Browsing by Author "Kannangara, S. D."

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Fungi vs. Fungi in Biocontrol: An Overview of Fungal Antagonists Applied Against Fungal Plant Pathogens
(Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology, 2020) Thambugala, K. M.; Daranagama, D. A.; Phillips, A. J. L.; Kannangara, S. D.; Promputtha, I.
Plant pathogens cause severe losses or damage to crops worldwide and thereby significantly reduce the quality and quantity of agricultural commodities. World tendencies are shifting towards reducing the usage of chemically synthesized pesticides, while various biocontrol methods, strategies and approaches are being used in plant disease management. Fungal antagonists play a significant role in controlling plant pathogens and diseases and they are used as Biocontrol Agents (BCAs) throughout the world. This review provides a comprehensive list of fungal BCAs used against fungal plant pathogens according to modern taxonomic concepts, and clarifies their phylogenetic relationships because thewrong names are frequently used in the literature of biocontrol. Details of approximately 300 fungal antagonists belonging to 13 classes and 113 genera are listed together with the target pathogens and corresponding plant diseases. Trichoderma is identified as the genus with greatest potential comprising 25 biocontrol agents that have been used against a number of plant fungal diseases. In addition to Trichoderma, nine genera are recognized as significant comprising five or more known antagonistic species, namely, Alternaria, Aspergillus, Candida, Fusarium, Penicillium, Pichia, Pythium, Talaromyces, and Verticillium. A phylogenetic analysis based on partial sequences of the 28S nrRNA gene (LSU) of fungal antagonists was performed to establish their phylogenetic relationships.
Selection of the best fitting mathematical models to investigate the growth inhibition of selected plant pathogenic fungi by Trichoderma harzianum
(Faculty of Science, University of Kelaniya Sri Lanka, 2022) Poornima, V. A.; Munasinghe, J.; Kannangara, S. D.
Plant diseases can cause a significant impact on agricultural productivity. One of the main causative factors for plant diseases is pathogens. Plant pathogens can be fungi, bacteria, viruses, or nematodes. Plant diseases can be prevented, mitigated, or controlled by using a variety of methods. Among these methods, bio-controlling is more effective and environmentally friendly. Trichoderema species are the most commonly used fungal biocontrol agents against various plant pathogens. Many researchers observed that the potential of Trichoderma harzianum in controlling various pathogens, but there were no proper mathematical models to understand how this fungus inhibits those pathogens. This research is focused on selecting the most suitable mathematical models to investigate the growth inhibition of pathogenic fungi; Fusarium oxysporum, Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, Lasiodiplodia theobromae, and Xylaria spp. by Trichoderma harzianum. For this purpose, five existing growth models, namely Exponential, Logistic, Brody, Von Bertalanffy, and Gompertz were used to investigate the growth inhibition. The data had been collected using the dual culture method to test the antagonistic properties of Trichoderma against the fungal pathogens. The data set consisted of 50 data points for six consecutive days. First, statistical analysis was performed to identify the distribution and characteristics of the data and detect outliers. Then one-way Analysis if Variance (ANOVA) test was done under the 95% confidence level. The results revealed that all the mean values are statistically significant. Tukey test was then conducted to check which specific group means were different. Then the most suitable growth models were identified for each fungus separately under two conditions: in the absence of T. harzianum and in the presence of T. harzianum. In the absence of T. harzianum, for the fungi; F. oxysporum, C. gloeosporioides, L. theobromae, and Xylaria spp. the best fitted models were given by Exponential, Gompertz, Exponential, and Exponential, respectively. In the presence of T. harzianum for the fungi; F. oxysporum, C. gloeosporioides, L. theobromae, and Xylaria spp. the best fitted models were given by Brody, Exponential, Brody, and Von Bertalanffy respectively. The goodness of fit was tested using the Coefficient of Determination (R2), Root Mean Square Error (RMSE), Sum Squared Error (SSE), and residual plots. Then the comparison of the growth in the absence of T. harzianum and the presence of T. harzianum was made graphically using the above best fitted models. Hence the simulation results indicated significant growth controls of all the pathogenic fungi tested by T. harzianum.