IRSPAS 2019
Permanent URI for this collectionhttp://repository.kln.ac.lk/handle/123456789/20453
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Item Optimization approaches for inventory management in Blood Supply Chains: A systematic review of literature(4th International Research Symposium on Pure and Applied Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka, 2019) Gunawardana, K. D. R.; Vidanagamachchi, K.; Nanayakkara, L. D. J. F.Blood Supply Chain Management is highly critical, as ensuring the availability of the right blood type, at the right place, in the right quantity, at the right time is a matter of life and death. Unlike other products, there is no substitute to human blood. Therefore, there is an increasing need of wisely managing this invaluable resource. Studies show that blood availability in countries need to be increased in order to meet the demands of ageing populations. Meanwhile, the discard rate of blood collections has an impact on the people’s attitude towards the blood system of the country and the first-time donor return rate. The overall objective of this study is to investigate the optimization approaches towards inventory management aspect in blood supply chains. A systematic review of literature has been carried out to investigate different optimization approaches and management concepts towards blood inventory optimization while maximizing the service levels and minimizing discard rates. Firstly, articles were selected through a web search based on the keywords of the study domain in order to ensure the relevance to the study. Further, articles published between 2000 and 2019 were considered ensuring novelty of findings. Keywords such as “inventory management”, “supply chain”, “optimization”, “simulation” and “blood” were used. In the process of reviewing literature, initially 43 studies were analysed through the keywords search and 15 papers were selected which are directly related with the area of the study. Studies revealed that perishable and substitution inventory management systems with stochastic demands are highly complex and scarcely represented in the literature. The studies further indicated that simulation could be used as a tool to determine optimal inventory policies accounting for perishability and substitution. A framework was developed summarizing management concepts and optimization techniques used in blood inventory management. This framework can be used to identify potential research areas that are available in this arena and as a guidance for future researchers who are willing to study in this field. As a further research, it is suggested to explore the behaviour of inventory management practices of multi-product, multi-echelon and perishable supply chains with highly uncertain demand and supplyItem Vehicle routing optimization in Sri Lankan megacity logistics context(4th International Research Symposium on Pure and Applied Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka, 2019) Warnakulasuriya, M. M.; Vidanagamachchi, K.; Niwunhella, D. H. H.; Nanayakkara, L. D. J. F.Sri Lanka has been making its way to develop its metropolitan city, Colombo, as a megacity. Transportation is one of the basic components to consider in planning any city emerging as megacities. City logistics function is a major factor which influences the economy and the social activities of a country. In megacity logistics, the growth in the volume of freight traffic and the aim to optimize the logistics activities have led research in recent years. According to the National Transport Report for year 2017, Port of Colombo handled 651,968 of Imports (TEUs) alone in year 2016. The majority of the destinations of this freight is Colombo and its suburbs. Considering the growing demands, the Western Region Megapolis Master Plan has been developed to cater systematic inland freight transportation in Colombo and suburbs. Therefore, it is important to focus on optimizing the urban transport network as well as the freight transport which has been given insignificant attention to date. Routing of flows and scheduling of deliveries are the two main factors to be considered in optimizing freight transport on which a lot of opportunities lie upon. Routing of flows is the pattern of flow at different spatial scales and scheduling of deliveries determines the flow of freight traffic through time windows. This study investigates the impact of city logistics for the road network in Sri Lanka, considering the main land transport corridors to map the freight flows as identified in the Megapolis Master Plan – Sri Lanka. This is done through a systematic data collection from a company handling freights within Colombo to match the Sri Lankan city logistic scenario about the freight transport regarding the units that are transported, and travel times taken for the considered destinations from the depot where freights are consolidated before released into the road network. It also identifies main city destinations around Colombo, the freight flows and freight volumes (in TEUs) in determining the impact of it for the road network. Thereby, this study will depict a vehicle routing optimization model to optimize the freight outflow function, minimizing the time taken. This is conducted through a simulation-based approach using the Supply Chain Guru simulation and modelling software, which is tested with the data collected. This vehicle routing simulation will provide platform for improved operation with identified demands to minimize the freight traffic and decision making in terms of the road network utilization for future demandsItem Employee competencies development framework for industry 4.0 adaptation in the healthcare sector(4th International Research Symposium on Pure and Applied Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka, 2019) Weerasinghe, W. P. T. D.; Vidanagamachchi, K.; Nanayakkara, L. D. J. F.Item Optimizing the process of airline fleet re-assignment to minimize the impact of disruptions(4th International Research Symposium on Pure and Applied Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka, 2019) Fernando, P. A.; Nanayakkara, L. D. J. F.; Tharaka, V. K.; Niwunhella, D. H. H.Aircraft assignments often deviate from the original schedule due to technical failures, operational requirements and other unforeseen circumstances which can be termed as disruptions. In such situations, it is necessary for the airline to assign an aircraft on ground to replace the grounded aircraft. Such reassignments entail re-work of the network, seat configurations, fuel requirements, load and other operational requirements. An efficient method to carry out re-assignments is absent in the Sri Lankan context; although research has been conducted to identify the optimum methodology for fleet assignment, those related to disruption management and aircraft re-assignment to minimize the impact of disruptions are scarce; disruptions still cost about 10% of airline revenue according to research conducted. Through the background study on Sri Lankan Airlines and literature, it was identified that the constraints of existing models do not capture all the elements such as passengers, aircraft and crew in the optimization of their objective functions. Available models do not consider re-assignment options such as ferrying, swapping, delaying and cancelling, in their entirety either. The exploratory study established the fact that disruption recovery is a time consuming and complex task which is required to be planned and executed in a matter of minutes. The controllers are often constrained to produce only a single feasible plan of action which may not be optimal. It is a difficult task to evaluate the quality of the recovery action which is to be executed. In most airlines, the personnel generating the recovery plan do not have adequate software-based decision support to construct high-quality recovery options, to compare available options or assess the down-stream impact of a disruption. The research is aimed at developing a model based on heuristics and meta-heuristics for supporting a model for the formal optimization of disruption recovery decisions. The impact of disruptions on the airline, types of fleet, nature of assignments, past assignments and requirements of an assignment are taken into consideration as qualitative data analysis. Quantitative data analysis is used to assess alternative assignments that could have been possible, comparison of options, model building and impact analysis in terms of cost and frequency. The study identified and validated the heuristics/meta-heuristics involved in the current methodology followed in aircraft schedule recovery and the rational/logic behind current process that can support optimization model building using heuristics, integer programming and simulation