus species 59, Staphylococcus aureus 36, Acinetobacter species 35 and Group B beta-haemolytic Streptococcus 18. The coliforms from adults who were attending outpatient clinics had 55.2% (112/203) susceptibility to cephalexin andcephradine, 54% (161/298) to amoxycillin/clavulanic acid, 65.1% (278/427) to nitrofurantoin, 48.3% (144/298) to norfloxacin, 63.4% (189/298) to cefotaxime, 97.4% (113/116) to imipenem and 100% (90/90) to meropenem. The adult inward patients had 39.5% (519/1313) susceptibility to cefotaxime, 87.9% (445/506) to meropenem, 62.6% (812/1298) togentamicin and 31.9% (405/1281) to ciprofloxacin. The coliforms from paediatric outpatients had 58.5% (69/118) susceptibility to cephalexin and cephradine, 58.5% (76/130) to amoxycillin/clavulanic acid, 80% (16/20) to nitrofurantoin, 85% (17/20) to cefotaxime and 89.7% (26/29) to meropenem. The paediatric inward patients had 64.6% (53/82) susceptibility to cefotaxime, 90.5% (19/ 21) to meropenem and 80.2% (65/81)togentamicin. CONCLUSION: Coliforms, the commonest organism causing urinary tract infections (UTI), had high resistance rate in in-wardpatients but the resistance was less in outpatients, especially in the paediatric age group.
Analysis of urine culture isolates from seven laboratories of Sri Lanka: National Laboratory Based Surveillance of Sri Lanka College of Microbiologists in 2014
(Sri Lankan Society for Microbiology, 2016) Jayatilleke, S.K.; Patabendige, G.; Dassanayake, M.; Karunaratne, G.K.D.; Perera, J.; Perera, R.R.D.P; Wijesooriya, W.R.P.L.I.; Sunil-Chandra, N.P.; Kottahachchi, J.; Athukorala, D.; Dissanayake, T.
INTRODUCTION: National Laboratory Based Surveillance of Antimicrobial Resistance in urinary isolates conducted by the Sri Lanka College of Microbiologists was started in 2011 in collaboration with the Ministry of Health of Sri Lanka. METHODS: Pooled susceptibility data of urine culture isolates with a colony count of ≥105 CFU/ml from samples of non-catheterised patients received in 2014 were analysed using WHONET 5.6 software. RESULTS: The majority of the isolates (3975/4979:79.8%) were Gram negative enteric organisms, commonly known as coliforms. The other bacterial isolates identified were Enterococcus spp. (254), Pseudomonas spp. (194), coagulase negative staphylococci (59), Staphylococcus aureus (36), Acinetobacter spp. (35) and Group B β-haemolytic streptococci (18). The coliforms isolated from adults attending outpatient clinics (n=277) had 55.2% susceptibility to cephalexin and cephradine, 54% to amoxycillin/clavulanic acid, 65.1% to nitrofurantoin, 48.3% to norfloxacin, 63.4 % to cefotaxime, 86.4% to gentamicin, 97.4% to imipenem and 100% to meropenem. The isolates from adult hospitalized patients (n=1297) had 39.5% susceptibility to cefotaxime, 87.9% to meropenem, 62.6% to gentamicin and 31.9% to ciprofloxacin. Coliforms isolated from paediatric outpatients (n=182) had 58.5% susceptibility to cephalexin and cephradine, 58.5% to amoxycillin/clavulanic acid, 80% to nitrofurantoin, 85% to cefotaxime, 86.5% to gentamicin and 89.7% to meropenem. Those from paediatric hospitalized patients (n= 663) had 64.6% susceptibility to cefotaxime, 90.5% to meropenem and 80.2% to gentamicin. CONCLUSION: Coliforms, the commonest category of organisms isolated had high resistance rate in hospitalized patients whereas the resistance was less in outpatients, especially in the paediatric age group.
Sri Lanka’s journey through antimicrobial resistance – gaps and gains
(Sri Lanka Medical Association, 2024) Chandrasiri, N.S.; Vidanagama, D.S.; Gunaratna, G.P.S.; Elwitigala, J.P.; Patabendige, C.G.U.A.; Jayatilleke, S.K.
No abstract available