ISSRS 2018

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Rise of China as a World Power; Implications on USA
(2nd International Studies Students’ Research Symposium – 2018, Department of International Studies, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka, 2018) Wijesinghe, H.P.D.K.
China has been currently pursuing its national interests through its global workout of economic and soft power as it projects a non-aggressive, friendly diplomacy to states in the world. China is utilizing its soft power plan to stimulate its own national interests, rather than becoming a direct challenge to the USA. The main objective of this research is to find out the actions that have been taken by China to become a world power. Specific objectives are to determine threats imposed by China on the USA and to determine how other states respond to China’s rise in the international system. As the world’s second-largest economy after the USA, China is constantly growing and widening its influence around the globe. Rise of China has influenced countries such as Japan, USA, India, South Korea, Russia and Taiwan. The research is based on qualitative and quantitative secondary data relevant to the researched topic. A world power is defined as a country that has global influence over others in cultural, technological, military and political spheres, and China is emerging as a strong contender for the position. China being a member of the United Nations Security Council and member of many other recognized international organizations has achieved its global status as a great power. USA is afraid about its powerful position in the international system due to this rise of China and USA is trying their best to balance the power of China either by soft power or hard power. The rapid growth of China’s GDP has raised questions, especially in the United States – about how China might use that power. The Chinese elite is very sensitive to and keen on the pursuit of international status for their nation. The strong Chinese interest in international status comes from a combination of cultural, historical, social and contemporary political sources. Escalating political tension between the USA and China leads many to wonder “Is China the next Superpower? As the findings of this research, there are many implications of China’s rise on the USA based on its national interests in political, economic and military spheres. These implications impact on the USA either positively or negatively. The USA has implemented an engagement policy to counter China’s rise based on ‘peaceful development’. Strategies used by the USA to counter China’s rise is much important for future relations between two nations and their stature in the international system.
A study on India and China Relations
(2nd International Studies Students’ Research Symposium – 2018, Department of International Studies, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka, 2018) Jayamali, K.M.C.
This paper concerns the big issue of our time: the rise of India and China and the challenges faced by them. As the emerging powers of Asia, both India and China enter into the power game and they try to safeguard their position in the Asian continent. They struggle for future leadership. China is a fast-growing country and India's powerful neighbor. There is a strategic competition between India and China in the Indian Ocean. But still, India and China maintain their normal relations. But both India and China need to emerge as the major powers of the Indo-pacific. Sometimes their relations become more difficult. Their power capabilities, wealth and national interest come in front in that sense. China's growing presence of Indian Ocean, as well as the South Asian region, became an important strategic involvement. But India wants to become the leader in South Asia and also India has the priority to become the leader. The data has been collected under the qualitative method and analysis has been done with SWOT and theoretical analysis. In this research focus on contemporary diplomatic relations and security-related issues between India and China. China and India are the traditional states with the traditional issues and increase the mistrust and hostility between those giants. It became the serious damage to their friendship and especially it negatively impacted on smaller states in South Asia.
Economic Revival of Germany: A New Economic Hegemon in the European Union (Post World War II)
(2nd International Studies Students’ Research Symposium – 2018, Department of International Studies, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka, 2018) Kulathunga, K.D.
After the Second World War, countries of the European Union had collapse and their economies have severely damaged. Because of this, they had to face an economic recession. To face this great depression different countries adopted different economic models and political economic policies. But Germany is the only country which was recovered stronger and quicker, when compared to other countries. This economic recovery known as “Wirtschaftswunder”. According to the political economic performances of the Germany, without a doubt, it has achieved a remarkable millstone in development process. Therefore, the problem of this study is, how Germany was able to achieve economic stability and economic growth, compared with other European countries. Based on the research problem, objectives of the research are to identify the German hegemonic role in the European Union and to explore the development policies which have been implemented to enhance Germany’s economic growth and stability in past Second World War scenario. To conduct this research, qualitative and quantitative methods have been used. Due to the difficulty of gathering primary data, because this research is based on another country, secondary data have been used. IMF economic statistics data used to analyze and examine the rapid economic growth of Germany compared to other states in the European Union. This study used the descriptive analytical tools and techniques to analyze the data. From this study we can learn how Germany recovered from these major crises by adopting and implying economic theories and in the future, we can apply these theoretical findings of the research to contribute to the economically struggling nations to strengthen their economy
US Strategic Interests in Sri Lanka
(2nd International Studies Students’ Research Symposium – 2018, Department of International Studies, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka, 2018) Sakunthala, P.M.N.
The term Geopolitics oriented as a subject in middle twentieth centuries. Indian Ocean Region (IOR) became more significant in geopolitics and the region becoming a ground for a power play among major powers based on their interests. Sri Lanka is one of the strategically important country, which is situated in the South Asian continent. After the independence in 1948 from the British colonial rule Sri Lanka became a sovereign country with a rule of democratic political traditions. The geographical diversity increases the considerations of the international community. Sri Lanka located in the centre of the Indian Ocean and middle of the Silk route. Bothe Western and Eastern countries became closed to Sri Lanka and conducting bilateral, multilateral diplomatic relations. Their large trading programmes and development projects are still in operation. The United States of America, as the super power of the international system became very close friend of Sri Lanka since its independence. The relationships between both two countries were highly sharped with the democratic traditions, trade, military assistance and economic development projects. As a small country, Sri Lanka enjoying many advantages behalf of with US but there is a hidden and covert interests under these US involvements. The research takes up a qualitative approach and describes the real interests of US in Sri Lanka using secondary data collection methods. In the terms of methodology using in this research, this research is significant as it is a descriptive research and some kind of exploratory related research based on case study. The research findings may base on to discuss the strategic significances that affect to the shape of US foreign policy and find the positive or negative effects of such US involvements. And also, it concludes the real situation in third world countries with the pressure of neo liberal political and economic policies in the modern era
New Trends of US-Sri Lanka Diplomatic Relations
(2nd International Studies Students’ Research Symposium – 2018, Department of International Studies, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka, 2018) Malsha, N.K.
The 70th anniversary of US-Sri Lankan diplomatic relations was celebrated in 2018. The diplomatic relations between the US and Sri Lanka are mainly based on mutual interests, a shared commitment to the ideals of democratic governance, progress and development. The US has prioritized sovereignty, moderate nonaligned foreign policy, and support for Sri Lankan unity, territorial integrity, democracy and socio-economic development through their foreign policy towards Sri Lanka. The US can be distinguished as the largest trading partner of Sri Lanka. In this study new trends of US-Sri Lanka diplomatic relations were examined with a perspective of Sri Lankan citizen. The US is the super power in this international system. Therefore, Sri Lanka much more needs mechanisms, strong and strategic foreign policies when engage with the US. Dynamic nature and fluctuations are reflected in the United States- Sri Lanka diplomatic relations from 2005 to 2018. These dynamics have negatively consequence on US-Sri Lanka diplomatic relations. Therefore, the factors which constrained diplomatic relations can reflect in bi lateral diplomatic relations due to considerable reasons during the time period of 2005-2018. The main objective of this research study is to evaluate the reasons for these dynamics of diplomatic relations between the US and Sri Lanka. This article is based on qualitative secondary data obtained from online articles and other sources such as E-books, E-reports, some journals published by various institutions related to US-Sri Lankan relations. The study scope is to identify the economic and political relations between both actors from 2005 to 2018. The research findings manifest that US- Sri Lankan relations are largely based on development assistant and human rights. It also concludes that both countries can uplift their relations through mutual understanding
Socio-economic Impacts of Border Disputes: Special Reference to Gaza Issue in Palestine
(2nd International Studies Students’ Research Symposium – 2018, Department of International Studies, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka, 2018) Rathnasiri, K.M.A.N.
Considering the world history that witnessed many wars in previous century in one country seek to impose its power on other but in less war. This research studies one of the most complicated ongoing conflicts in the world about the Israeli-Palestinian conflict. For many centuries in the past objective has been to remove a nation from its territory or homeland and to introduce another different race to occupy its land. This uniqueness try to the Palestine struggle a distracted quality which accepts no similarity to any other war in modem history. The research focuses to identify socio-economic impacts of boarder disputes and special reference to study Gaza issue in Palestine. The study tries to present in depth review of major events which happened during the conflict and grounded on both positive and negative ideas of this matter. The socio and economic impacts are based on many aspects and the conflict and its consequences play a huge role in their strengthening or weakening. This research is entirely based on secondary data since only secondary data will be analyzed using content analyzes the research assume a qualitative approach. Research objectives will be achieved in the several theories, approaches and concepts, especially through the international relations theories using such Realism, Marxism and Constructivism to clarify in depth the reasons for the current struggle. The study is limited to the events and incidents that happened from 1948 to 2018. Different countries, important political figures, international organizations and other powerful entities tried to implement a resolution for the conflict by different means for many years. Unfortunately, peace was not an option. In the study number of key findings which are Adverse economic shocks to the Palestinian labor markets were important triggers to the violence in the second Intifada and The construction of the West Bank wall is the most robust correlate with violence in the post-Intifada period that include different aspects of relations among the two sides of the conflict
One Belt One Road Initiative
(2nd International Studies Students’ Research Symposium – 2018, Department of International Studies, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka, 2018) Subasinghe, S.M.A.N.Y.
China is an emerging super power and it’s expected to be emerging as super power by 2050. To fulfill their ambition, it is very important to enhance their power and economic advancement. Therefore, they established a new strategy named ‘One Belt One Road’. It is introduced by President Xi Jinping in 2013. OBOR is China’s broadly sketch vision of how it plans to develop and cooperate between different countries in Asia, Europe and Africa. It has two main routes. They are the land based economic belt and the twenty first century maritime silk route. According to many scholars Belt Road Initiative is a new type of marshal plan. It is an influential strategy in the contemporary world and through this strategy they wish to enhance their economy, as well as the world peace. It is based on a Win-win situation. Therefore, every participant states may get same benefits. The main purpose of this study is to explore implication of One Belt One Road and describes the economic, political, social and environmental aspects. SWOT analysis has been used to examine the strength, weaknesses, opportunities, threats and challenges to China and it emphasize the impacts of OBOR to the USA. The research take up a qualitative approach and to that end up it gathered secondary data particularly through conference proceedings, various documents of government, books, journal articles, magazine articles, and various websites of internet. OBOR is an ongoing strategy. It engages with more than sixty states and it is an influential factor to the world. According to China this strategy based on win-win situation. But there can identify some hiding expectation. Through this amazing strategy China is going to be the challenger of the existing super power. This study is significant in way of foreign relations and the power status of China in future
Power of Hallyu: Change in Sri Lankan Perception towards South Korea
(2nd International Studies Students’ Research Symposium – 2018, Department of International Studies, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka, 2018) Fernando, A.
“Hallyu” or the Korean Wave refers to the surge in the international visibility of Korean culture, beginning in East Asia in the 1990s and continuing more recently in Asia, the United States, Latin America, the Middle East, and parts of Europe. Korean popular culture ranges from Korean music (K-pop), dramas (K-drama), movies, video games, food, fashion, tourism, and language (Hangul). Until recent times, images and information about South Korea were not familiar to Sri Lankans as Sri Lanka does not share any significant historical or cultural relations with South Korea. Images associated with South Korea are generally negative and related to events such as the Korean War, cycles of poverty and political instability. The main focus of this paper is to examine the effect of Hallyu on the Sri Lankan public perception towards South Korea. It will compare and contrast the attitudes of consumers and non-consumers of Korean popular culture on the subject of their feelings towards South Korea and Korean society. This Study uses qualitative data obtained through interviews from the selected samples regarding their thoughts related to Hallyu, K-pop, Korean culture, wider issues related to society, culture, and attitude towards South Korea. This paper will attempt to answer whether Hallyu has been capable of influencing Sri Lankan audiences through dissemination of attractive images of Korea. The findings conclude that the constant consumption of Korean popular cultural products has indeed affected the image Sri Lankans have towards South Korea in a positive way, by improving their knowledge and perception of South Korea. It also has also urged the consumers to travel to South Korea, learn the language and build social networks with the Koreans. The importance of this study rests on the power of popular culture to influence an individual's attitudes
India’s Hegemonic Power Position in South Asia
(2nd International Studies Students’ Research Symposium – 2018, Department of International Studies, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka, 2018) Rangika Prabhani, H.M.
South Asia is the southern region of the Asian continent and extends from the major part of the continent to the Indian Ocean. South Asia typically consists of India, Sri Lanka, Bhutan, Bangladesh, the Maldives, Nepal, and Pakistan. One important aspect of change is the emergence of India as the region’s predominant military power. India is a main country of the South Asian region and it is the world second most populous country in the world. India is the world’s most popular democracy and fastest growing major economic country which has the third largest army force. India dominates the whole area geographically. India is the only country that shares a large coastline with all other six states while none of them have common borders with each other. The purpose of the study to identify India’s hegemonic position and its influence on smaller states in the South Asian Region. India is position is significant in bringing stability to the region. The region has confronted with conflicts and political instability including wars between the region’s two nuclear-armed states. Most of time India work as big brother providing stability to the region. This study examines the reason, why India has become a hegemonic state in South Asia and how it has an impact in smaller states security in the region and reactions of smaller states in South Asia Secondary data were collected which is the appropriate topic and consider qualitative data analysis. The study shows that the position of India in the South Asian region and determines the involvement of internal matters of other countries in the region. The research concludes the India emergence as a hegemonic power in the South Asian region, it has been a threat to other South Asian countries. It is the huge problem in the region. The expansions of India’s power, perceived by neighbors as a threat. Therefore, smaller states in the region try to build up a friendly relationship with extra-regional powers. However smaller states of the South Asia region perceived India as a threat to their survival
South Asian Regionalism need to be Reinvigorate; A Study on SAARC
(2nd International Studies Students’ Research Symposium – 2018, Department of International Studies, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka, 2018) Jayasinghe, N.D.
Regionalism is one of the prominent phenomenon in modern International politics. Focusing to the South Asian region, South Asia is the world’s most densely populated region with the richest varieties of natural resources and consist of eight countries namely India, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, Maldives, Bhutan, Nepal, Bangladesh and Afghanistan .with the intention of promoting the concept of regional cooperation South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC) has been established in 1985 with the main concerns to fulfill the Socio economics and political intentions of member states. In the three decades of its existence SAARC unable to fulfill its promises to the region and the research aims to find out the ineffectiveness of SAARC and to evaluate necessity of proper functioning regional organization to the South Asia. By referring to the qualitative data which was collected from both printed and electronic documents which including Books journals, webs and present periodicals it was founded that law intra-regional trade and infrastructure, poverty, issues in South Asian Free Trade Agreement (SAPTA) and South Asian Free Trade Area (SAFTA), Ineffective role on counter terrorism and human rights issues were evidences to prove that SAARC was an elusive regional organization and bilateral political issues among member countries ,strategic dissonance, domestic conflicts, economic disparities and economic and political relations of member states with extra regional powers were the factors that affect for the ineffectiveness of SAARC. Analysis done between elusive nature and impediments to the elusive nature of SAARC it was recognize that south Asian regionalism needs to be reinvigorate and power balance among the member states, diplomatic and new economic strategies can be used to strengthen the regionalism in south Asia and following up a common road map of political and economic integration is the most suitable mechanism to success the concept of regionalism in South Asia
Post-War Reconciliation in Sri Lanka
(2nd International Studies Students’ Research Symposium – 2018, Department of International Studies, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka, 2018) Meegahapola, R.A.
Sri Lanka as developing country in the Asian region, has experienced on 3 decades ethnic conflict within the country. These 30 years ethnic crisis between Sri Lankan government and LTTE caused to build ethnically collapsed nation and it also caused to tarnish the good image of the country. Despite many theories and analysis to rebuild the society with renew relations, still there are many lacking part behind the reconciliation process in Sri Lanka. Therefore, the purpose of conducting this research study is to cover the different roots that lead to Sri Lankan society to such a long term war, also finds out the governments’ effort to rebuild the collapsed nation and at the same time examines success of governments’ effort on reconciliation process. There are several causes which have supported to build sever offences between two ethnicities, especially government political reforms after the independence and during the S.W.R.D. Bandaranaike period severely affected to make adversary ideas within Tamil minority. This study is based on primary data which is collected by using questionnaire method, as well as qualitative secondary data and mainly depend on reconciliation process since 2009 to 2017. The theoretical analysis of the study largely based on bottom-up and top-down process. Through this theory try to understand competency of the reconciliation process to reinforce the collapsed nation. Research findings manifest that even though many reconciliation processes have been implemented by the two regimes, still government of Sri Lanka could not establish everlasting peace within the society. Because of that there are many consequences of the war still prevailing in the society and try to harm the freedom of the country. Therefore, the peace which the country gained in 2009 can recognize as a vulnerability peace. Hence, to establish everlasting peace within Sri Lankan context there should be strong mechanisms to listen to people and build cooperation within Sri Lanka
Economic Potential of Sri Lanka as a Business Hub in the Indian Ocean Region: Study Focused on Blue Economy Concept
(2nd International Studies Students’ Research Symposium – 2018, Department of International Studies, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka, 2018) Jayawardane, B.A.I.M.
The concept of Blue economy describes the strategic and sustainable use of marine resources for development of the economy and wellbeing of humans. The concept of blue economy is a sub section of “Green economy concept". Blue economy links directly to the sustainable development of States. The term was introduced as a concept, by Gunter Pauli and the term emerged in the global scale after Rio+20 summit. The concept, mostly suits for Island States and least developed countries. This describes about a pathway to conserve the environment while boosting the economy. Diminished resources on land signifies the need of blue economy concept. The concept benefits to States by creating new employment and boosting coastal and national economies. Shipping and transport, seabed exploration, blue biotechnology, ocean renewable energy, fisheries, aquaculture, coastal tourism are the included priority areas of blue economy. Major economies of the world like China, European Union, United States, and Great Britain have adopted blue economy to their national strategy and gained higher GDP growth. Particularly, Sri Lanka as an Island State and being located in a significant geostrategic location has gifted with the ability to perform as a business hub in the region. The main aim of this study is to identify the potentials of blue economy and to discover, does Sri Lanka has utilized the available blue economy potentials in a sustainable manner. The study will takes up Qualitative approach and descriptive analysis. Primary data was collected by conducting interviews, distributing questionnaires and observation. Journals, books and other sorts of printed media provided secondary data to the study. The study uncovers the poor consideration of ocean health and marine resources and defects of policies which are connected to blue sector. Therefore, Sri Lanka need to enhance the blue economy industries by taking special consideration to ocean health and also Sri Lanka should be more interactive in the region to promote blue economy and to become a business hub in the Indian Ocean region by adopting policies which benefits to national interest of Sri Lanka
The Economic Impact of Multinational Corporations on the Developing Countries: with special reference to South Asia
(2nd International Studies Students’ Research Symposium – 2018, Department of International Studies, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka, 2018) Wickramasinghe, W.M.M.D.
Multinational Corporations (MNCs) play an important role in the contemporary global economy. Therefore, it is a major issue in the process of economic development, especially in developing countries. The term "MNC” which includes corporations operating on the international and transnational level. Historically, MNCs are closely linked with colonialism and imperialism. In addition, MNCs originate in the industrialized countries and they have become the buzzword of globalization. Hence, this research explores the impact of MNCs effects on the economic situation of developing countries. The analysis is based on the case study with the selected sample; Unilever in Sri Lanka, Coca-Cola in India, KFC in Pakistan, and Chevron (petroleum industry) in Bangladesh. This research uses secondary data in order to identify economic effects and economic development by MNCs in developing countries, especially in South Asia. Moreover, it concerns host countries policy towards MNCs. As per the findings, developing countries adopted more open policies towards MNCs during the 1980s. Therefore, MNCs enter host countries by using different strategies such as FDI. Further, they always are profit-oriented and enjoy command over enormous financial resources for investment and their entry into developing countries make a transfer of funds from developed countries to developing countries. They generate employment, increase national income, and improve the managerial standards and entrepreneurial abilities of the host countries. However, they earn higher incomes, but the consumption of improved quality goods and services to people in poorer regions. Contrariwise, MNCs activities displace local producers and spoil small domestic enterprises. Because MNCs maintain huge cost for marketing more than production. Further, they do not give chance to any other domestic company to compete with them. Because they control the global economic market. In conclusion, this study highlights more benefits and relationship between MNCs and economic growth and development of developing countries. Therefore, the economic involvement of MNCs is important to South Asian countries as a developing region
Nation Branding and its Impact on Enhancing National Image: Special Reference to Australia
(2nd International Studies Students’ Research Symposium – 2018, Department of International Studies, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka, 2018) Sachikala, I.P.Y.N.
Today the world can be seen as a huge potential market as a result of globalization. In this context nation branding concept and its practice is a comprehensive and exciting text. This is a field of theory and practice which aims to build, manage and measure the reputation of nations. Nation brand is the total sum of all perceptions of a nation which may contain some of the following elements; people, place, culture, language, history, food, fashion, global brands etc. Nation branding appears to be practiced by many countries including the United States, Canada, France, United Kingdom, and Taiwan. Many nations try to make brands in order to build relationships between different actors that are not restricted to nations. It extends to public and private sector in a nation and help with nationalism. The objective of this study is to clarify the nation branding concept especially in six dimensions and examine how it helps to increase national image special reference to Australia. This study about the measure the index and nationalism. The research takes up a qualitative approach and to that end it gathers secondary data. The analysis is largely based on the theoretical analysis of Simon Anholt theory of the application of marketing strategies to individual countries. Countries have always been brand based on their unique identities. The research finding that manifest that a positive country brand provides a crucial advantage by helping to restore lapsed international credibility. As also branding may also increase international political influence and facilitate stronger international partnerships
The role of India and Pakistan on Escalation of Kashmir conflict
(2nd International Studies Students’ Research Symposium – 2018, Department of International Studies, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka, 2018) Welhenage, S.M.
Kashmir conflict is a serious conflict happened in International system. India and Pakistan got freedom from British Colonialism in 1947. The problem was about 650 princely states controlled by different individuals. Kashmir was one of the largest princely state. India and Pakistan both claim for the ownership of area of Kashmir. Rivalry between India and Pakistan has been a major cause of concern in regard to peace in the two states from 1947. This thesis explores different aspects of the two countries in Kashmir that has become the most dangerous issue not only in South Asia but also in the world. The main objective of this study is to identify the role of India and Pakistan on escalation of Kashmir conflict. And also apply some main theories related to this study. And furthermore, looking at the historical background of the conflict and furthermore, consider about the causes and effects of Kashmir conflicts. Finally, provide the policy recommendations to resolve the conflict. This study is a case study. It based on Qualitative research approach. It utilizes secondary data from different sources such as, Academic articles, Books, Magazines, Internet resources etc. Therefore, this study uses the content analysis methods. This is still unresolved problem in world. This study ultimately makes some policy recommendations to resolve this conflict, such as, Inclusion of Kashmir people in the talks, stereotyping perceptions eliminated, constructively address grievances and problems, Neutralization of militants. This conflict strictly impacted to the relationship among India and Pakistan. It blemishes the bilateral relationship among these countries
Sri Lnaka’s Foreign Policy under Mahinda Rajapaksha
(2nd International Studies Students’ Research Symposium – 2018, Department of International Studies, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka, 2018) Madhushani, M.J.N.
Foreign policy of a country is a significant mechanism which can be used for the advancement of interests of a specific country or a state. Unlike domestic policy it operates in an international atmosphere where the actions and behavior of other states. Since 1948 Sri Lanka had experienced two types of regime governance like United National Party and Sri Lanka Freedom Party. In every country there can be a change of the foreign policy due to the regime changes. Mahinda Rajapaksha was the 05th executive president of Sri Lanka from (2005-2009) -(2009-2015). He represented the SLFP party. Though there were successes of his foreign policy approach can see some weaknesses and failures in his second period as the president. The objectives of this study is to discuss the successes and to identify the failures of foreign policy under Rajapaksha regime, to explore what conditions led to foreign policy failures under Rajapaksha regime and to discuss what are the strategies taken by Mahinda Rajapaksha government to restore these failed relations.. And to examine foreign policy strategies used by Rajapaksha regime to restore failed relations with special reference to India and the United States. The methodology that has followed for the study is qualitative in nature while only based on secondary data and used descriptive as well as content analysis. This study is limited to the events and situations that happened in Sri Lankan foreign relations from (2005-2015). The research findings evident that he faced for difficulties while having relations with India and the United States. It also concludes that though Mahinda Rajapaksha had to face for difficulties he was able to have successful relations with India and the United States from 2005 to 2015
The Impact of the Kashmir Conflict on Indo-Pakistan Relations and Security Implications of South Asia
(2nd International Studies Students’ Research Symposium – 2018, Department of International Studies, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka, 2018) Munasinghe, P.A.A.D.
This dissertation offers an evidence of latest bilateral relations of India and Pakistan in the context of the Kashmir conflict. Looking at the historical background of the conflict, it explains how the Kashmir conflict has become a thorn in the bilateral relations of India and Pakistan. Through an examination of the Indian-Pakistan peace process, this recommend why the Kashmir conflict still defies a solution and analyse the self-help measures undertaken by both countries and assess the prospect for a future war in the region. By examining the regime sorts, institutional mistrust, and also the economic co-operation and competition of each countries, explore the character of the bilateral relationship and its impact on the South Asian region and specifically assess the doable negotiated resolution to the Kashmir conflict. Finally argue that as long as both India and Pakistan hold close their historically entrenched positions, there is hardly any probability for permanent peace in Kashmir, thereby complicating their strategic stance in the region. Then draw upon the theories of Neo-Realism and Neo-Liberalism to clarify outcomes towards peace initiatives between India and Pakistan, and also the implications for South Asia. Then select three specific ideas advanced by neo-realists and neoliberal theorists to explore and justify the three principles of this study: the Balance of Power, Security and Economic Co-operation. Institutional mistrust, totally different regime types, competition in non-traditional areas, continuing insurgency, has delayed a peaceful resolution of the Kashmir conflict. After the Mumbai attack, India has diverted additional more national resources into fighting terrorism. Continuing border clashes, the nuclear arms race, and terrorism have heightened the tension on the subcontinent, despite the talk of resuming the dialogue in 2011. It additional affects the efforts of rising economic and trade relations between both countries that would have led to more co-operative postures between both countries and for South Asia. An equal importance is the continuous rivalry with a much smaller power, Pakistan, and over Afghanistan is a bane to peace initiative
Sri Lankan Female Domestic Workers in Middle East: Issues, Challenges and Way Forward
(2nd International Studies Students’ Research Symposium – 2018, Department of International Studies, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka, 2018) Nadeesha Hashani, D.
The movement of women as domestic workers is a disputable issue in Sri Lanka. Every year, over a million women migrate for employment, the majority of these migrants are domestic workers. Sri Lanka is known as one of the largest labour exporting countries in South Asia at present and the majority of labour migrants are women who migrate as domestic workers to the Middle East. According to reports, recent interviews and statements given by women who have worked in the Middle East as domestic workers are struggling with many issues. The main objective of this research is, to identify the problems faced by Sri Lankan women housemaids in the Middle East. And also suggest appropriate policy recommendations. Specific objectives are to identify the factors that affect or those issues, to make aware people about the issues facing women domestic workers in the Middle East. Primary and secondary data will be used in this research. Primary data will be collected through interviews and questioner filled by the victims who have experience in this situation. Secondary data collected through academic journals, books and other web-based academic publications which have been published relevant to this study. The qualitative methodology will be used to analyze these data. This study will be limited to the Middle East because most of the Sri Lankan women are working in the Middle East. This research is timely significant to Sri Lanka because in the one hand this kind of situations is badly affected to the bilateral relationships with Middle East countries. Therefore, not only this research significant and valid but also timely
Significance of India’s LGBT Rights Movement on Its Society
(2nd International Studies Students’ Research Symposium – 2018, Department of International Studies, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka, 2018) Bulegoda Arachchi, S.T.
Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender (LGBT) rights have emphasized and recognized as a significant issue in contemporary world. This is a controversial phenomenon; one of the most fundamental LGBT rights, for example, same sex marriage has been legalized in locales within North and South America, Netherlands, Canada, Spain, Europe, and Africa. These developments have further helped spread the globalization of discourse on LGBT rights into many parts of the world, including the South Asian region. This study attempts to discuss the evolution and the Significance of India’s LGBT rights movement and to analyze its trends and implication on the diverse and highly cultural Indian society. The study is a qualitative case study research based on secondary data, and the main sources of data collection includes e-books, research articles, reports, journals, e-journals and scholarly articles. As far as India is concerned, it is diverse and based heavily on social and cultural norms. Due to the lack of sexual literacy, contemporary Indian culture has been discriminating the LGBT rights for a long period of time. However today as a new trend India has taken huge step forward to adopt LGBT rights without discriminating it. This progressive approach in India, with regards to human rights in general and LGBT rights in particular has a direct and positive impact on other Asian countries. The immediate effect of globalization factor and the Other LGBT movements around the world has also made a huge impact to mold the Indian LGBT rights movement. The rise of the educated middle-class society which has a broad mind about modern world is also a fundamental reason for these new trends. As per the new statistics about Indian literacy rate shows that it is increasing gradually.
U.S. Involvement in South China Sea
(2nd International Studies Students’ Research Symposium – 2018, Department of International Studies, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka, 2018) Dissanayaka, R.P.M.Y.
In many times the United States involved in many conflicts in all around the world. South China Sea is another conflicting area which has not found a suitable solution to resolve the dispute. As the rebalancing of U.S. control towards the Asia-Pacific happens, the potential for struggle has expanded in the South China Sea because of China's self-assuredness. Accordingly, the United States has made its expectations obvious about its objectives in the area. As an emerging partner, the Vietnam is the most resistant petitioner in the regional debate and has effectively tried to reinforce its military and security partnership as a counter balance to overwhelming Chinese military predominance. Therefore, the main objective of this study is to examine the game among core players of this dispute and their policies and strategies in this issue. This study also aims to study on provocations and challenges which emerges in this dispute. The findings of this study manifest that the relationships of USA with Eat-Asian countries has caused to China’s instigating and provocative role in the region as long as U.S. maintain close connection with these countries. This study takes up a qualitative approach and completely based on secondary data. To suggests the suitable policy options to resolve the dispute this study analyze the possible impacts of this territorial dispute. A SWOT analysis is a better way to identify strengths and weakness, opportunities and threats of each countries which are involved in this dispute. According to this analysis countries can find available options especially United Sates to avoid the security threats in the region and thereby this study recommended available options to resolve this dispute immediately and establish the peace and security in the region