Browsing by Author "Subramanium, S."

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Fungal pretreatment to enhance the yield of phytochemicals and evaluation of α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibition using Cinnamomum zeylanicum (L.) quills pressurized water extracts
(Blackwell Scientific Publications, 2021) Wariyapperuma, W.A.N.M.; Kannangara, S.; Wijayasinghe, Y.S.; Subramanium, S.; Jayawardena, B.
ABSTRACT: Bioactive compounds entrapped in plant materials can be effectively recovered using fungal enzymes. Cinnamomum zeylanicum Sri Wijaya (SW) and Sri Gemunu (SG) accessions and commercially available C. zeylanicum (CC) were subjected to fungal pretreatment and extracted with pressured water (PWE, 0·098 MPa). Thirteen fungal species were isolated and the substrate utilization ability of the species was tested using cellulose, pectin and lignin (indirectly). Total phenolic content (TPC, Folin-Ciocalteu method), proanthocyanidin content (PC, vanillin method) and α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibitory potential of the extracts were evaluated. The anti-diabetic drug, Acarbose was used as the positive control. Trichoderma harzianum (MH298760) showed the highest cell lysis ability and hence was used for the microbial pretreatment process. Extracts of SW treated with T. harzianum species (Pre-SW) gave the highest percentage yield (4·08% ± 0·15%), significantly potent inhibition (P < 0·05) of α-amylase and α-glucosidase activities (IC50 57 ± 8 and 36 ± 8 μg ml-1 respectively), TPC (2·24 ± 0·02 mg gallic acid equivalent g-1 ), and PC (48·2 ± 0·4 mg of catechin equivalent g-1 ) compared to Pre-SG, Pre-CC and nontreated samples. Trichoderma harzianum treatment can enhance the hypoglycaemic properties, PC and TPC of Cinnamon extracts and provide new insights into the recovery of phytochemicals. KEYWORDS: Cinnamomum zeylanicum; Trichoderma harzianum; pressured water extraction; α-amylase; α-glucosidase.
Fungal pretreatment to enhance the yield ofphytochemicals and evaluation of α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibition using Cinnamomum zeylanicum (L.)quills pressurized water extracts
(Letters in Applied Microbiology, 2020) Wariyapperuma, W.A.N. Madushika; Kannangara, S.; Wijayasinghe, Y.S.; Subramanium, S.; Jayawardena, B.
Bioactive compounds entrapped in plant materials can be effectively recovered using fungal enzymes. Cinnamomum zeylanicum Sri Wijaya (SW) and Sri Gemunu (SG) accessions and commercially available C. zeylanicum (CC) were subjected to fungal pretreatment and extracted with pressured water (PWE, 0 098 MPa). Thirteen fungal species were isolated and the substrate utilization ability of the species was tested using cellulose, pectin and lignin (indirectly). Total phenolic content (TPC, Folin–Ciocalteu method), proanthocyanidin content (PC, vanillin method) and α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibitory potential of the extracts were evaluated. The anti-diabetic drug, Acarbose was used as the positive control. Trichoderma harzianum (MH298760) showed the highest cell lysis ability and hence was used for the microbial pretreatment process. Extracts of SW treated with T. harzianum species (Pre-SW) gave the highest percentage yield (4 08% 0 15%), significantly potent inhibition (P < 0 05) of α-amylase and α-glucosidase activities (IC50 57 8 and 36 8 μg ml−1 respectively), TPC (2 24 0 02 mg gallic acid equivalent g−1), and PC (48 2 0 4 mg of catechin equivalent g−1) compared to Pre-SG, Pre- CC and nontreated samples. Trichoderma harzianum treatment can enhance the hypoglycaemic properties, PC and TPC of Cinnamon extracts and provide new insights into the recovery of phytochemicals.
In vitro anti-diabetic effects and phytochemical profiling of novel varieties of Cinnamomum zeylanicum (L.) extracts
(Corte Madera, 2020) Niroshani, W.A.; Wariyapperuma, M.; Kannangara, S.; Wijayasinghe, Y.S.; Subramanium, S.; Jayawardena, B.
BACKGROUND: Diabetes mellitus type 2 (DMT2) is a leading metabolic disorder in the world. Anti-diabetic actions of phytochemicals from various medicinal herbs have been explored as an alternative therapy in the management of DMT2 due to adverse effects of synthetic drugs used in allopathic medicine. α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibitory potential and phytochemical profiling were investigated in aqueous extracts of two new Cinnamomum zeylanicum accessions, namely C. zeylanicum Sri Wijaya (SW), C. zeylanicum Sri Gemunu (SG) and commercially available C. zeylanicum (CC). METHODS: Microwave Digestion (MD), Pressurized Water Extraction (PWE), Steam Distillation (SD), Solvent Extraction (SE), Decoction Water Extraction (DWE) and Infusion Water Extraction (IWE) methods were used to prepare Cinnamon quill extracts. Total phenolic content (TPC, Folin-Ciocalteu method) and Proanthocyanidin content (PC, vanillin assay), α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibition of Cinnamon extracts were determined spectrophotometrically. The α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibition were reported in terms of IC50 value. The phytochemical profiling was accomplished by GC-MS technique. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: Lowest IC50 values were observed in PWE and DWE of SW. The highest PC and TPC were also observed in PWE and DWE of SW. Pressured water and decoctions are promising methods for the extraction of antidiabetic constituents from cinnamon. Benzoic acid, cinnamyl alcohol, benzyl alcohol, and 4-Allyl-2,6-dimethoxyphenol were identified as major compounds in SW extracts. These compounds are believed to be responsible for strong enzyme inhibitory activity of the extracts. CONCLUSIONS: This is the first study to explore the use of pressured and decoctions water to extract anti-diabetic phytochemicals from cinnamon. The extensive metabolite profiling of novel SW and SG extracts and comparison of that with commercially available CC are reported for the first time in this study. The C. zeylanicum, SW accession holds some promise in the management of diabetes. KEYWORDS: Cinnamomum zeylanicum; Decoction water extraction; Diabetes mellitus type 2; GC-MS; Pressurized Water Extraction; Sri Wijaya; α-amylase; α-glucosidase.
The Study of Occurrence of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Sediments of Sebasthian Canal and Hamilton Canal of Sri Lanka
(Faculty of Graduate Studies, University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka, 2016) Subramanium, S.; Doole, F.
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) are known as a major group of organic pollutants which are considered as toxic, mutagenesis and carcinogenic. These PAHs composed of two or more aromatic benzene rings are produced due to incomplete combustion of fossil fuels; such as coal, oil and due to pyrolytic processes. Since PAHs are harmful towards living beings, studies on monitoring PAHs have been conducted in different parts of the world. The canals, Sebasthian Canal and Hamilton Canal are in close proximity to Kelanitissa Power Station (KL) and Kerawalapitiya Power Station (KW) respectively were subjected to this study. A preliminary study has been conducted to determine the occurrence of PAHs in water bodies of these two canals. For the purposes of water quality monitoring, qualitative and quantitative studies of sediment has a significant importance. This study aims to determine the type and concentration of PAHs in sediment of the above water bodies near the two power plants. Occurrence of PAHs in sediment is expected since these are diesel fuel fired combined cycle power stations and the preliminary study has shown accumulation of PAHs in surface water of the water body. Studies have shown PAHs in water bodies vary with the seasonal variation. The sediment samples were collected during the dry season in which the reported PAHs of water bodies are high. The sediment samples at a thickness of 2.5 – 5.0 cm along with soil were collected during dry season. The reference study was conducted from sediment collected from a fresh water spring in Bandarawela, which is approximately 180 km away from the study area where anthropogenic influence is very low. The samples were sonicated using ultra-sonicator for 1 hour at 50 °C to extract PAHs. Methanol extract was cleaned using silica gel (60-120 Mesh) column. Identification and quantification of PAHs in sediment samples were carried out using HPLC at 254 nm and HPLC-FLD (excitation at 250 nm, emission at 410 nm). Identified PAHs contained both low and medium molecular weight PAHs. Naphthalene, acenapthene, fluoranthene, pyrene, Benz[a]anthracene and chrysene were the major PAHs present in the sediments. The total measured PAHs in sediment ranged from 1.53 to 3.89 μg kg- 1 in KL site and from 0.68 to 21.60 μg kg-1 in KW site, which is a significant increment than that of its reported measured total PAHs values in surface water. (PAHs in surface water of Sebastian canal varied from 0.11 μg L-1 to 1.71 μg L-1 where as it varied from 0.16 μg L-1 to 2.74 μg L-1 in surface water of Hamilaton canal.) Therefore, it verifies that, for purposes of water quality monitoring, qualitative and quantitative studies of sediment has a significant importance. Further studies should be carried out to identify the source of PAHs into these water bodies.
What information and the extent of information research participants need in informed consent forms: a multi-country survey
(BioMed Central, 2018) Karbwang, J.; Koonrungsesomboon, N.; Torres, C.E.; Jimenez, E.B.; Kaur, G.; Mathur, R.; Sholikhah, E.N.; Wanigatunge, C.; Wong, C.S.; Yimtae, K.; Abdul Malek, M.; Ahamad Fouzi, L.; Ali, A.; Chan, B.Z.; Chandratilake, M.; Chiew, S.C.; Chin, M.Y.C.; Gamage, M.; Gitek, I.; Hakimi, M.; Hussin, N.; Jamil, M.F.A.; Janarsan, P.; Julia, M.; Kanungo, S.; Karunanayake, P.; Kollanthavelu, S.; Kong, K.K.; Kueh, B.L.; Kulkarni, R.; Kumaran, P.P.; Kumarasiri, R.; Lim, W.H.; Lim, X.J.; Mahmud, F.; Mantaring, J.B.V.; Md Ali, S.M.; Mohd Noor, N.; Muhunthan, K.; Nagandran, E.; Noor, M.; Ooi, K.H.; Pradeepan, J.A.; Sadewa, A.H.; Samaranayake, N.; Sri Ranganathan, S.; Subasingha, W.; Subramanium, S.; Sulaiman, N.; Tay, J.F.; Teng, L.H.; Tew, M.M.; Tharavanij, T.; Tok, P.S.K.; Weeratna, J.; Wibawa, T.; Wickremasinghe, R.; Wongwai, P.; Yadav, S.; FERCAP Multi-Country Research Team
BACKGROUND: The use of lengthy, detailed, and complex informed consent forms (ICFs) is of paramount concern in biomedical research as it may not truly promote the rights and interests of research participants. The extent of information in ICFs has been the subject of debates for decades; however, no clear guidance is given. Thus, the objective of this study was to determine the perspectives of research participants about the type and extent of information they need when they are invited to participate in biomedical research. METHODS: This multi-center, cross-sectional, descriptive survey was conducted at 54 study sites in seven Asia-Pacific countries. A modified Likert-scale questionnaire was used to determine the importance of each element in the ICF among research participants of a biomedical study, with an anchored rating scale from 1 (not important) to 5 (very important). RESULTS: Of the 2484 questionnaires distributed, 2113 (85.1%) were returned. The majority of respondents considered most elements required in the ICF to be 'moderately important' to 'very important' for their decision making (mean score, ranging from 3.58 to 4.47). Major foreseeable risk, direct benefit, and common adverse effects of the intervention were considered to be of most concerned elements in the ICF (mean score = 4.47, 4.47, and 4.45, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: Research participants would like to be informed of the ICF elements required by ethical guidelines and regulations; however, the importance of each element varied, e.g., risk and benefit associated with research participants were considered to be more important than the general nature or technical details of research. Using a participant-oriented approach by providing more details of the participant-interested elements while avoiding unnecessarily lengthy details of other less important elements would enhance the quality of the ICF.