Browsing by Author "Niharepola, D.A."

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Essential Oil Vapor Treatment to Control Post Harvest Diseases in Embul Banana (Mw.,•a Acuminate)
(University of Kelaniya, 2007) Niharepola, D.A.; Jayawardena, B.
Anthracnose and crown rot are very common post harvest diseases of banana. ;\nthracnose caused by Colletotrichum musae result in the development of black circular to lenticular lesions during ripening. Crown rot is caused by Fusarium moniliforme, l_mioJiplodia theohromae, and colletotrichum musae. Antifungal properties of essential oils of Cinnamon are well documented. However, only a limited number of studies have been conducted in the use of these oils in controlling post harvest diseases of banana. In earlier studies banana were sprayed with an emulsion of the oil and stored at room temperature and l5°C up to 15 and 21 days respectively. Objective of the present study was to evaluate the effectiveness of essential oil vapor treatment on post harvest diseases in embul banana. In the present study the banana \Vas exposed to essential oil vapor at 15"C and allowed to stand at room temp up to 21 days. The matured embul bananas were placed inside 3L polystyrene containers with snap on lids. Essential oil (Cinnamon leaf oil (Cinnamon zeylanicum) concentrations of 1170 ppm or 2340 ppm was applied to filter paper (5.5cm) and placed in each container for expose banana to vapor. Filter paper moistened with water was placed in each container, to maintain high relative humidity. The containers were then transferred to storage at 15°C in a cold room. Control samples were handled similarly with the exception of the volatile treatment. Banana samples were exposed to essential oil vapor for either I day (A) or 2 days (B) or 3 days(C). The exposed banana samples were placed at l5°C,and stored for an additional 21 days. After 21 days the banana samples were exposed to ethylene and were allowed to ripen. After the ripening severity of crown rot and anthracnose were recorded using a Standard Index. Data were analyzed statistically usmg one-way ANOVA. Oil vapor treated banana present low severity of both diseases compared to the control. The banana exposed for 2 days to a concentration of 2340 ppm (sample B) had the lowest incidence of the both diseases (Crown rot and Anthracnose). But it was not significantly different from the 3 days exposure (sample C). The banana exposed for 3 days (sample C) showed higher number of incidence of both diseases. During the 3 days exposure it was observed an increases in number of banana finger ripen. Therefore the fingers become more vulnerable to the both diseases.
Shelf Life of Leafy vegetables Treated with natural Essential oils’
(Sri Lanka Association for the Advancement of Science, 2008) Niharepola, D.A.; Jayawardena, B.
Fresh product of vegetables typically contains a complex mix of microorganisms. To prolong the shelf life of vegetables, the growth of microbial population must be controlled and washing and removal of damaged tissues are employed to reduce initial high counts. Clean sanitations are essential because storage life is shorter with high initial microbial loads. Chemical sanitations have a negative impact. Naturally occurring antimicrobial product healthier for environment and humans. Essential oils have antimicrobial properties. We investigated the in vitro antimicrobial activity of Cinnamon leaf oils (Cinnamon zeylanicum) on the native micro flora of “Gotukola” (Centiella asiatica). Fresh Gotukola samples were selected with uniformity of color, size and physiological damage were discarded. Leaves were washed 3 times with tap water and allowed to remove surface moisture. Leaves were hand sprayed on both sides with essential oils at minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) 0.06 ml/100ml v/v that is the concentration that produced a 90% in vitro inhibition of the native micro flora of Gotukala. In Control samples leaves were sprayed with tap water. After spraying 50g of the leaves were placed in low- density polyethylene (LDPE, 150 gauge) bags 0f 20 X 30cm2 surface area. The bags were sealed and stored at 50C with 97 % RH. At 3, 5 &7 days of storage samples were taken for determination of microbiological test include the total plate count (TPC), coliforms, E-coli and Salmonella, nutritional value (fiber, moisture, ash & ascorbic acid) & sensory properties. For determination of microbiological tests International Standard were used. Moisture, Ash, Fiber & Ascorbic acid content of the leaves were determined according to the standard methods. Leaves were evaluated for their sensory properties color, appearance, taste, and aroma, overall acceptability by providing samples and a questionnaire to six trained panelists. There was no effect due to essential oil treatment on nutritional value of Gotukola samples when compare the treated samples and control samples. Ascorbic acid content of the sample decrease with the storage time. TPC was low in samples treated with essential oils than control samples. Initial TPC of samples before essential oil treatment was 3.67× 102 cfu/g. Seven days after storages at 50C in control sample & treated sample TPC were 2.45×102 & 1.48 × 102 cfu/g respectively. Coliform count was also low in samples treated with essential oils (40 × 101 cfu/g) than control samples (110 × 101 cfu/g). The Salmonella count and E. coli count of all samples were nil. On the sensory attributes of the samples the panelists did not find difference among controls & treated samples. Throughout the storage time, no evidence of softening or rot was found on any of the samples. Therefore, we can conclude that cinnamon leaf oil can be used as naturally occurring sanitizing compound in leafy vegetables.