IRSPAS 2019
Permanent URI for this collectionhttp://repository.kln.ac.lk/handle/123456789/20453
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Item Optimization approaches for inventory management in Blood Supply Chains: A systematic review of literature(4th International Research Symposium on Pure and Applied Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka, 2019) Gunawardana, K. D. R.; Vidanagamachchi, K.; Nanayakkara, L. D. J. F.Blood Supply Chain Management is highly critical, as ensuring the availability of the right blood type, at the right place, in the right quantity, at the right time is a matter of life and death. Unlike other products, there is no substitute to human blood. Therefore, there is an increasing need of wisely managing this invaluable resource. Studies show that blood availability in countries need to be increased in order to meet the demands of ageing populations. Meanwhile, the discard rate of blood collections has an impact on the people’s attitude towards the blood system of the country and the first-time donor return rate. The overall objective of this study is to investigate the optimization approaches towards inventory management aspect in blood supply chains. A systematic review of literature has been carried out to investigate different optimization approaches and management concepts towards blood inventory optimization while maximizing the service levels and minimizing discard rates. Firstly, articles were selected through a web search based on the keywords of the study domain in order to ensure the relevance to the study. Further, articles published between 2000 and 2019 were considered ensuring novelty of findings. Keywords such as “inventory management”, “supply chain”, “optimization”, “simulation” and “blood” were used. In the process of reviewing literature, initially 43 studies were analysed through the keywords search and 15 papers were selected which are directly related with the area of the study. Studies revealed that perishable and substitution inventory management systems with stochastic demands are highly complex and scarcely represented in the literature. The studies further indicated that simulation could be used as a tool to determine optimal inventory policies accounting for perishability and substitution. A framework was developed summarizing management concepts and optimization techniques used in blood inventory management. This framework can be used to identify potential research areas that are available in this arena and as a guidance for future researchers who are willing to study in this field. As a further research, it is suggested to explore the behaviour of inventory management practices of multi-product, multi-echelon and perishable supply chains with highly uncertain demand and supplyItem Vehicle routing optimization in Sri Lankan megacity logistics context(4th International Research Symposium on Pure and Applied Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka, 2019) Warnakulasuriya, M. M.; Vidanagamachchi, K.; Niwunhella, D. H. H.; Nanayakkara, L. D. J. F.Sri Lanka has been making its way to develop its metropolitan city, Colombo, as a megacity. Transportation is one of the basic components to consider in planning any city emerging as megacities. City logistics function is a major factor which influences the economy and the social activities of a country. In megacity logistics, the growth in the volume of freight traffic and the aim to optimize the logistics activities have led research in recent years. According to the National Transport Report for year 2017, Port of Colombo handled 651,968 of Imports (TEUs) alone in year 2016. The majority of the destinations of this freight is Colombo and its suburbs. Considering the growing demands, the Western Region Megapolis Master Plan has been developed to cater systematic inland freight transportation in Colombo and suburbs. Therefore, it is important to focus on optimizing the urban transport network as well as the freight transport which has been given insignificant attention to date. Routing of flows and scheduling of deliveries are the two main factors to be considered in optimizing freight transport on which a lot of opportunities lie upon. Routing of flows is the pattern of flow at different spatial scales and scheduling of deliveries determines the flow of freight traffic through time windows. This study investigates the impact of city logistics for the road network in Sri Lanka, considering the main land transport corridors to map the freight flows as identified in the Megapolis Master Plan – Sri Lanka. This is done through a systematic data collection from a company handling freights within Colombo to match the Sri Lankan city logistic scenario about the freight transport regarding the units that are transported, and travel times taken for the considered destinations from the depot where freights are consolidated before released into the road network. It also identifies main city destinations around Colombo, the freight flows and freight volumes (in TEUs) in determining the impact of it for the road network. Thereby, this study will depict a vehicle routing optimization model to optimize the freight outflow function, minimizing the time taken. This is conducted through a simulation-based approach using the Supply Chain Guru simulation and modelling software, which is tested with the data collected. This vehicle routing simulation will provide platform for improved operation with identified demands to minimize the freight traffic and decision making in terms of the road network utilization for future demandsItem Procurement optimization with Industry 4.0 in ERP based Sri Lankan apparel industry: a systematic review of literature(4th International Research Symposium on Pure and Applied Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka, 2019) Chandrasekara, H. A. S. Y.; Vidanagamachchi, K.; Wickramarachchi, A. P. R.Apparel industry is the Sri Lanka’s largest export industry and the highest net foreign exchange earner since 1992. It Provides wide range of clothing solutions for renowned international brands. Therefore, satisfying both customers and suppliers is a mandatory requirement in apparel industry. To survive in the market and acquire competitive edge, industries need to invest in advanced technology. However, most companies fail due to poor integration of technology in their supply chain. The concept of Procurement 4.0 has emerged to optimize supply chain performance developing new value propositions and meeting new business needs. It is the integration of Industry 4.0 concepts in procurement. To adapt these new technologies in an enterprise, a strong ERP system which can act as a platform for integration is required. Although Industry 4.0 concepts have been studied in different industrial contexts, a limited number of researches have been conducted on the use of emerging technologies such as Internet of Things (IoT), Robotic Process Automation (RPA), Big data and Cognitive analytics, Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Cloud technologies etc. in relation procurement while more existing researchers have focused on e-procurement. Therefore, this study explores how the ERP based apparel industry can optimize their procurement process with the emerging procurement technologies from Industry 4.0. In this study, a systematic review of literature was conducted based on the keyword-based search and content analysis, and 20 articles were selected out of 50 articles depending on the relevance to the major areas of study. Based on the findings, a framework was developed incorporating Industry 4.0 technologies that can be used in each step of the procurement process and their impact on procurement performance have been identified. In conclusion, this research provides a framework for implementing technology-based procurement practices. Apparel manufacturers can use the developed framework as a guideline to identify the current state of technology implementation in procurement process and to identify the next potential steps towards procurement 4.0. Further, the results of the study could be generalized and applied to any manufacturing industry. Future researches can be carried out to validate this model through a case study approachItem Influence and optimization of growth conditions on phenol degradation by Pseudomonas aeruginosa(4th International Research Symposium on Pure and Applied Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka, 2019) Amirthalingam, S.; Dassanayaka, M. P.; Vivehananthan, K.With their relatively high toxicity, phenol and phenolics are water pollutants of major concern. The application of phenol biodegrading agents to treat phenol in wastewater has shown promising results. Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a well recorded phenol biodegrading bacteria. However, optimal growth parameters for efficient degradation of phenol may vary from one bacteria to another. Therefore, this study focused on testing the effect of growth conditions including strength and pH of the growth medium and inoculum size on phenol degradation by P. aeruginosa and to assess the phenol degradation efficiency by adding glucose as an additional carbon source. The bacterial strain of P. aeruginosa (MH031762) isolated from petroleum contaminated site in Sri Lanka was inoculated to Mineral Salt Media (MSM) with 1200 mgL-1 phenol under different growth conditions. Three-factor factorial design with three levels was used to determine the combination effect of strength (0.5x, 1x and 2x), pH (6.5, 7 and 7.5) of the medium and inoculum size (1%, 2% and 3%) on phenol degradation. Residual phenol in the medium inoculated with bacteria was measured using 4-aminoantipyrene spectrometric method under which the duration (in hours) it took for 50% phenol degradation was calculated. Under the growth conditions found to be as optimum, the biodegradation efficiency of phenol by P. aeruginosa was further tested by adding glucose as an additional carbon source at varying concentrations (0.1%, 0.25%, 0.50%, 0.75% and 1%). Pooled t-test was performed to test the phenol degradation efficiency in bio-stimulated media with glucose. According to the results, there was no combination effect by all the 3 factors together on phenol degradation by P. aeruginosa (P = 0.186). However, a significant impact was shown by the combination of the two factors, i.e. the strength and pH of the medium (P = 0.002). According to the Tukey’s test, quickest phenol degradation resulted in the double strength (2x) MSM with pH 7.5 (71.82 h). Among the 3 levels of inoculum sizes assessed, 3% showed the highest phenol degradation rate by showing the lowest time (64±4.5 h) to achieve degradation of the amount of phenol by 50%. Further, glucose in the level of 0.1% enhanced the phenol degradation rate, by degrading the same amount of phenol within 58.9±0.2 h. In conclusion, optimal growth conditions of P. aeruginosa for fast degradation of phenol were determined as 2x MSM, pH 7.5 with 3% inoculum size. Further, addition of 0.1% glucose in the medium enhanced the phenol degradation. The findings of this study provide valuable information for designing bioremediation protocols to treat phenol in industrial wastewater.Item Optimizing the conditions for the production of extracellular amylases under solid state fermentation using groundnut shell as the substrate(4th International Research Symposium on Pure and Applied Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka, 2019) Kumarage, C. A.,; Weerasooriya, M. K. B.Amylases are a group of hydrolase enzymes, which hydrolyse starch molecules into simple sugars. Amylase can be extracted from molds, which are capable of producing high amounts of amylase. Aspergillus niger is used more frequently in the commercial production of α- Amylase. Groundnut shell is one main by-product of the groundnut processing factories. Solid state fermentation (SSF) is considered more useful in industries as the extraction procedures are cheaper. Optimization of various parameters and manipulation of media are one of the most important techniques used for the production of enzymes in large quantities to meet industrial demands. Specific objective of the research is to optimize the culture conditions for the A. niger niger under solid state fermentation using ground nut shell as the carbon source. Parameters used to optimize the Amylase production are the effect of mineral salt media, mixed culture inoculation of A. niger and S. cerevisiae, effect of surfactants Tween 80 and Tween 20, effect of different pH values ranging from pH 4.0 to 7.0 and effect of changing concentration of carbon source. From the results from samples with and without mineral salt media, clearly indicate that enzyme activity is high in the samples with mineral salt media 28.736 U/mL. The Amylase activity of the sample with mixed culture of A. niger and S. cerevisiae together, is 38.070 U/mL. The highest enzyme activity of 42.300 U/mL, was shown with Tween 80. Maximum Amylase activity 41.540 U/mL was found at pH 5.5. Carbon source concentration for SSF was measured as the mass per volume. Optimum carbon source for SSF for the maximum amylase activity 49.413 U/mL on 5th day was found to be 40% by mass per volume of mineral salt solution (8 g per 20 mL). Final analysis shows that the maximum activity of alpha amylase was recorded at day 4, pH 5.5, in the presence of Tween 80 and with the simultaneous inoculation of A. niger and S. cerevisiae for 2 g of carbon source. The net yield of optimized culture is 49.401 U/mL and non-optimized culture is 30.215 U/mL.