Browsing by Author "Rathnayaka, D."

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Identification formats and levels in Machine Readable Cataloging Standards for Library Automation of University Libraries in Sri Lanka
(International Conference on Applied Social Statistics (ICASS) - 2019, Department of Social Statistics, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka, 2019) Rathnayaka, D.; Wasala, W. M. T. A. P.
Operating all library functions by using computers without manual activities is Library Automation. Library automation has been developed for library in-house operations including acquisition, cataloguing, circulation, serial controls, user controls, budgeting and reporting such as selective dissemination of information. Library Management Systems (LMS) are being used to automate most of the university libraries in Sri Lanka. In 1960, Computers had been used for cataloguing purposes (Ghaebi et al., 2010). The functions included in LMS are mainly based on the Cataloguing standard. For example, KOHA was created depending on MARC standards. Machine Readable Catalogue (MARC) is not only a cataloguing function but, a method of cataloguing based on computer or machine and it is a scientific format for creating and identifying bibliographical information in LMS. During 1965 to 1966, MARC I was published under the project named “Pilot Project” eventually MARC II in 1967(Ghaebi et al., 2010, Henriette, 1968). MARC 21 was published after IFLA - UNESCO conference in 1972. UNIMARC, CANMARC, UKMARC, INDOMARC are some of the MARC standards which were introduced later (Ghaebi et al., 2010). Fifteen government Universities under University Grants Commission have been used both Open Source Library Management Systems (OSLMS) and Commercial Library Management Systems (CLMS) for library automation. KOHA OSLMS was used twelve out of fifteen university libraries, other universities used CLMS for the library activities in January 2019.
A Study on Machine Readable Cataloguing Standards for Library Automation in Selected University Libraries in Sri Lanka
(International Postgraduate Research Conference 2019, Faculty of Graduate Studies, University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka, 2019) Rathnayaka, D.; Wasala, W.M.T.A.P.
Machine Readable Catalogue (MARC) is not only a cataloguing function but, a method of cataloguing based on a computer or machine and it is a scientific format for creating and identifying bibliographical information in LMS. From 1965 to 1966, MARC I was published under the project named “Pilot Project” eventually MARC II in 1967. MARC 21 was published after IFLA - UNESCO conference in 1972. UNIMARC, CANMARC, UKMARC, INDOMARC are some of the MARC standards which were introduced later. KOHA Open Source Library Management system was used twelve out of fifteen university libraries, three universities used Commercial Library Management systems for the library automation in Sri Lanka. Using MARC 21 bibliographic fields in OPACs of selected university libraries was different from each other and that was identified as a problem. Usage of MARC 21 fields are different from each other; it will be a problem to build a union or centralized catalogue among the university library management systems in the future. Investigating how the selected university libraries use MARC 21 fields for the library automation and gathering data about the knowledge of MARC 21 were the objectives of the research. Quantitative and qualitative research methods were used in this research. Five university libraries were selected using purposive sampling. Two structured questionnaires were distributed among selected library staff members. Four out of selected five university libraries have used MARC 21 fields in their automated library management systems which are LIBSYS and KOHA. Another library was used Alice for Windows to automate the library. MARC 21 standard had not been used normally in Alice for Windows. The 8 of MARC fields have been commonly used in their automated library management. Those MARC 21 fields were, LEADER (000), FIXED-LENGTH DATA ELEMENTS--GENERAL INFORMATION (008), LANGUAGE CODE (041), MAIN ENTRY--PERSONAL NAME (100), TITLE STATEMENT (245), PHYSICAL DESCRIPTION (300), PUBLICATION, DISTRIBUTION, (IMPRINT) (260) and BARCODE (952$p). They pointed out a major problem which was the creation of a union catalogue or a centralized catalogue among the university libraries. Difficulty of implementation of the corporate cataloguing, difficulty of interchanging bibliographical data among the university libraries, duplicating bibliographical data and authority controlling in a union catalogue will be difficult tasks, etc. They identified these as problems that they have to face in the future due to not having a common set of MARC 21 fields in their LMS. As the solutions to overcome the above issues, training and awareness programs should be conducted for the library staff, to make them aware of the cataloguing practices. The majority of the library staff endorsed that a proper MARC standard system should be introduced for the university libraries
Use of Machine Readable Cataloging Standard in University Libraries of Sri Lanka
(19th Conference on Postgraduate Research, International Postgraduate Research Conference 2018, Faculty of Graduate Studies,University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka, 2018) Rathnayaka, D.; Ven.Rewatha, P.
Machine Readable Cataloguing (MARC) is the adoption of Manual Catalogue into machine-based system. In 1960, Use of computers for cataloguing purpose began. MARC I, MARC II, Universal Machine Readable Cataloguing - UNIMARC and MARC 21 are some of the versions in MARC. UNIMARC was developed by International Federation of Library Associations and Institutions (IFLA) and MARC 21 was developed by Library of Congress. KOHA is an Open Source Integrated Library Management System that was used in 12 University libraries out of 19. 5 university libraries used Commercial Integrated Library Management systems and 2 other Higher Educational Institutions planned to automate their libraries. Making union catalogue will be a difficult task because not having unity with OPAC among the University Libraries that is the major problem of the research. The objective of the study was to identify the use of MARC Standard in University Libraries of Sri Lanka. Survey design was the study method. Simple Random Sample was used for the sample. 5 out of 15 University Libraries were selected such as University of Colombo, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, University of Kelaniya, University of Moratuwa, Visual, and Performance Art University. A structured questionnaire delivered for 5 University Librarians. For 15 Senior Assistant Librarians, 10 Assistant Librarians, 5 for those engaged in the catalogue using MARC and 25 Library Assistants for obtaining the primary data. In addition, discussions, interviews, observation and searching Online Public Access Catalogues were applied for primary data collection. 56 out of 60 in the sample were responded for the questionnaires. Out of 5 University libraries which are selected, 3 university libraries use KOHA; the other libraries use ALICE FOR WINDOWS and LIBSYS. Library using KOHA adopt MARC 21 on rudimentary basis while other libraries apply their own inbuilt standard based on the Library Software. It was identified that there was no proper MARC standard followed as well as no proper levels applied seen as according to the searching the OPAC and the questionnaires. Only 07 fields of MARC have been used for automation by University Libraries commonly. The MARC fields were LEADER (000), MAIN ENTRY-PERSONAL NAME (100), TITLE STATEMENT (245), PUBLICATION, DISTRIBUTION, and ETC. (IMPRINT) (260), ADDED ENTRY ELEMENTS (KOHA) (942), KOHA FULL CALL NUMBER (952$o) and BARCODE (952$p). Other MARC fields have been used differently in their library automation software of automation. 80% of the staff endorsed that proper MARC standard system should be introduced for the use of university libraries. It is proposed a Uniform MARC standard system should be established under library professional institutes and library organization, Sri Lanka. Therefore, National Library and Documentation Services Board, Sri Lanka Library Association and University Library Association should and concerned library experts in the field should take the lead.