Browsing by Author "Sumana Thero, Bodagama"

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A Comparative Study on Differences between Anglo - American Catalogue Rules (AACR II) and Resource Description and Access (RDA)
(Department of Library and Information Science, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka, 2016) Sumana Thero, Bodagama
Anglo - American Catalogue Rules II in 2008 and Resource Description and Access are basically used to cataloguing libraries. This study investigates differences between AACR II and RDA. Resource Description and Access is a new standard for description and access knowledge. AACR depends on ISBD standard and RDA was based on Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records(FRBR) and Functional Requirements for Authority Data(FRAD). According to this study, it can be identified differences of both cataloguing rules such as Parallel titles, statement of responsibility, publication information and dates, relationship designators, capitalization , treatment of typos or errors found on the resource, square brackets and fictitious entities and non-human entities can be creators or contributors. Fundamentals of AACR II and RDA are also different. Mainly, AACR II is a printed source, rules are created for both content and display and designed for card catalogues. RDA is an online source and web based one, rules are created only for the content and designed for a digital world. Therefore, Librarians have been focusing attention on RDA rules rather than AACR II in order to develop future virtual library concept with regarding to web based description and access to digitized knowledge and information.
The Importance of Salleka Sutta for solving contemporary social conflict
(Centre for Asian Studies, University of Kelaniya, 2015) Sumana Thero, Bodagama; Pagngnaloka Thero, K.; Sobitha Thero, Karapikkada
A number of social conflicts arise in society and the impact of them on the social development can be clearly recognized. The Salleka Sutta introduces techniques to solve such social conflicts. As Salleka Sutta indicates there are three major roots of social problems such as lust, hatred and delusion. These three roots effects on every social problem also conflicts and they lead people to conduct a lot of unwholesome deeds. Furthermore, Salleka Sutta introduces forty four types of unwholesome behavioral patterns and mental states that can lead individuals to problematic and maladaptive behaviours. Every social problem and especially antisocial personality characteristics are based on these forty four types of behavioral patterns and mental states according to Salleka Sutta. Some of them are ignorant, lust, killing, stealing, misconduct, telling lies, gossiping etc. In addition, the Salleka Sutta mentions solutions for social problems that can be implemented to develop the quality of human society. Right vision, right concepts, right actions are some of those solutions mentioned in the Sutta. The hatred can be diminished from developing kindness, the Sutta suggests ways and means to purify the mind from those forty four types of unwholesome roots. In addition, the individual can follow five precepts, ten unwholesome deeds (Dasakusal), eight fold path for enhancing the mentality by diminishing antisocial behaviours of emotions. It is concluded that the Salleka Sutta can have a great influence on solving social problems and conflicts and also to develop a civilized society.
Sarvāstivādins’ attitude towards the existence of environmental facts
(Faculty of Humanities, University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka, 2016) Sobitha Thero, Karapikkada; Chandaratan Thero, Dapane; Sumana Thero, Bodagama
Sarvāstivāda was a major school of interdenominational Buddhism and their key philosophical teaching is ‘everything exists forever’ (sarvaṅsarvadāasti). In accordance with above foremost teaching of Sarvāstivādins’ existence of environmental facts emphasized as eternal or perpetual fact. Further, they emphasized that every environmental fact exist continuously in past, present and future. All the interdenominational schools of Buddhism besides Sarvāstivānins analyzed their philosophical concepts in accordance with early Buddhism but the key philosophical point of Sarvāstivadins is completely different from early Buddhism because their teaching “sarvaṅsarvadāasti” opposes to early Buddhist teaching of non-soul(anatta).To avoid falling into siding with the concept of eternal soul they insisted two major teaching of the existence of environmental facts,viz.1) Sāmānya lakṣana, 2)Svabhāva lakṣana. According to sāmanya lakṣan, everything is subjected to decay and death but it is conventional nature of all dharmas. Sarvāstivādins emphasized four forms of existence of dharmas as uppāda(birth)stiti(existence)jaratā(decay)and anityatā(impermanent).They stressed that even though the conventional existence of the environmental facts changed their nature (svabhāva) would never change. Thus unchangeable natures of environmental facts were called as Sāmañya lakṣana. For example, by using gold it is possible to make different ornaments. Even though conventional shapes of the ornaments were changed inherent nature of gold would never change. This example emphasizes that according to Sarvāstivādins elements of the things does not change even their conventional nature was changed. Thus inherent nature of anything exists past present and future. This is the teaching of the eternal existence of things that was emphasized by Sarvāstivādins. They taught following teachings to emphasize their above fact. They are bhāvānyatāvāda, lakṣanānyatāvāda, avastānyatāvāda and anyatānnyatāvāda. Owing to this teaching of Sarvāstivādin they are called as dharmathavādins who emphasized the bhāhyārtapratyakṣavāda. This is Sarvāstivadins’ teaching that exemplified the incessant existence of environmental facts.
Study of Buddhist Teachings on Fertilization and Development of Embryo
(Centre for Chinese Studies, Department of Modern Languages, Faculty of Humanities, University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka, 2016) Sobitha Thero, Karapikkada; Sumana Thero, Bodagama
A study on experiment methods in the Tripitaka
(University of Kelaniya, 2015) Sumana Thero, Bodagama
Buddhism is the best fruit of an uncomparable experiment in the known past. As per the many Suttas in the Tripitaka, it is possible to reveal the nature of experiment methods discussed in Buddhism as such methods appeared in several texts such as Ariyapariyesana Sutta, Dhammacakkapavattana Sutta, Kālāma Sutta, Vimaṃsaka Sutta. The experiment systems discussed in Buddhism can be divided into Anariya Pariyesana and Ariya Pariyesana. The first, Ariyapariyesana refers tothe seeking of the truth or looking for the solution while they are experiencing Jāti, jarā, vyādhi, and soka. Ariyapariyesana refers to the seeking the truth while being free from such defilements. Buddhism discusses the characteristics that should be in an experiment. While engaging in such experiments the explorer should be free from chanda, doha, bhaya, moha, which are known as extremes (agati). Buddhism shows the measures that should be followed to obtain a proper solution. The best examples for this are evident in Kālāma Sutta & Vimaṃsaka Sutta. When the consectarium discuss, it depends on four facts. 1. Dukkha Sacca -Suffer 2. Dukkha Samudaya Sacca -Cause for the suffering 3. Dukkha nirodha Sacca - Cease the suffer 4. Dukkha nirodhagāminipaṭipadā Sacca - Way to eradicate the suffering Seeking the depending background is one of the major instruments in Buddhism. It is a trustworthy and an essential method. In Buddhist philosophy variability is another important measurement. It is discussed through seven topics. They are Jarā, Maraṇa, Soka, Parideva, Dukkha, Domanassa and Upāyāsa, and are known as changing points of variability. Cullahatthipadopama Sutta widely reveals the values of seeking the truth from facts through the example of the footprints of a tusker. Initially the explorer assumes that the footprints that appear on the earth should be a tusker’s. Finally he confirms that it was a tusker according his presumptions. The expectation of questioning is to get the best solution for the question by the questioner. Sometimes the questioning is expanded until the questioner is able to understand the nature of his question. It can be concluded that Buddhism is the noblest experiment, endowed with experiment characteristics.
Use of Electronic Resources for Buddhist Studies: A Case Study
(Faculty of Graduate Studies, University of Kelaniya, 2015) Sumana Thero, Bodagama
Electronic resources are two types. They are online e–resources and off line e–resources. An "electronic resource" is defined as any work encoded and made available for access through the use of a computer. It includes electronic data available by (1) remote access and (2) direct access (fixed media). In other words: Remote access (electronic resources) refers to the use of electronic resources via computer networks. (AACR2, 2002 edition; glossary) Off–line eresources are CD–Rom, Thipitaka –CD, Mettanet – CD, Dhammapada–CD, Diskettes, VCD/ DVD, e–card. Online e-resources are Institutional & Personal website, OPAC & web OPACS, Electronic Databases e–publications, e–books, e–journals, and e-prints, e–articles. There are Encyclopedias, full-text journals, Newspapers, company information, e-books economic data ―digital images" industry profiles, market, Research, dictionaries in electronic resources. This study is on how to use electronic resources for Buddhist Studies. We can find information on Buddhism from Chatta sangayana CD, Dammapada CD and other Dhamma CD. Today we have computer and internet facilities. Therefore, without books, we can study on Buddhism. As a web page, Buddha Net covers all Buddhist resources. There are Buddhist manuscripts, suttas, jathaka tales, online courses and rare books such as Vimukthimagga. E – Library concept on web helps to reader every time to find and search Buddhist sources. Pali Canon and other important Dhamma books are availble as PDF, e-books, and e- journals in web pages. Example: Buddhist studies virtual library, Pali text society and vipassana research institute. These Libraries provide access to a variety of electronic books, as well as the other printed works (such as essays, poems, or historical documents). Some of these electronic books and texts are part of large, searchable databases.
The Way of Using Social Media Networks for Current Awareness Services
(Department of Library and Information Science, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka, 2016) Sumana Thero, Bodagama; Pagngnaloka Thero, K.; Sobitha Thero, Karapikkada
Social Media networks are very famous informativesources at present when comparing with other technologies. The purpose of this research is to examine the usage of to social media networks to promote Library and Information resources in between librarians and patrons in Sri Lankan as current awareness services. Current Awareness Services help to library for notifying library services to researches and other persons who need information. Presently, there are more social media networks in the world. Some examples are Face book, twitter, likened, Google +, you tube. Face book Social media networks are used by 1,100 100 100 peoples in the current world meanwhile the Face book is most popular network in Sri Lanka too. Therefore current awareness services which containing CAS list" Content pages services" Periodical Circulation" Paper cutting services" Accession list and the notification of fourth coming conversion and Research in progress are used by the librarians. Nevertheless public, schools, University and special librarians paylmeagerattention for these methods. The sole intention of this evaluattion is to notify the knowledge and information to promote CAS services by using social media. According to the study, although theSri Lankan libraries are connecting with social media but not more with CAS services. Some of libraries used to use social media networks under the friend groups, pages and ask a librarian. Therefore librarians have to be promoted to use this technology to notify library activities for patrons.
ශ්‍රී ලාංකීය බෞද්ධ කාන්තාව සහ ප්‍රාදේශීය දේශපාලන ක්‍රියාවලිය පිළිබඳ අධ්‍යයනයක්
(Faculty of Graduate Studies, University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka, 2016) Sumana Thero, Bodagama; Sobhitha Thero, Karapikkada; Weerakoon, G.W.G.D.