Browsing by Author "Nawarathna Banda, H.M."

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    Climate Change and Paddy Production in Sri Lanka (with reference to Anuradhapura District)
    (Department of Economics, University of Kelaniya, 2016) Nawarathna Banda, H.M.
    Climate Change is defined as statistically significant variation in either mean state of the climate or in its variability, persisting for an extended period (typically decades or longer). Climate change may be due to natural internal processes or external forcing or to persistent anthropogenic changes in the composition of the atmosphere or in land use.The problem of this sudy is there any impact of climate change on paddy production in Sri Lanka. Objectives are to identify the impact of climate change on paddy production in Sri Lanka. It was used both primary and secondary data for this study. The climatic factors are changing very rapidly in Sri Lanka. To adapt farmers with the changes, government and other external agencies are providing several supports, but still there is a gap between farmers’ adaptability with climate change and current level of supports. To analyze the climate change adaptability of the farmers in Sri Lanka, this study uses primary data that have been collected through questionnaire survey on paddy producing farmers in the area of Anuradhapura district, North-Central province. The data have been analyzed by using descriptive statistics, ordered regression, percentile and scale. Farmers significantly believe that buying additional fertilizer from market is not important for their current adaptation capability with climate change. As a consequence, 75.3% of the farmers never used extra fertilizer except the fully subsidized quantity. But, 41.4% farmers agree that government supports are not enough to cope properly with climate change. So, there is a gap between the current level of external supports and farmers’ capability to adapt with climate change. Here, sustainability of agriculture and relevant livelihood are strongly dependent on the external supports. Therefore, farmers’ adaptability to climate change needs to be focused beyond the incentive and subsidy. Farmers need some training and motivational supports for the necessary adoption. The findings of the study are important for the policy makers and relevant agencies.
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    Gem Mining and Environmental Degradation in Sri Lanka (with reference to Rathnapura District)
    (University of Kelaniya, 2007) Nawarathna Banda, H.M.
    Soil erosion, deforestation, and pollution of water and soil often occur as a result of gem mmmg. These impacts are relatively simple, easy to control, and nontoxic. Deforestation results from clearing land to mine; erosion and epidemic results from abandoned mining pits; and pollution is due mainly to washing schist near streams and scattering debris from the schist into soils. Implementation Df policies to control these problems is needed to control the degradation in Sri Lanka due to gem mining. The number of informal (unregistered) mines, pressure from unionized gem miners, lack of capital in the small mines, and a lack of cohesion in gem mining policies are the threat for controlling the environmental degradation due gem mining. Environmental agencies have begun to crack down on enforcing clean-up policies. The creation of a series of common washing sites for gem miners indicates that municipal government agencies are making some investments toward reducing pollution due to gem production. An environmental NGO should involve in environmental education for small miners and others in the gem production chain.
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    The Government Policy Implication on Coastal Poverty in Fishing Communities in Sri Lanka (with reference to Colombo and Gampaha Coastal Belt)
    (University of Kelaniya, 2005) Nawarathna Banda, H.M.
    Poverty is blessed with a rich vocabulary, in all cultures and through history. From an analytical perspective, thinking about poverty can be traced back at least to the codification of poor laws in medieval England, through to the pioneering empirical studies, at the turn of the century, by Booth in London and by Rowntree in York. Rowntree’s study, published in 1901, was the first to develop a poverty standard for individual families, based on estimates of nutritional and other requirements. Sri Lanka has a coastline of 1585 km and a land area of 64,000 km2. There are 20 million people live in Sri Lanka. Poverty has been a major economic problem in Sri Lanka, despite various poverty alleviation programmes implemented since independence in 1948. About 7% of the Sri Lanka’s population is poor according to the lower poverty line (one US$ per day), and about 45% according to the higher poverty line (US$ two per day). Poverty in rural areas is 31.3%, which is more than three times the poverty prevails in the urban areas, is 8.6%. Over 90% of the poor live in rural areas. The objectives of this study are to identify the various sectors of poverty, the sources of poverty, the policy implication on coastal poverty in fishing communities and to find out various policy measures to overcome or to mitigate the coastal poverty in fishing communities in Sri Lanka. This study is based on both primary and secondary data. Primary data was collected from five hundred fishing families. Secondary data was collected from relevant documents, books, magazines and so on. It has been estimated a function using the dependent variable as the person who uses natural resources, independent variables as demographic characteristics, socio-economic characteristics of the fishermen and policy implication as a dummy variable. It has been revealed that there are four sectors where poverty is prevailed in Sri Lanka: Rural, Coastal, Urban and Plantation sector. There is less implication of government policies on coastal poverty as a tool for reducing coastal poverty in fishing communities due to political, social and cultural influences. Therefore, taken necessary steps should be taken to reduce these influences to implement government policies properly and it will help to overcome or at least mitigate the coastal poverty in fishing communities in Sri Lanka.
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    Landfilling and Environmental problems in Sri Lanka (with reference to Gampaha District)
    (Department of Economics, University of Kelaniya, 2016) Nawarathna Banda, H.M.
    Inevitable consequences of the practice of solid waste disposal in landfills are gas and leachate generation due primarily to microbial decomposition, climatic conditions, refuse characteristics and nature of landfilling operations. The diffusion of gas and leachate away from the landfill boundaries and their release into the surrounding environment present serious environmental concerns at both existing and new facilities. The problem of this study is there any impact of landfilling on environment in Sri Lanka. The objectives of this study are to identify the reasons for environmental problems, identify the environmental problems created due to landfilling and identify the solutions for overcome or mitigating the environmental problems due to landfilling in Sri Lanka. Besides potential health hazards, these concerns include, and are not limited to, fires and explosions, vegetation damage, unpleasant odors, landfill settlement, ground water pollution, air pollution and global warming. Managing waste could be a grave issue for a newly developing country such as Sri Lanka. Lack of a proper waste management system and irregular garbage dumping practices have not only created an unpleasant atmosphere but the sanitary issues that may lead to instances of public unrest and tensed situations. Following the recent experiences of the turmoil caused by civil unrest due to a polluted water problem that claimed lives, the need to establish a suitable waste disposal system is immensely felt. A wide extent of land excavated into a pit which is called a cell, laid with layers of different material to protect the soil from pollution and extract the waste water separately, has a capacity to hold an estimated 20, 000 metric tons of solid waste within a targeted period of 10 to 15 years by the time the landfill is completed. It is expected to be handed over to the public as a recreational ground when the landfill is complete. Located in a remote forest land near the Kirindiwela town, the site will provide a state-of-the-art garbage dumping ground for residual waste collected within the DompePradeshiyaSabha area.The project will come as a solution to the unregulated, open dumping of solid waste by local authorities and will be the first sanitary fill to be used with modern technology to avoid pollution of soil, ground water and waterways in the surrounding area. The project will come as a solution to the unregulated, open dumping of solid waste by local authorities and will be the first sanitary fill to be used with modern technology to avoid pollution of soil, ground water and waterways in the surrounding area. This study has been used both primary and secondary data. Primary data was collected from five hundred samples in Gampaha district by using interview schedule and observation method. Secondary data was collected from secondary various sources. Data was analyzed by using statistical methods like graphs, tables, percentage etc. According to collected data those living near landfill sites it were found that households use well water for drinking and cooking purposes, bathing and washing of clothes and vehicles and for gardening purposes. However, the number of households using well water is significantly lessamount in residences very close to the landfill. The usage of well water increases with the distance to the landfill. It is an indication that although wells are available in households close to landfill areas residents are hesitates to use them. However, since most of the householders use well water in the area can be seen a serious problem of ground water pollution. Other problems were odor, flood in rainy season reducing land value, breeding grounds for mosquitos, worms and various insects, create smoke and poisonous gases giving rise to safety problems, Children affected by various diseases such as skin diseases, and unbalance the biodiversity in the area. The responsibility of government, NGOs and policy making bodies are to take necessary actions to control the problem of land filling on environment by hazards waste in Sri Lanka.
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    Rupee devaluation and economy of Sri Lanka
    (Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka, 2016) Nawarathna Banda, H.M.
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    Socio-economic problems faced by employees at Free Trade Zones in Sri Lanka (With reference to Katunayaka Free Trade Zone)
    (Faculty of Graduate Studies, University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka, 2002) Nawarathna Banda, H.M.