Browsing by Author "Vithanawsam, M.K.D."

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Identify the Relationship between GDP and the Economic Infrastructure in Sri Lanka.
(Department of Social Statistics, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Kelaniya Sri Lanka, 2021) Vithanawsam, M.K.D.
Economic infrastructure development such as road and transportation networks, electricity, water, tele communication, air control towers, bridges, and so on, that is completed on time will aid in increasing economic efficiency while enhancing the economy's output capacity, facilitating productivity improvement and reducing regional disparities. These infrastructural systems, which demand significant upfront investments, are critical for an economy's productivity. The government either fully funds or greatly subsidizes the majority of initiatives. According to the Sustainable Development Report 2021, Sri Lanka ranked at 85 by overall performance of SDG. And the SDG9, Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure shows lowest average performance of SDG in Sri Lanka in 2021 The country's vast infrastructure development program helps to maintain high and sustainable growth in the medium and long term. Sri Lanka takes a major place among the developing countries of the world. Out of these, the Government of Sri Lanka is a pioneer in developing infrastructure for the betterment of the lives of the people and the country, comparing to other countries. With over 80% of Sri Lanka's population now residing in rural areas, mass transportation and renewable energy, as well as the creation of new businesses and information and communication technology, are becoming increasingly vital. Economic infrastructure contributes a significant amount of income to the country’s GDP. This study limited only to the economic infrastructures, transportation and telecommunication. The main objective is to identify the relationship between GDP and economic infrastructure. Specific objectives are identifying recent trends of economic growth and the government investment in infrastructure and to identify the problems and challengers on economic infrastructure during past years.
The Impact of Tea Small Holdings on Rural Employment (with reference to Imaduwa Divisional Secretariat in Galle District)
(Department of Social Statistics, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Kelaniya Sri Lanka, 2022) Vithanawsam, M.K.D.
Tea is one of main agricultural crop as well as commercial crops which contributes substantial percentage of GDP for agricultural sector. According to the elevation, tea planted areas are categorized into three types as high-growing tea (upcountry tea), mid-grown (mid country tea) tea and low-growing tea (low country tea) in Sri Lanka (y÷kaf.a, 2019). Mainly there are two types of tea sectors in Sri Lanka. There are large-scale tea plantation sector and small tea holding sector. In Sri Lanka, according to the Tea Control Act, a tea smallholder was a farmer who was cultivating tea less than 10 acres (Thushara, 2015). Tea industry opens the door to the lots of employment opportunities in the rural sector. It becomes one of largest employer with workforce over 2.5 million. Out from more than 6.4 million rural workers, about 1.8 million are in farm wage employment. The majority of employment in the tea smallholder sector is informal as they are not registered with the Farm Employees Provident Fund or the Inland Revenue Department. Tea Small Holding related jobs can be mainly classified into four categories. They are OWA, Unpaid family worker, Employee and employer. (Food and Agriculture Organizations of the United & Nations (FAO) Sri Lanka, 2018).