ISSRS 2017

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    Exporting Power: Opportunities and Challenges for India in Fulfilling Sri Lanka’s Energy Demand.
    (1st International Studies Students’ Research Symposium-2017 (ISSRS 2017) ,Department of International Studies, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka., 2017) Fernando, A.L.B.
    India is actively embracing the potential of becoming the regional powerhouse through energy export. Its neighbor Sri Lanka’s total primary energy demand is expected to increase 4.9 % per annum from 2018-2037. While lower cost is the major concern in supplying energy to the local market, today policy makers also consider environmentally friendly power resources. This demand in the energy sector, with focus on renewable energy, is an opportunity for India, which has shown considerable interest in investing in renewable energy sources in recent years. The purpose of this study is to identify the opportunities and challenges India would confront when venturing into the Sri Lankan energy market. It is a qualitative data analysis conducted using secondary data sources. It analyzed the needs of Sri Lanka’s energy market, the role of India as a net exporter of power, the various energy related investment proposed by India, and the prospects for India to play a significant role in the Sri Lanka’s energy supply. The study shows that India’s proven track record with exporting electricity to neighboring Bangladesh and Nepal is testimony to its ability to fulfill the growing demand for energy in Sri Lanka. By investing in Sri Lanka’s energy market, India will benefit by establishing cross border links with neighboring countries, securing energy requirements of the region, and manifesting herself as an emerging energy player. However, India will also face significant local public displeasure at the growing Indian presence in the island while also unsettling neighbors such as China. Sri Lanka will also be suspicious of the geopolitical connotations lying beneath Indian interests and critical about India’s relentless pursuit of energy projects such as in Sampur in the past. The research concludes that India will find ample opportunity for mutual benefit by trading in energy resources with Sri Lanka. Future studies of this work could deeply analyze the pros and cons of depending on India to fulfill Sri Lanka’s energy needs.
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    War and Terrorism in Sri Lanka.
    (1st International Studies Students’ Research Symposium-2017 (ISSRS 2017) ,Department of International Studies, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka., 2017) Munasinghe, P.A.A.D.
    War is so common in the world today, and especially in the third world countries. Many countries in the world are engulfed by war. Civil war, ethnic war, cold war, identity wars have been the cause of ruining human civilizations. First and second world wars, ethnic war in Sri Lanka, Vietnam War etc are some of the examples of wars that have made damages the world is still recovering from. No one has forgotten 9/11. People still live in fear and terror in most of the Islamic countries. Freedom has been ditched and murdered by terrorism all over the world. Terrorism could make it impossible to imagine any free society. Our next generation might end up growing up surrounded by nuclear weapons, terrorism and human genocide. The Sri Lankan Civil War was an armed conflict fought on the island of Sri Lanka. Beginning on 23 July 1983, there was an intermittent insurgency against the government by the Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam, which fought to create an independent Tamil state called Tamil Eelam in the north and the east of the island. After a 26-year military campaign, the Sri Lankan military defeated the Tamil Tigers in May 2009, bringing the civil war to an end. The future for the island of Sri Lanka, however, offers three stark alternatives, kill all remaining Tamils, power-sharing package and partition. Hence, the first choice would not help ease the situation for better. The second alternative is to find a solution that provides guarantees for security, stability and ethnic peace, which can be materialized in ethnically divided societies through restructuring the state system with power sharing. There should be a political appetite among masses for broader peace agendas. Importantly, there needs to be a political regime to pursue peace. Propaganda and marketing not only need to launch war, but also to seek peace. Actually, more aggressive form of propaganda and marketing is needed to seek peace in a society where symbols are sold to pursue war.
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    Migration and Poverty in Sri Lanka: special reference to Polonnaruwa District.
    (1st International Studies Students’ Research Symposium-2017 (ISSRS 2017) ,Department of International Studies, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka., 2017) Ranamuka, R.A.H.K.
    Sri Lanka has inherited a glorious and a proud history. Its’ people have spent simple lifestyles mostly based on agriculture and nurtured many cultural and socio-economic values. With the introduction of the open economy in the 20th century, these attitudes changed dramatically and people became more money oriented in a capitalized society. As a result, they had to find new ways of earning money rather quickly. Migration of people for foreign employment started in such a background. This research mainly focuses on how foreign remittances help to mitigate poverty level in Polonnaruwa district as the main objective. Majority of people in Polonnaruwa district migrate to other countries seeking for employment to come out of the grip of poverty. Majority of them get less income per month. Poverty was increased during civil war period, but at the end of the war people were reasonably well off rather than in the past. There are many rural areas embedded in Polonnaruwa district and they are always fighting with life, because of the higher cost of living. Some people cannot even find their daily expense, and on such a situation people tend to go for overseas jobs. Therefore this research is valuable to study their past life and success of their present life due to migration. Examining the migration family status now and then, reasons of migration, economic background of the family have been taken as specific objectives of this study. Research use both primary and secondary data and also collect the data and utilize both quantitative and qualitative methods. To collect the primary data, questionnaire method will be utilized. Many sources are used to collect the secondary data such as publish and unpublished books, journals, research etc. The findings of this study are migration is taken place to reduce poverty in Polonnaruwa district, and majority of them have migrated due to poverty. The study concludes that as a result of the migration, their family status and the economic background has improved than the past. As the recommendation awareness programs should be implemented to maintain their income after come back to Sri Lanka.
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    Cyber-attacks: The evolving threat landscape in Sri Lanka’s National Security.
    (1st International Studies Students’ Research Symposium-2017 (ISSRS 2017) ,Department of International Studies, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka., 2017) Perera, W.M.Y.
    The 21st century Digital Age where the availability and accessibility of information reaching unprecedented levels has expanded the contexts from which national security challenges can emerge. Sri Lanka being ranked among the top 10 countries in the Asia Pacific impacted by the growing threats to cyber-attacks unveils the vitality to protect its availability of critical infrastructure. Moreover, as a developing nation currently it has a greater possibility of facing an unforeseen vulnerability in cyber-attacks owing to its greater dependence on critical infrastructure, industrial automation and cyber based control systems especially with the adoption of ‘E- Sri Lanka Development’ initiative. Although Sri Lanka claimed its complete territorial sovereignty by eradicating the LTTE terrorists there remains a question whether the country is ready to face emerging threats in the new domain of cyberspace. The objective of this research is to identify the sectors of national security in Sri Lanka that are more prone to cyber-attacks. Moreover, it reviews how the existing law is deficient and what needs to be done to improve network intrusions threatening the National Security. Examining the existing law with globally accepted cyber intrusion analytical models denoted that a comprehensive legal framework is needed to address cyber-attacks. The study is based on qualitative research with the aim of gathering insights on the subject matter including both primary and secondary data. The study found out that, the vulnerability of business and industries to cyber-attacks is increasing and will continue to increase in future, adoption of internet and mobile banking in the banking sector is causing cyber security breaches where banks hardly report for the fear of losing public confidence and inadequate preventive mechanisms and privacy laws to detect cyber-attacks. Sri Lanka’s paradigm shift from eradicating LTTE and securing its physical borders, to cyber space has become the newest national security breach infringing its Political, Economic, Social and Technological spheres.
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    A Study on Sri Lankan Labour Migration to South Korea.
    (1st International Studies Students’ Research Symposium-2017 (ISSRS 2017) ,Department of International Studies, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka., 2017) Wijesooriya, W. A. I. C.
    For decades, the stereotypical Sri Lankan migrant worker has been a low-wage female domestic servant in Saudi Arabia or Lebanon. But the stereotype no longer represents the reality: since the late 1990’s nearly half of the migrant workforce has been male and many migrants are opting for new destinations in Europe and Asia rather than the Middle East. Even well developed countries such as USA and Italy own very less percentage from total migration. The special point is that there is a rapid increase of labour migration to South Korea. Especially people between twenties and thirties are trying to succeed their Korean dream more than migrating to other countries. In 2016, 6629 Sri Lankans have officially gone to work in South Korea, a country with a stable exchange rate and better monetary policy than Sri Lanka and about 26 000 Sri Lankans are in higher-paying jobs in South Korea. Sri Lankans are going to work in Korea in droves, despite labour shortages at home due to low wages and to overcome unemployment. The main question that this research seeks to address is even though there are a number of job opportunities in the Middle East, why most of people exceedingly try to migrate to South Korea. The main purposes of this study are to investigate main reasons and hidden factors for the massive flow of Sri Lankan labour migration to South Korea, to examine the trends, patterns and scales of labour migration to South Korea, to investigate different living conditions of migrant workers before departure and after migration and to examine experiences and difficulties faced by migrant workers in the destination country. This study relies on a mix method by using both primary data and secondary data. Information was collected by interviewing officials and migrants, distributing a questionnaire and referring various literature on labour migration. The research concludes that youth unemployment in Sri Lanka is clearly a pressing issue which pushes them towards other destinations. The majority of those seeking work in Korea were in the 25-30 and also the 20-24 age category. Low income/low wages in Sri Lanka and satisfactory salaries in South Korea are the main reasons cited by the youth for seeking foreign employment in South Korea.
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    Achieving Holistic Peace beyond a Military Victory: case of Sri Lanka.
    (1st International Studies Students’ Research Symposium-2017 (ISSRS 2017) ,Department of International Studies, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka., 2017) Gallage, H.
    The small island state of Sri Lanka is in a period of revival after the end of a civil war which was fought for several decades. The roots of this conflict traces back to certain administrative decisions of colonizers as well as of successive governments which expanded the conflict into a fully-fledged civil war between the Sinhala majority and the Tamil minority represented by the terrorist organization, the Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam. After three decades of persistent fighting the war came to closure in 2009 but the question of peacemaking left to answer was perhaps even more challenging. Eight years after the end of war, elements of violence still prevail which not only make it almost impossible to call the peace gained sustainable and holistic, but also probable for a conflict to resurge. Therefore the objective of this research is to analyze the post-war context of Sri Lanka and thereby determine a holistic model of peace which is sustainable beyond the military victory gained back in 2009. The research takes up a qualitative approach and to that end it gathers secondary data that assess the post-war situation of the country. The analysis is largely based on the theoretical analysis of Johan Galtung’s theory of negative and positive peace in relation to post-war Sri Lanka. A careful assessment of the post-war data of Sri Lanka for the period of 2009-2016 suggests that the peace gained following the military victory is negative while lacking peace in its positive, holistic sense. The research findings manifest that although Sri Lanka has been unified territorially its numerous ethnicities are yet to be reconciled into one tightly knitted inclusive society to create the Sri Lankan nation that transcends narrow ethnic disparities. It also concludes that it may require years of commitment and significant upheaval of the attitudes of the public. But if that can be achieved, its results can be relished by many generations to come who shall not be burdened again with the agonies of war.