Browsing by Author "Yahiro, T."

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Human-porcine reassortant rotavirus generated by multiple reassortment events in a Sri Lankan child with diarrhea
(Elsevier Science, 2018) Yahiro, T.; Takaki, M.; Chandrasena, T.G.A.N.; Rajindrajith, S.; Isa, H.; Ahmed, K.
A human-porcine reassortant rotavirus, strain R1207, was identified from 74 group A rotaviruses detected in 197 (37.6%) stool samples collected from patients who attended a tertiary care hospital in Ragama, Sri Lanka. This is the first report of a human-porcine reassortant rotavirus in Sri Lanka. The patient was a 12-month-old boy who had been hospitalized with fever and acute diarrhea with a duration of 6 days. The family had pigs at home before the birth of this boy. However, the neighbors still practice pig farming. The genotype constellation of R1207 was G4-P[6]-I1-R1-C1-M1-A1-N1-T1-E1-H1. This is based on the assignment of all the eleven gene segments a full genome-based genotyping system. R1207 showed a 4-2-3-2 genomic electrophoretic migration pattern, which is characteristic of group A rotaviruses. Our analyses revealed that five (NSP2, NSP4, VP1, VP2, and VP7) of the 11 genes were closely related to the respective genes of porcine strains. Although the remaining six genes (NSP1, NSP3, NSP5, VP3, VP4, and VP6) were related to human strains, with the exception of the gene sequence of NSP1, all of these human strains were human-porcine reassortants. With a genogroup 1 genetic backbone, this strain was possibly formed via multiple genetic reassortments. We do not know whether this strain is circulating in pigs, as no data are available on porcine rotaviruses in Sri Lanka. Surveillance should be strengthened to determine the epidemiology of this genotype of rotavirus in Sri Lanka and to assess whether the infection was limited or sustained by ongoing human-to-human transmission.
Surveillance of rotavirus in three hospital settings of Sri Lanka 2007 - 2010
(Sri Lanka College of Microbiologists, 2014) Chandrasena, T.G.A.N.; Rajindrajith, S.; Gunawardena, N.K.; Liyanarachchi, N.; Abeysekera, C.K.; Matsomoto, T.; Yahiro, T.; Nishizono, A.; Ahmed, K.
INTRODUCTION: Rotavirus is an important aetiological agent of childhood diarrhoeas in Sri Lanka. OBJECTIVES: To study the rotavirus epidemiology and genotypic diversity of cases hospitalized in three geographical locations of Sri Lanka, Ragama, Galle and Kandy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study was approved by the ethical review board of the Sri Lanka College of Paediatricians. Stool samples were collected from children < 5 years, hospitalized at the Teaching Hospitals at Ragama (RTH) (November 2007 - October 2010) Galle (GTH) and Kandy (KTH) (mid and late 2008) respectively for acute gastroenteritis. Rotavirus was detected using EIA kit, Rotaclone®. A subset of rotavirus positive samples was genotyped by reverse-transcription(Rt)-PCR and polyacrylamide-gel-electrophoresis (PAGE). RESULTS: Stool samples of 1245 children (69.2%, 23.3% and 7.3% from RTH, GTH and KTH respectively) were screened for rotavirus. Of them, 476 were positive by EIA. The overall rate of prevalence of rotavirus infection was 38.2%. The median age of infection ranged from 13-20 months. Rotavirus genotyping was done on 375 (78.8 %) samples. G1 [P8] was the overall dominant strain (44.8%) followed by G9[P8] (10.1%), G2[P4] (5.3%), G3[P8] (3.2%), G1[P6] (2.1%), G12[P6] (1.3%), G2[P8] (1.06%) and 0.26% of G4[P6], G4[P4] and G4[P8]. The G or P serotype was untypable in 25.6% of samples and 5.6% were of mixed-G and P type. PAGE yeilded 25 electropherotypes (E1-E12 and E16-E29), with E5 and E20 causing 19 and 14 percent of infections respectively. The electropherotype could not be determined in 26%. CONCLUSIONS: Rotavirus continues to be an important cause of childhood diarrhoreas in Sri Lanka. Strain G1P8 predominated in all areas during the surveillance period with a notable percentage of mixed-G and P infections. Multiple E types identified indicate increasing strain diversity