4th ICLIM - 2021

Permanent URI for this collectionhttp://repository.kln.ac.lk/handle/123456789/24416

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The Academic Library Support for E-Learning: Students’ Perspectives and Web Observation
(Department of Library and Information Science, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka, 2021) Perera, W.P.G.L; Suraweera, S.A.D.H.N.
In today's digital age, ICTs have become an influence for the education sector, which has created exceptional learning experiences through virtual platforms. E-learning is capable of widening access materials, equality, reducing cost, improving quality, flexibility and maintaining interactive learning in university education. University education is geared towards teaching, learning and students are adept at new knowledge and information. Academics and information professionals help them develop information to enhance their knowledge in specific areas. The academic library is the largest provider of educational information and resources. In the e-learning context, the university library has a huge role and should directly support the educational process as well as research by providing facilities. University libraries continue to offer services that build on traditional learning. It also needs to improve how we support virtual users. Digital natives tend to learn virtually, and library services need to expand to support them. This study was conducted in advance of the COVID-19 pandemic to determine the status of academic library support and e-learning initiatives from a student perspective. The quantitative methodology was applied with the data gathering through a questionnaire from undergraduates. However, e-learning has rapidly changed in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. It has also resulted in a sudden transformation of library services. To validate the study results, of the research, the web observation has been added and to determine the recent development of library support for e-learning. The results of the study show that students expect library services through multimedia mode and expect on-line guide sessions on the use of modern technological facilities, information retrieval facilities for distance learning. It appears that the user expects to have access to information in a highly flexible and timely manner.
An Analytical Study on the Role of Legal Deposit Law in Sri Lanka in Building a National Collection
(Department of Library and Information Science, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka, 2021) Sanjeewani, M.D.S.M
Legal Deposit Law is enforced in almost every country with the aim of establishing bibliographic control of publications in a particular country and the formation of a national collection associated with it. This research concern that the legal deposit law in Sri Lanka plays a sufficient role in building the national collection. The main purpose of this study is to study about role of the legal deposit law of Sri Lanka. Other objectives are to study the legal deposit law in Sri Lanka and its origin, to study the systematic development of the legal deposit law, to identify the composition of the legal deposit collection. In this case, qualitative research methodology has been used and the case study method has been used as a research method. The authority of the legal deposit law in the country is National Archives of Sri Lanka. Therefore, the function of the registration section of books and newspapers of the National Archives of Sri Lanka has been studied. Data were collected through ordinances related to the legal deposit law, legal statutes and statistical reports, observations and interviews. Data analysis was performed by reporting and summarizing. The legal deposit law of Sri Lanka places the responsibility of the publishing industry entirely on the printer. There are instances where printers did not provide copies. It is clear that a complete national collection will not be created by not giving copies. It was found that non-print media are not covered by the Legal Deposit Law. Accordingly, the objectives of the legal deposit law in Sri Lanka should be amended and re-interpreted. Also it should focus to legislate inclusion of non-print media for the coverage of publications under the Legal Deposit Law of Sri Lanka and to make provisions for the implementing of an electronic deposit collection.
Assessing Information Poverty on COVID 19 among Housewives in Kerala
(Department of Library and Information Science, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka, 2021) Hasbi, Alikunjuand; Anila, Sulochana
People around the world have been facing the hard times of the COVID 19 pandemic. As it is important to get updated about COVID 19, the researchers intended to analyse the information needs of housewives in Kerala in India and the sources adopted by them for the same. The COVID 19 information needs of housewives considered for the paper are COVID 19 symptoms, virus transmission, preventive measures, test methods, vaccinations, quarantine rules, travelling advice, daily positive cases, death rates, test positivity rates and variants. In addition, the study evaluates information poverty of the population under consideration on COVID 19, so that it assessed the factors affecting the information poverty of them. 196 housewives responded to the structured questionnaire. The major finding of this study is housewives in Kerala experience some sort of information poverty on COVID 19, primarily it is due to lack of ICT infrastructure and skills for using it. As women are the prominent caregivers of the family, it is more necessary to eradicate information poverty on COVID 19 by providing more ICT infrastructure and imparting more skills development programmes.
Awareness of the Understanding on the utility of the Palm Leaf Manuscripts: a comparative study
(Department of Library and Information Science, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka, 2021) Somananda, B,; Weerasinghe, M.K
The recent advances in the information and communication technology world, have transformed the role of local and foreign education sectors. When considering the local education system, it is clear that the indigenous qualities we have inherited from our ancestors should be preserved in an era of decay. Indigenous knowledge is far more spoken of and holds higher value than just knowledge itself. Across the world, special attention is focused not just on knowledge, but on indigenous knowledge. Therefore, it must be acknowledged that the words and the ideas of the indigene are of great importance. Indigenous knowledge, rather than traditional knowledge, is a cultural heritage of every human society. Thus, indigenous knowledge is specific to a particular geographical area. That indicates that, the knowledge possessed by the people living within a certain geographical area or region is their traditional knowledge or indigenous knowledge. Sri Lanka: a country which has an ancient history in writing traditions preserves its uniqueness through palm leaf manuscripts. It can be considered that palm leaf manuscripts have vastly contributed in the process of presenting the local historical knowledge from generation to generation. The Palm Leaf Manuscripts contain a wealth of knowledge related to various subject areas. The research asked whether Sri Lankan university students were aware of Palm Leaf Manuscripts. It examined the students' understanding on why Palm Leaf Manuscripts are a locally valued heritage that should be preserved. A sample of undergraduates from the Department of Library and Information Science, History and Archeology from the University of Kelaniya was obtained for this purpose. The main data collection instrument used was the questionnaire method, and primary data was collected through distributing the questionnaire to the undergraduates of each department using the random sampling method. Secondary data was collected through the printed sources which were considered relevant to the research. Data analysis showed that they had a general understanding of Palm Leaf Manuscripts.
Best practices in library services - a case study of nirmala college for women, coimbatore, tamilnadu
(Department of Library and Information Science, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka, 2021) Jaculine Mary, M
Libraries and information centers play a vital role in enhancing the learning experience, providing students with all the resources and services they need to expand the horizon of their intelligence. At present there are many best practices followed in academic libraries to improve the quality of services and specialization offered. This paper is mainly focused on various best practices, like optimization of resource utilization, value added services, training offered to use E-resources, Best Library User Award, competitions, counseling center providing guidance for students to prepare for competitive examinations, book exhibition, orientation for the freshers etc, followed in the Nirmala Central Library. The findings are based on a random survey conducted during the year 2019-2020 to find out the students’ satisfaction level with the library resources and services in utilizing library resources. This article will promote awareness about the resources, services and facilities available and maximize the end users for academic purposes.
Bibliographic Control of Urdu Publications in India: Current Status and Trends
(Department of Library and Information Science, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka, 2021) Ashraf, N.; Harinder, Pal Singh Kalra
This attempt has been made to find out the current status of bibliographic control of Urdu publications in India and the work being done on its bibliographic control in 16 state Urdu academies of India. The National Library of India, Kolkata working as national bibliographic agency and state Urdu academies, which are autonomous bodies of their respective states are responsible for the growth and promotion of the Urdu language in those states, are included in the scope of this survey. The main objectives of this study are to find out the status of bibliographic control of Urdu publications in India, and to find out about secondary literature in Urdu language compiled by these State Urdu Academies, and to identify the problems and challenges in the bibliographic control of Urdu publications in India. It has been found from some literature reviews that no such study has been conducted on bibliographic control of Urdu publications in India. Thus this study would be helpful to researchers working in the field of bibliographic control, Urdu literature and language, and language bibliographies and other related areas.
A bibliometric analysis of COVID -19 research papers indexed in SCOPUS: Comparison of Sri Lankan context with Global context
(Department of Library and Information Science, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka, 2021) Krishanthy, S.; Santharooban, S.
ealth burdens and the socio-economic crisis are the unprecedented global effect of the pandemic caused by novel Coronavirus. As numerous research papers have been published on COVID-19, bibliometric evaluation for valuable information is crucial as it helps to identify suitable researchers and institutions for appropriate consultancy and suitable journals for publication. This study aims to bibliometrically analyse the medical science-related COVID-19 research papers indexed in SCOPUS, and compare the Global and Sri Lankan context. Therefore, highly cited articles, most impactful authors and journals, most prolific and productive country, and co-authorship by country were analysed. The data were mined from the SCOPUS database. SCOPUS analytic was used to analyse initial results and VOSviwer software was used to analyse citation and co-authorship. “Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China” was the most cited article in the global context, and “Enhancing immunity in viral infections with special emphasis on COVID-19: A review” was obtained the highest citation in the Sri Lankan context. Y. Liu, was the most impactful author internationally, whereas Priyanka Ranasinghe was the most impactful author in Sri Lanka. The Lancet and the New England Journal of Medicine were the most impactful journals globally and locally, respectively. China was the leading country, whereas the United States was the country that had the largest co-authorships link strength and produced the highest number of publications. The Sri Lankan authors highly collaborated with the USA, UK and Australia. Hence China is in the leading position in the case of the researches on COVID-19. In Sri Lanka, review articles with meta-analyses are mainly produced and this type of article receive the highest citations.
Blockchain Technology: Its Implications and advantages for Libraries in Sri Lanka
(Department of Library and Information Science, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka, 2021) Dilhani, M.P.P; Suraweera, Namali; Wadasinghe, Chandima
Blockchain technology is primarily used for securely transacting in a digital environment by verifying and maintaining a transaction record in a distributed, time-stamped way. Objectives of the paper to Understanding of blockchain technology and how it works in Library environment, review of literature of blockchain technology and its potential uses and discuss the connection between blockchain technology for future libraries in Sri Lanka. Library Information Science Technology Abstracts, Google Scholar, Emerald, Taylor and Francis and Scopus databases and blockchain management or blockchain technology or libraries were used as search terms. Study revealed that blockchain technology is increasingly being used in libraries for a variety of purposes, including improving metadata systems, safeguarding digital first sale rights, and peer-to-peer sharing. Further studies recommended to be held to exploit this technology to a maximum level for the benefit of libraries in Sri Lankan context.
Citation analysis of awarded doctoral theses by Department of Library and Information Science, Assam University, India
(Department of Library and Information Science, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka, 2021) Paumunmuang, Sim T.S.t; Bobby, Phuritsabam
Bibliographies are lists of past literature that influenced an author in his present academic or research works. The study involves 10 (ten) doctoral theses with 2408 citations appended awarded during the period of 2016 to 2017 by the Department of Library and Information Science of Assam University (AU). A decadal period of 2010-2019 is the most productive one with 937 (38.91%) citations contributed. The average decadal growth rate is 150.92%. One-authorship is the most prevalent nature of authorship with 1128 (46.84%) citations. Over half of the total citations are received by articles from cited Journals with 1308 (54.32. %) citations, followed by literature type of Book and Book Chapters with 414 (17.19%) citations. Almost half of all the citations originated or produced out of India with 1196 (49.67%) citations. English is the predominant medium of communicating research works.
Collaborative measures and Authorship patterns of Shrimp culture research publications– special focus to SCOPUS database
(Department of Library and Information Science, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka, 2021) Tharmini, A.; Navaneethakrishnan, S
The study examined the collaborative measures and authorship pattern of research publications in shrimp culture available in SCOPUS database during 2009 to 2019. The aim of this study is to identify collaborative measures like degree of collaboration, collaborative coefficient and collaborative index of these publications. A total of 3851 bibliographic records of publications were downloaded and analyzed in a bibliometric analytical method using R-studio software and MS excel. The analysis of bibliographic records of the total 3851 publications reveals that the entire publications were contributed by 18489 authors and among the type of publications, Journal articles occupied predominant position sharing 88.68% (n = 3415) percent of total study data. Contribution of Multi authors is high compared to single authored publications. Remarkable increase has been observed in the trend of authorship pattern and Degree of collaboration and Collaboration coefficient and Collaboration index in research publications of shrimp culture during the study period. Out of 3851 papers, 165 (4.28%) papers were contributed by single authors and rest of the publications were authored by multi authors. The Degree of collaboration has been increased from 0.924 in 2009 to 0.964 in 2019. Highest value of degree of collaboration - 0.979 was observed in 2017. The Collaborative coefficient has been increased from 0.67 in 2009 to 0.72 in 2019. Collaboration index of research publications increased from 4.12 in 2009 to 8.28 in 2019. The average collaboration index was 5.78 during the study span.
Contribution of Public Librarians for Empowering Research in Public libraries of the Chennai region through library programs for Social advancement
(Department of Library and Information Science, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka, 2021) Sridevi, Baska; Baskaran, C.
This article reveals about the young children’s interest that paves the way for their learning which in turn also enhances their career path through their participation in library programs organized by public librarians in Public libraries. Lots of surveys had done on this topic around the world and analyzed information is suggested for further community development. In many communities, libraries play a different role in this digital era for maintaining their lively spaces where children attend a variety of programs and activities doing in the Public libraries of Chennai Region help children find trustworthy and reliable information, learn new things, and make important decisions through participation in many programs. These programs tell how public librarians supporting children’s interests.
A critical analysis of postgraduate theses in University of Kelaniya
(Department of Library and Information Science, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka, 2021) Wimalasiri, B.G.S. P; De Silva, A.P.U
The main aim of this study was to ascertain the contribution made by postgraduate scholars through the research projects they undertake as part of their studies at the University of Kelaniya. The study sample consisted of 1,012 theses pertaining to doctoral and master’s degree theses submitted at the University of Kelaniya. Ms-excel was used to analyse and interpret data. It was clearly identified that Art subject disciplines were the most trending subject areas of the University of Kelaniya. It was observed that within the period of time concerned in the study, most of the research focussed on arts subject areas while majority of theses came in the category of MSSc degree while the number of theses submitted in the categories of DBA, MBA and MSc degrees were a few. Therefore, it could be concluded that the Faculty of Graduate Studies, University of Kelaniya has to take steps to popularise postgraduate research work in other subject areas and in-depth categories such as doctoral degrees
A critical study of web page Analysis of IIT and IIM Libraries: A webometric Analysis
(Department of Library and Information Science, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka, 2021) Mehta, Shikha Sharma; Sapna; Tyagi, Sudhir
In today's environment information communication technology or digital aspects play a vital role in our society. In India, for the higher education for science and engineering including management study, IIT and IIM both are important or main institutes for higher education. IIT institute for science and technology whereas IIM for Management. The study covers the design and content of Webometrics, identifies the form of publications most frequently used and percentage of different forms and types of publications. Data analysis of the citation in collection and management of web sources in the library Journal and proceedings also relevant for the library. Total 50 review papers have been used for the analyses for the data collection from 2008 to 2019, total 12 years’ data gathered for the study. The present study analysis 50 citation. The result identified factors that affect the transmission and use of information or have proposed strategies for increasing information flow and utilization.
Data visualization of book collection for the university of southeastern Philippines
(Department of Library and Information Science, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka, 2021) Annacel, B; Maychelle, M. Nugas
The Data Visualization of Book Collection is a web-based system intended for the University of Southeastern Philippines librarian and library staff, faculty, student, and other stakeholders. It is a tool to identify the strength and weaknesses of every subject in the program, serves as a monitoring system in selecting and acquiring library resources, and assists in conducting collection assessments. Furthermore, this study intends to develop a data visualization of book collection through a) development of a module to build a library collection per program and college; b) generate data visualization reports in terms of date of publication, the number of volumes, and titles, resources not used, and per program; and c) generate library collection reports classified by course. This study is anchored on Modified Rapid Application Development (RAD) as a methodology that includes the planning, design and development, and implementation and testing. The system generates reports in terms of date of publication, the number of titles and volumes, resources not used, and resources in specific programs in graphical format using backend and front-end development tools, cloud web hosting, server, and other tools. Moreover, the system also provides an additional function, such as exporting a list of library resources per program in word format. A functionality test was conducted on fifteen (15) selected respondents who participated by librarians, library staff, students, and faculty of the University of Southeastern Philippines. The assessment revealed that most end-users were extremely satisfied with the system's usefulness and reliability in terms of functionalities and capabilities.
Difficulties faced by differently-abled students while using the University library – in association with the library of the University of Kelaniya
(Department of Library and Information Science, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka, 2021) Nuwanthi, Chathurani Wickramathunga S.p
University libraries have a special place in teaching, learning and research activities. The university library should provide maximum support to the users to fulfil their educational needs and special methods should be followed for differently-abled students to use the library. The research problem of this research is the lack of facilities of the university library required by differently-abled university students and its main objective is to explore the difficulties encountered in the use of the university library. Other objectives include studying the use of libraries by differently-abled students in the university, studying the specialised services and facilities and the further exploration of the hardware and software they require. Because of corona pandemic the research is based on the case study methodology and the data were collected from 40 male and female visually impaired, hearing impaired and orthopaedic students as the population of the differently-abled students of the University of Kelaniya. According to the findings of this research, the library's annual budget does not allocate a separate amount for these special needs students. It has been found that there is no hardware or software for differently-abled students. 67.6% have access to all the sections of the library and 32.4% doesn’t have access to any section of the library. Therefore, it is very important for the library to pay more attention to the students who find it difficult to travel every section of the library. 44.1% are using only printed sources. But found that, the library has no tools or information sources other than DVDs, CD ROM, computers, braille books. 18.8% stated that they don’t have the required information sources in their library. It has been revealed that audio book and e book are not available in the library to meet the needs of visually impaired students. It has been revealed that differently-abled students mostly use both printed and unprinted sources and it is 50% as a percentage. 1% say they are not at all satisfied with library access. The library should pay attention to it, even though it is a very small percentage. 46.9% are satisfied and 40.6% are slightly satisfied. According to this, it is confirmed that a group of differently-abled students have access problems to the Kelaniya university library. 61.8% of the respondents said that, it takes 1 to 5 hours to search for information sources and 38.2% stated that, it takes less than an hour. Accordingly, it has been revealed that they spend more time in the library due to the difficulty in finding the sources of information, the difficulty in understanding the classifications, the difficulty in searching the names of the computerized information sources and the lack of a qualified training officer to serve the differently-abled students. It is clear that differently-abled students do not have the necessary technical tools. Voice recorders have been found to be a priority. Second, the braille machine was found to be an essential tool. It was suggested that information needs should be met through special programs for differently-abled students and steps should be taken to provide the required information facilities efficiently using new technologies. Therefore, this research proposes that technology integrated sources such as braille books, audiobooks and voice recording software should be made more accessible for visually impaired readers by the library.
Digital library with multi access approach of periodicals with intellighent system with non-duplication precdiction
(Department of Library and Information Science, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka, 2021) Napoleon, D.; Gopal, R.
Imagine a library for the future, an inspiration an opportunity a place of linking us together to the community of the world, a hub of lifelong learning. A knowledge center providing a diverse set of multimedia materials like digital paper, video, audio and human books. A portal with the most number of periodicals available anywhere anytime with 24/7 check-out and id return. Meeting the needs of a diverse society the elderly children youths immigrants. In the upcoming technical era authors' publications are imposed initially on the online namely with the terms of EISSN so we need to digitize a worldwide portal for the old treasure articles from the each and every library. For that, we can use the library technicians, and also as a fundraiser, we can allow the digital advertisements in our proposed portals. Once the books get digitized we can offer the portal jobs like animating a book for kids and differently-abled society, sounds useful to both the user and creator with the fund. When this process gets implemented then a single most demanded book can be quoted under the share study module to save time. As privacy and digital security, without the permission of the portal - user can’t able to take print or screenshot of an article. This is a huge step when we see it as a whole, but a single torchlight doesn’t show the whole forest once, but it makes the next step to be safe. Like that, we are in a pandemic situation and hope it ends for a while but if it comes again we need to aware and be prepared to gain our knowledge from our house using this portal. Take a single step then our future will be in our hands with swiping fingers.
Digitization Tools and Techniques: An Overview
(Department of Library and Information Science, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka, 2021) Senthilkumar, K.R.
The study provides an outlook on the various digitization tools and techniques for library materials - manuscripts, printed documents and archiving materials. The term “digitization” was coined in the late 1990s. Many libraries still do not make use of this useful technique at the root levels for the benefit of the research user community. To overcome this hurdle, here the researchers have presented the digital initiation in India at national level in addition to the relevant tools, software, techniques, file formats, storage and other techniques.
Disaster Preparedness in Libraries : a study based on the museum library of Sri Lanka
(Department of Library and Information Science, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka, 2021) Amarasooriya, Y.W.N.D
This research is conducted to identify the Disaster Preparedness in National Museum Library of Sri Lanka. Disaster preparedness is essential on the part of each library or archive. Disaster preparedness prevents response to damage caused by water, fire and other emergencies. This activity should be a priority in all institutions, the reason is because of the value of the collection, but although collections that are not meant to be stored for long are institutional investments, therefore must be saved. Disasters in libraries come in two main forms, namely natural and man-made. The museum library which has a largest collection in Sri Lanka. The main objective of this study is to identify the disasters influenced to the museum library of Sri Lanka related to the library building, staff, collection and recognized current disaster preparedness actions. The museum library of Sri Lanka is used as the sample. The questionnaire and interview were used as the instruments in this study to collect data. Data analysis is carried out using the word software. End of the research this study discovered not there a formal disaster management plan in this library and there is not a good support of the mother institute, financial constraints and an inadequate policy framework, less resources are reasons for that. It is recommended that library development plan for disaster management training programs for staff order to increase their preparedness about disasters and make a disaster management plan.
Effectiveness of the Canvas Learning Management System: Students view of the Nawaloka College of Higher Studies
(Department of Library and Information Science, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka, 2021) Gunarathna, D.G.R.L; Dayananda, A.P.M.M.D.B; Ransara, P.W.A.S.D
Remote education is the current trend in the education sector and it’s accelerated with the current pandemic situation throughout the world. Students do not need to attend class physically but there are several advantages and disadvantages. To achieve this goal of remote education different kinds of tools are used by institutes, universities, and colleges. The Canvas is one of the LMS systems and this study's major objective was the effectiveness of the Canvas by the students' view. This was good for understanding students' ideas about this LMS and under those results, College can develop its design to make students satisfied as well. The survey research method was used for the study and the data were analyzed from covering objectives. The study revealed most students were not getting its advantages and some of the tools were not using much. They did not have enough training about Canvas and its tools. Students responded as some of the tools are advanced to use easily. Within these comments, it can be designed to use the easy way. The survey recommended workshops, students’ feedback and a survey in teachers' view about Canvas from time to time will be good to make to carry out students educational purposes for a long way.
Factors influencing outreach services for empowering underprivileged people by university libraries in sri lanka: librarian’s perception
(Department of Library and Information Science, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka, 2021) Thusithakumari, W.N; Weerasinghe, M.K
Outreach has become a crucial element of library services in academic libraries. The paper deliberates various mechanisms of outreach programmess of university libraries in Sri Lanka. The study mainly focuses in categorizing the role of remaining outreach (OR) services in University libraries identify the objectives and outcomes of the OR services which imbued of influence created over the communities through university library OR services and culminate the potential obstacles in implementing OR services in Sri Lankan academic libraries and explore the remedial measures for those problems. The study highlights that in this changing landscape university librarians elaborate to provide specific directions and conduct the OR programmes as an ad hoc programme of the library. The Sri Lankan university librarians are competent to provide specific directions for making this endeavor worthwhile and sustainable in the long run through OR services and contribute to empower the disadvantaged people and national development. Time limitation (53%), human resources (60%), technology (80%) and communication, coordination and collaboration(80%) are the factors that manipulated the realization of OR services of university libraries. Based on the four influencing aspects found in this study, the finding suggests that, librarians can pursue these opportunities through broad-based direction support across the diverse services.