Felicitation Volume of Senior Professor Prema Podimenike

Permanent URI for this collectionhttp://repository.kln.ac.lk/handle/123456789/12048

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    How to sight the Holy Grail of Development: Two Development Tales of Sri Lanka and Malaysia
    (Department of Economics, University of Kelaniya, 2016) Priyantha, R.; Dickwella, R.; Samarakoon, A.
    The grammar of development always relates to the question words of who, what, and how. Contemporary uni-polar world order has paid more attention on the ways of developing all countries equally. The United Nations (UN), the International Monetary Fund (IMF), and the Work Bank have become the entrepreneurs of the international development project that has focused on establishment of a universal development system. However, the current development discourse is still in a struggle to conceptualize and map out the development policies to accomplish development ends. The waves of development discourse emphasis the changing pattern of development and reduce rich-poor gap. Bridging the gap of rich and poor is a dilemma as of poor understanding of root causes of underdeveloped. The objective of this article is to understand richpoor gap and the role of internal and external structure to exterminate this gap. Sri Lanka and Malaysia are the selected case studies of the present study. The case studies are to understand the lessons learnt of development. One of the key findings of this study is that the absence of consensus on development and development alienation are direct causes to fail the mega level development policies that has caused countries to stagnate in the same level of poverty. The interests of entrepreneurs of development project on capital accumulation is another crucial factor of widened gap between rich and the poor. Bad governance, corruption, political instability, popular politics and consumer politics, connectivity of global capital to local elites and economic policies to maintain the industrial reserved army have further deteriorated balance development both at national and international levels.
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    Emerging Economies and Small and Medium Industries: Challenges in the process of Globalization
    (Department of Economics, University of Kelaniya, 2016) Edirisinghe, S.D.
    Focus of this paper is to investigate export and import sector contribution as means of the SMIs market internationalization in emerging economies with the process of globalization. And explain how small businesses are important in current business world. Thetermemerging economies has explored since 1990s in the world economy.Around hundred and fifty six emerging economies in various stages of development is contributing to the international business in the world today.Some of these economies are rapidly emerging on the global stage. Among them, Argentina, Brazil,Indonesia, Turkey,Thailand,South Korea, Russia, Poland are very important in the internationalization phenomena.Globalization and business opportunities are take place among developing economies as well as emerging economies.The current era of globalization originated in the aftermath of world war second when major nations committed to global trade and investment.Most of the countries in the world today realized that joining the world economy is a must.As the countries started to emerge as new actors in the world economy 20% of its output contribute to the global GDP at present while western economies contribute approximately 80% to world GDP. Over the years emerging economies has involved considerable amount of transactions in the international trade and more prominently service sector has expanded within the globalization situation.
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    Role of the parliament for enforcing gender equality in Sri Lanka
    (Department of Economics, University of Kelaniya, 2016) Godagama, A.
    The paper examines role of the parliament for enforcing gender equality in Sri Lanka. Gender equality does not mean that men and women become the same. Achieving gender equality requires women’s empowerment to ensure that decision-making at private and public levels and access to resources are no longer weighted in men’s favour, so that both women and men can fully participate as equal partners in productive and reproductive life1. The Sri Lankan women contribute to socio-cultural and economic development as a key player. There are no legal or institutional barriers for equality of women. However, there are only some cultural barriers which are common in Sri Lanka as well as South Asia. Further, political participation is not satisfactory in Sri Lanka compared to other democratic countries. Therefore, laws and institutional frameworks are needed to fulfill gender equality successfully. In this respect, The Parliament of Sri Lanka is playing a significant role to enforce gender equality.
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    A critical analysis of Positive and Negative Peace
    (Department of Economics, University of Kelaniya, 2016) Herath, O.
    Peace is a small word with a deeper meaning attached to it different interpretations, different perspectives and different understandings yet the meaning is one but for one's own self. Setting a benchmark about what peace means to a person is their own way of looking at it. But Peace is something which is vastly misinterpreted in today. Everyone has their own perceptions about it out of which only a small section actually come near in addressing 'peace’. In the present article, the word peace is the central focus and it has been written comparing the concepts of positive and negative peace. It is often stated that, the word peace is very often used and harmed and that since it lacks a satisfying definition and difficult to conceptualize.
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    Hegemony of the United States and the Middle East
    (Department of Economics, University of Kelaniya, 2016) Rathnayake, R.M.S.S.
    The hegemony of the United States (US) in the international order is a widely accepted truth in today’s world. During the Cold War era, the US predominance was greatly curtailed by the power of the Soviet Union and after the Soviet Union’s disintegration, the US rose to power as the undisputed hegemon in the international order. Through the years that followed, the US has been able to influence internal politics of many states using its preponderant power. The Middle East has been and still continues to be a region of great importance in US foreign policy. Since the British forces withdrew from the Middle East, the US has attempted to ensure its preeminence in this strategically important region. Therefore, the US implements various foreign policy strategies which are aimed at enhancing its influence in the Middle East. The main objective of this study is to analyze the foreign policy strategies that the US implements towards the Middle East and examine whether the US foreign policy strategies towards the Middle East serve in safeguarding its hegemonic position in the world order. This study adopts a qualitative methodology and is mainly based on secondary data. An extensive literature survey was conducted and the information and data collected are analyzed in a theoretical perspective. The Hegemonic Stability Theory, Realism, Offensive Realism and Offense-Defense Theory are the main theories that are incorporated in data analysis. In the analysis, US foreign policy towards Iran, Iraq, Israel-Palestine is given prominence. As per the study, the US foreign policy strategies towards the Middle East serve in safeguarding the US hegemony in the world order. However, the US foreign policy strategies towards the Middle Eastern region have a negative impact on the image of the US as a benevolent hegemon.
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    Macroeconomic Trends in Sri Lanka (from 2003 to 2013)
    (Department of Economics, University of Kelaniya, 2016) Nimeshika, G.A.T.
    Macroeconomic mainly include in overall performance in the economy. In that, Macro economic objectives and macroeconomic variables are got a special place. In this article is expected to analyze overall economic growth, price stability, unemployment and trade balance as macroeconomic variables. According to that, this article is focused to examine macroeconomic trends in Srilankan economy from 2003 to 2013. For this study secondary data have been used by using Central bank reports. By studying above variables in the economy, can able to become a logical consumer. According to analyze the economic growth has increased in 2013. The industry sector is provided a major contribution for GDP. Macroeconomic stability is a necessary condition for high economic growth. But the stability of macroeconomic environment weakens in creating an uncertainty economy with inflation. When the last years (covering 2003-2013) are considered, unemployment rate has decreased rapidly. It is good position for developing the country. But trade deficit has increased. That is a main problem for stability of the country. Finally, we can conclude that the country needs to achieve the goals the Socio Economic stability.
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    Obstacles against the Tourism Development as an Instrument of Poverty Alleviation
    (Department of Economics, University of Kelaniya, 2016) Gunarathna, M.; Janice L.H.; Chan, J.K.L.
    The article describes the negative impact of poverty alleviation in tourism of Sri Lanka based on secondary and time series data that were gathered by Sri Lanka Tourism Development Authority from 1968 to 2014. Additionally, secondary data from Department of Census and Statistics in Sri Lanka and Central Bank of Sri Lanka were employed in the study to examine the key objective. The key objective is to discover potential obstacles against the tourism development as an instrument of poverty alleviation while reviewing the research question that how to improve poverty elimination via tourism development. Pearson correlation analysis and descriptive analysis are used. The study suites two suppositions to accomplish the above mentioned objective focusing empirical evidences. Firstly, there are obstacles to develop tourism industry in Sri Lanka. Secondly, the obstacles affect poverty alleviation via tourism development in Sri Lanka. However, findings of this study reveal that significant relationship between tourism development and poverty alleviation has being damaged by obstacles. We conclude that tourism is a proper instrument to move out from poverty and disparity and suggest that potential obstacles should be managed via tourism development strategies. Therefore this study stimulates for policy makers to refer the present tourism policy and add alternative solutions to unfold issues in Sri Lankan rural tourism industry. Significance of this study is not limited to Sri Lanka and under the limitations; findings, suggestions and conclusions of the study can be utilized to develop rural tourism based national plan in developing world.
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    Climate Change and Paddy Production in Sri Lanka (with reference to Anuradhapura District)
    (Department of Economics, University of Kelaniya, 2016) Nawarathna Banda, H.M.
    Climate Change is defined as statistically significant variation in either mean state of the climate or in its variability, persisting for an extended period (typically decades or longer). Climate change may be due to natural internal processes or external forcing or to persistent anthropogenic changes in the composition of the atmosphere or in land use.The problem of this sudy is there any impact of climate change on paddy production in Sri Lanka. Objectives are to identify the impact of climate change on paddy production in Sri Lanka. It was used both primary and secondary data for this study. The climatic factors are changing very rapidly in Sri Lanka. To adapt farmers with the changes, government and other external agencies are providing several supports, but still there is a gap between farmers’ adaptability with climate change and current level of supports. To analyze the climate change adaptability of the farmers in Sri Lanka, this study uses primary data that have been collected through questionnaire survey on paddy producing farmers in the area of Anuradhapura district, North-Central province. The data have been analyzed by using descriptive statistics, ordered regression, percentile and scale. Farmers significantly believe that buying additional fertilizer from market is not important for their current adaptation capability with climate change. As a consequence, 75.3% of the farmers never used extra fertilizer except the fully subsidized quantity. But, 41.4% farmers agree that government supports are not enough to cope properly with climate change. So, there is a gap between the current level of external supports and farmers’ capability to adapt with climate change. Here, sustainability of agriculture and relevant livelihood are strongly dependent on the external supports. Therefore, farmers’ adaptability to climate change needs to be focused beyond the incentive and subsidy. Farmers need some training and motivational supports for the necessary adoption. The findings of the study are important for the policy makers and relevant agencies.
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    Gender Inequality in Sri Lanka
    (Department of Economics, University of Kelaniya, 2016) Gunawardane, D.S.W.
    Gender equality is both a core concern and an essential part of human development. However, in no society do women yet enjoy the same opportunities as men. They work longer hours and they are paid less, both in total and pro rate. Their choices as to how they spend their time, in both work and leisure, are more constrained than they are for men. These disparities generate substantial gaps between how much women and men can contribute to society, and how much they respectively share in its benefits. As a conceptual tool, gender is used to highlight various structural relationships of inequality between men and women as manifested in the labour markets, income, economic resources, education and training. Discrimination is especially obvious in political leadership and decision-making positions and in economic top management. The objective of this study was to analyse how gender inequality indicate that different dimensions in Sri Lankan context. Study was based on secondary data gathered from literature survey which are directly related to the issues addressed in this study. The study was revealed that disadvantage and marginalization of women and discrimination against them is a global phenomenon. Everywhere in the world, there are still considerable differences in living conditions and upward social mobility opportunities between men and women due to unequal factors. In Sri Lankan context traditional women have much less social, economic, political and domestic power than men. However, they have played considerable role inside the family as homemakers. Especially rural women spend much time every day on agricultural and domestic tasks. However, after the independent, successive governments have invested heavily in education, health, and welfare programmes. As a result, both men and women enjoy relatively high standards in health and education. From this view, the status of Sri Lankan women has been changed last few decades. Though, poor women are facing several problems due to unequal factors of political participation, labour force participation and decision-making process. To overcome those disparities mobilization of women as equal partners in all developmental process therefore needs the priority attention of policy makers.
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    A Psychological Perspective on Development of Eating Disorders in Female Athletes
    (Department of Economics, University of Kelaniya, 2016) Alahakoon, T.D.
    There is strong and consistent evidence that eating disorders are prevalent in sport. These illnesses lead to significant physical and psychological morbidity and impaired performances. Female athletes tend to be affected more than male athletes. This paper intends to reveal the development of eating disorders in female athletes and find associated variables with development of eating disorders in female athletes. It is important to note that both anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa are determined by an interaction of many factors both personal and biological and social and cultural. Future studies are needed, especially to assess the direct effect of eating disorders on sport performance.
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