Browsing by Author "Patel, V."

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Over-the-counter drug use in suicidal/self-harm behavior: Scoping review
(John Wiley and Sons, 2022) Shoib, S.; Patel, V.; Khan, S.; Armiya'u, A.Y.; Saeed, F.; Swed, S.; Das, S.; Chandradasa, M.
Background and aims: Minor physical ailments are treated with over-the-counter (OTC) medications. The availability of OTC drugs helps reduce waiting times and ease the suffering of many. Suicidal behavior includes suicidal ideation, attempts, and completed suicides and affects people of all ages, religions, and cultures. This study aims to review use of OTC drugs for self-harm and suicidal attempts. Methods: We reviewed English language publications from the beginning of time to October 2021 on OTC drug use for suicidal behavior. Results: Twenty-seven studies met the eligibility criteria, and 1,816,228 participants were reported in these publications. OTC analgesics and sedatives/hypnotics were frequently used for suicidal behavior. Females and young people mainly were reported to self-harm using OTC medications. An increase in OTC analgesic use for self-harm in adolescents during the school months was reported. Elderly persons use hypnotics more frequently for suicidal attempts. Persons with major psychiatric disorders were reported to use OTC for suicidal behavior. Conclusion: The available information shows that the prevention strategies should focus on OTC analgesics and hypnotic use among women, the young, the elderly, and persons with mental health disorders.
Relationship between childhood sexual abuse and suicidal behaviour in South Asian countries: A scoping review
(Elsevier, 2022) Shoib, S.; Amanda, T.W.; Saeed, F.; Armiya’u, A.Y.; Patel, V.; Chandradasa, M.; de Berardis, D.
Background: Sexual abuse is a global issue and happens in every culture and country. It is a risk factor for developing several mental disorders and suicide. While there are many studies on the relationship between childhood sexual abuse (CSA) and suicide, there are no reviews on this association from South Asia. Aims: A scoping review to explore the association between CSA and suicidal behaviour in South Asian countries. Method: A literature search was conducted with Databases PubMed/Medline, Google Scholar, and Scopus from January 1, 2001 to December 31, 2020 for articles related to child sexual abuse and suicidal behaviour. Studies from Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, the Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan, and Sri Lanka were included in the search. Results: Among 356 articles found, 45 publications were further evaluated based on exclusion and inclusion criteria, and 12 papers that reported quantitative outcomes of the association between CSA and suicidal experiences were included in the review. There were no eligible studies from Afghanistan, Pakistan, Nepal, and the Maldives. Due to the limited number of publications and the heterogeneity of the studies, a meta-analysis was not conducted. Most studies indicated that CSA is a risk factor for suicidal behaviour or suicide later in life. Further, cultural barriers prevent the disclosure of CSA in Asian communities. Conclusions: There is an association between CSA and suicidal behaviour in South Asian countries. Future studies should target socio-cultural aspects to develop preventive programs for CSA and later suicide.
Universal health coverage and intersectoral action for health: key messages from Disease Control Priorities, 3rd edition
(Elsevier, 2018) Jamison, D.T; Alwan, A.; Mock, C.N.; Nugent, R.; Watkins, D.; Adeyi, O.; Anand, S.; Atun, R.; Bertozzi, S.; Bhutta, Z.; Binagwaho, A.; Black, R.; Blecher, M.; Bloom, B.R.; Brouwer, E.; Bundy, D.A.P.; Chisholm, D.; Cieza, A.; Cullen, M.; Danforth, K.; de Silva, N.; Debas, H.T.; Donkor, P.; Dua, T.; Fleming, K.A.; Gallivan, M.; Garcia, P.J.; Gawande, A.; Gaziano, T.; Gelband, H.; Glass, R.; Glassman, A.; Gray, G.; Habte, D.; Holmess, K.K.; Horton, S.; Hutton, G.; Jha, P.; Knaul, F.M.; Kobusingye, O.; Krakauer, E.L.; Kruk, M.E.; Lechmann, P.; Laxminarayan, R.; Levin, C.; Looi, L.M.; Madhav, N.; Mahmoud, A.; Mbanya, J.C.; Measham, A.; Medina-Mora, M.E.; Medin, C.; Mills, A.; Mills, J.A.; Montoya, J.; Norheim, O.; Olson, Z.; Omokhodion, F.; Oppenheim, B.; Ord, T.; Patel, V.; Patton, G.C.; Peabody, J.; Prabhakaran, D.; Qi, J.; Reynolds, T.; Ruacan, S.; Sankaranarayan, R.; Sepulveda, J.; Skolnik, R.; Smith, K.R.; Temmerman, M.; Tollman, S.; Verguet, S.; Walker, D.G.; Walker, N.; Wu, Y.; Zhao, K.
The World Bank is publishing nine volumes of Disease Control Priorities, 3rd edition (DCP3) between 2015 and 2018. Volume 9, Improving Health and Reducing Poverty, summarises the main messages from all the volumes and contains cross-cutting analyses. This Review draws on all nine volumes to convey conclusions. The analysis in DCP3 is built around 21 essential packages that were developed in the nine volumes. Each essential package addresses the concerns of a major professional community (eg, child health or surgery) and contains a mix of intersectoral policies and health-sector interventions. 71 intersectoral prevention policies were identified in total, 29 of which are priorities for early introduction. Interventions within the health sector were grouped onto five platforms (population based, community level, health centre, first-level hospital, and referral hospital). DCP3 defines a model concept of essential universal health coverage (EUHC) with 218 interventions that provides a starting point for country-specific analysis of priorities. Assuming steady-state implementation by 2030, EUHC in lower-middle-income countries would reduce premature deaths by an estimated 4·2 million per year. Estimated total costs prove substantial: about 9·1% of (current) gross national income (GNI) in low-income countries and 5·2% of GNI in lower-middle-income countries. Financing provision of continuing intervention against chronic conditions accounts for about half of estimated incremental costs. For lower-middle-income countries, the mortality reduction from implementing the EUHC can only reach about half the mortality reduction in non-communicable diseases called for by the Sustainable Development Goals. Full achievement will require increased investment or sustained intersectoral action, and actions by finance ministries to tax smoking and polluting emissions and to reduce or eliminate (often large) subsidies on fossil fuels appear of central importance. DCP3 is intended to be a model starting point for analyses at the country level, but country-specific cost structures, epidemiological needs, and national priorities will generally lead to definitions of EUHC that differ from country to country and from the model in this Review. DCP3 is particularly relevant as achievement of EUHC relies increasingly on greater domestic finance, with global developmental assistance in health focusing more on global public goods. In addition to assessing effects on mortality, DCP3 looked at outcomes of EUHC not encompassed by the disability-adjusted life-year metric and related cost-effectiveness analyses. The other objectives included financial protection (potentially better provided upstream by keeping people out of the hospital rather than downstream by paying their hospital bills for them), stillbirths averted, palliative care, contraception, and child physical and intellectual growth. The first 1000 days after conception are highly important for child development, but the next 7000 days are likewise important and often neglected.