Browsing by Author "Senanayake, C.P."

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A comparison of serological diagnostic techniques in Dengue fever
(Sri Lanka College of Microbiologists, 2005) Gunasekera, H.A.K.M.; Senanayake, C.P.; Sunil-Chandra, N.P.; Mendis, L.
INTRODUCTION: The Dengue Duo IgM and IgG Rapid Strip test (PanBio Pvt. Ltd., Brisbane, Australia) is a commercially available immunochromatographic test. The Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences (AFRIMS), Bangkok Thailand, has developed an in-house anti-dengue/anti-JE IgM and IgG reference enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). OBJECTIVE: To compare the usefulness of the AFRIMS ELISA and PanBio Dengue Duo IgM and IgG Rapid Strip test (PanBio Strip test) in the diagnosis of dengue infections. MATERIALS AND METHOD: 93 non-bacterial undifferentiated fever cases and 50 suspected dengue fever cases were screened for dengue and JE virus infections by the AFRIMS ELISA and also by the PanBio Strip test for dengue. All cases positive for dengue antibodies by either test were also tested by the Haemagglutination Inhibition test. RESULTS: Results were considered conclusive when at least 2 or all 3 of the above tests agreed. The AFRIMS ELISA had a sensitivity of 91.7% and specificity of 100% while the PanBio Strip test has a sensitivity of 93.8% and specificity of 96.8% in diagnosing dengue infections. 91.7% primary and 91.4% secondary infections were correctly classified by the AFRIMS ELISA. The PanBio Strip test identified 100% primary infections and 65.7% of secondary infections. CONCLUSIONS: The PanBio Strip test has a sensitivity and specificity comparable to the AFRIMS ELISA in diagnosing dengue infections although it tends to underestimate the number of secondary infections.
Japanese encephalitis virus infection in an endemic area: hospital based study 1998 to 2000
(Sri Lankan Society for Microbiology, 2012) Gunasekera, H.A.K.M.; Senanayake, C.P.; Mendis, L.; Sunil-Chandra, N.P.
Gampaha Deputy Provincial Director of Health Services division reported a large number of Japanese encephalitis cases during 1996 to 1997. Notified cases included unconfirmed and confirmed cases. A study to determine the true disease burden was considered necessary. Proportion of undifferentiated fever cases due to Japanese encephalitis virus varies in different populations and the Sri Lankan situation is not known. The objectives were to determine the proportion of undifferentiated fever cases and encephalitis cases due to Japanese encephalitis virus; and the case fatality rate and frequency of neurological sequelae in Japanese encephalitis, in a tertiary care hospital in Gampaha. A cross-sectional descriptive study was carried out in the paediatric and medicine units of the North Colombo Teaching Hospital, Ragama during 1998 to 2000. Ninety three randomly selected patients with a diagnosis of undifferentiated fever from whom paired sera could be collected and 32 patients suspected of encephalitis, which were not overtly due to mumps, measles or chicken-pox were included. The Armed Forces Research Institute in Medical Sciences Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay for anti-Japanese encephalitis virus immunoglobulin M and G was used to confirm Japanese encephalitis virus infection. One of 93 (1.08%) undifferentiated fever cases was due to Japanese encephalitis virus infection. Eleven of 32 (34.38%) encephalitis cases had Japanese encephalitis virus infection and 3 (27.3%) had IgM antibodies to Japanese encephalitis virus in cerebrospinal fluid. Case fatality rate and sequelae at discharge were 11.1% each. Japanese encephalitis virus was an important cause of encephalitis in Gampaha during this period
Seroprevalence of hepatitis C virus in thalassaemic patients and patients who undergo long-term haemodialysis
(Sri Lanka College of Microbiologists, 2009) Jayamaha, C.J.S.; Senanayake, C.P.; Manamperi, A.; Chandrasiri, P.; Karunanayake, L.
BACKGROUND: Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a major global health problem. Multiple blood transfusions and long-term haemodialysis are associated with HCV transmission. OBJECTIVE: To determine the seroprevalence of HCV in thalassaemic patients and patients who undergo long-term haemodialysis. METHODOLOGY: Study group consisted of 228 thalassaemic patients and 183 patients who undergo long-term haemodialysis. A sample of blood was collected from all the patients and tested for HCV antibody with a third generation ELISA. Repeatedly reactive samples were subjected to one step reverse transcriptase-PCR. RESULTS: Prevalence of anti-HCV antibodies among thalassaemic patients and haemodialysis patients were 3.95% (9/228) and 1.09% (2/183) respectively. Mean number of blood transfusions among anti-HCV positive patients was 139.91 compared to 53.88 in anti-HCV negative patients (p<0.01). Mean number of haemodialysis cycles among anti-HCV positive patients was 197.0 compared to 51.15 in anti-HCV negative patients (p=0.000). In thalassaemic cohort, 52.2% were not screened for either HBV or HCV infection. In haemodialysis cohort this value was 27.3%. CONCLUSIONS: The presence of anti-HCV antibodies was significantly associated with the number of blood transfusions and number of haemodialysis cycles. Screening for viral hepatitis markers was not satisfactory in either cohort. It is recommended that patients be screened for hepatitis B and C viruses prior to dialysis/ transfusion and at specific intervals. Screening donor blood for anti-HCV antibodies should be made mandatory to decrease the HCV infection among multitransfused patients. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS: Financial assistance by National Health Research Council & Roche Pharmaceuticals.