25th Anniversary International Scientific Conference-2016
Permanent URI for this collectionhttp://repository.kln.ac.lk/handle/123456789/12769
Plenaries, Symposia and free papers presented at the 25th Anniversary International Scientific Conference, held on 6-8th April 2016, Faculty of Medicine, University of Kelaniya to celebrate the Silver Jubilee Anniversary of Faculty of Medicine
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Item Pathogenesis of Leishmania donovani induced cutaneous leishmaniasis: role of Tumor Necrosis Factor α(Faculty of Medicine, University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka, 2016) Manamperi, N.H.; Oghumu, S.; Pathirana, K.P.N.; Munidasa, U.A.D.D.; Somaratne, K.K.V.N.; Rathnayake, R.M.D.I.; Thilakaratne, S.M.; de Silva, M.V.C.; Pathmeswaran, A.; Abeyewickreme, W.; Satoskar, A.R.; Karunaweera, N.D.BACKGROUND: Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) in Sri Lanka is caused by the usually visceralizing Leishmania donovani. Host immune response plays a key role in the clinical presentation of leishmaniasis. Role of cytokines in pathogenesis of local lesions has not been studied. OBJECTIVE: To describe tissue cytokine expression with lesion progression with time in CL due to Leishmania donovani. METHODS: Skin biopsies from fifty eight patients with parasitologically or histopathologically confirmed CL and 30 healthy controls were analyzed for local tissue expression of Interleukin (IL)-12A, IL-4, IL-10, Interferon-gamma (IFNg) and Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha (TNF-α). Cytokine mRNA was quantified by real-time RT- PCR using SYBR green. Relative copy numbers were calculated for each gene by 2-ΔΔCt method using β-actin as the reference gene and healthy controls as the calibrator. Spearman correlation was used to determine the correlation between cytokines and duration of active skin lesions. RESULTS: The study group consisted of 37 males (63.8%) and 21 females (36.2%) with a mean age of 35 (SD=12.05) years which ranged between 18-66 years. Mean duration of lesions was 6.8 (SD=9.10) months with a range of 1-48 months. The Spearman correlation coefficient for relative copy numbers and lesion duration was 0.220, 0.077, 0.073, 0.235 and 0.295 for IL-12A, IL-4, IL-10, IFNg and TNF-α respectively. There was a significant positive correlation between expression of TNF-α and lesion duration (p= 0.024). CONCLUSIONS: Localized expression of TNF-α increases with time in CL due to L. donovani in Sri Lanka, which indicates development of a pro-inflammatory immune response at the site of infection as the disease progresses.Item Community incidence of snake bite in Sri Lanka(Faculty of Medicine, University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka, 2016) Pathmeswaran, A.There are few studies on community incidence of snake bite. There are no national level data. We undertook a community-based country-wide survey on snake bite in Sri Lanka. The survey was designed to sample 1% of the population of Sri Lanka. A Grama Niladhari (GN) division was defined as a cluster for data collection. 125 clusters were allocated to each province. The clusters were selected using simple random sampling and in each cluster, 40 households were sampled consecutively from a random starting point. Population based incidence rates of snake bite were then constructed. 1,125 GN divisions with 43,827 households and a population of 164,746 (0.81% of country’s population) were surveyed. 694 snakebites and 317 significant envenoming (local tissue necrosis and systemic envenoming) were reported within the past 12 months. The crude overall community incidence of snake bites and significant envenoming were 421 and 192 per 100,000 population, respectively. There was wide variation within districts, the worst affected being Mullaitivu, Anuradhapura, Batticaloa and Polonnaruwa, all mainly agricultural areas in the Dry Zone of the country. It is concluded that Sri Lanka has a high community incidence of snake bite and envenoming, with marked geographical variation within the country.