ICAM-2021
Permanent URI for this collectionhttp://repository.kln.ac.lk/handle/123456789/23296
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Item The Impact of Covid-19 Outbreak on Nosocomial Infection Rate: A Case of Iran(Department of Marketing Management, Faculty of Commerce and Management Studies, University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka., 2021) Jabarpour, Maryam; Dehghan, Mahlagha; Afsharipour, Giti; Abaee, Elham Hajipour; Shahrbabaki, Parvin Mangolian; Ahmadinejad, Mehdi; Maazallahi, vBackground. Coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) is a new type of coronavirus that has caused a global pandemic. The disease is highly contagious, and all people are susceptible to the disease. therefore, extensive measures were taken to prevent the spread of thedisease at the community and hospitals. This study aimed to investigate the impact of COVID-19 outbreak on nosocomial infection rate.Methods. This cross-sectional study was conducted in an educational hospital, southeast Iran. The nosocomial infection rates of critical/intensive care units (CCU/ICUs) and medical-surgical units were assessed during and before the COVID-19 outbreak.Results. There was a 19.75-point decrease in the total rate of nosocomial infection during the COVID-19 outbreak (P = 0.02). In addition, there was a 39.12-point decrease in the total rate of CCU/ICUs' nosocomial infection during the COVID-19 outbreak (P < 0.001). A 19.23 -point decrease was also observed in the total rate of medical-surgical units' nosocomial infection during the COVID-19 outbreak (P = 0.13). All kinds of CCU/ICUs' nosocomial infections had between 31.22- and 100-point decreases during the COVID-19 outbreak. Among medical-surgical units, 33.33- and 30.70-point decreases were observed only in UTI and SSI, respectively, during the COVID-19 outbreak, while BSI had a 40-point increase during the COVID-19 outbreak. Conclusions. Proper implementation of infection control protocols during the COVID-19 pandemic seems to reduce nosocomial infections.Item Psychological Consequences of the Covid-19 Disease in Physicians and Medical Students(Department of Marketing Management, Faculty of Commerce and Management Studies, University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka., 2021) Zakeri, Mohammad Ali; Rafsanjanipoor, Sayed Mortaza Hossini; Dehghan, Mahlagha; Bazmandeh, Abbas ZakeriThe COVID-19 pandemic can have many adverse personal and professional consequences for physicians and medical students, including reduced quality of life and professional performance. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the mental health outcomes, including general health, generalized anxiety disorder, and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in physicians and medical students during the prevalence of COVID-19 disease. By using census method, this cross-sectional study was conducted on 132 physicians and medical students working in Rafsanjan hospitals in Iran. General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-28), Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7-item (GAD-7) and Impact of Event Scale (IES) were used to collect data. The data were then analyzed by using SPSS 25 and descriptive and inferential statistics (Chi-square and multivariate logistic regression). 51.5% of the participants had psychological disorder according to GHQ. 24.2% of the participants had GAD and 33.3% had PTSD. The results showed that only occupation significantly correlated with psychological disorders (P = 0.01). The risk of psychological disorders in medical students was 2.38 times higher compared with physicians (95% Confidence Interval for odds ratio: 1.11- 5.10, P = 0.026). Physicians and medical students are under a lot of stress, at greater risk for mental health disorders, social dysfunction, anxiety and depression during the outbreak of COVID-19. Therefore, the psychological state especially among medical students should be improved more carefully.Item Psychometric Evaluation of the Persian Version of the Quality of Prenatal Care Questionnaire (QPCQ-P) in Pregnant Mothers(Department of Marketing Management, Faculty of Commerce and Management Studies, University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka., 2021) Zakeri, Mohammad Ali; Dehghan, Mahlagha; Bazmandeh, Abbas ZakeriThe quality of prenatal care is preventive health care that improves the health outcomes of women and infants. A comprehensive questionnaire can be used to assess the quality of prenatal care as well as to identify and investigate mother-child health outcomes. In this cross-sectional study, 329 mothers were selected in Rafsanjan, Iran, from May 2019 to February 2020. The validity and reliability of the Quality of Prenatal Care Questionnaire- Persian (QPCQ-P) were determined using criterion validity, Cronbach's alpha, and testretest reliability. Internal consistency, test-retest reliability and cross-validation with the Quality of Life-BREF (WHOQOL-BREF) were calculated. The internal consistency of the QPCQ-P is good (α = 0.936) and the item-rest-correlations are fairly good [ICC of 0.476 and confidence interval (CI): 0.20-0.68]. The WHOQOL-BREF and QPCQ-P scores were found to be positively correlated (r = 0.371, p ‰¤ 0.001). This study demonstrates that the QPCQ-P is a reliable and valid measure for the quality of prenatal care. The QPCQ-P scale can be used to identify appropriate care strategies for pregnant mothers.Item Translation and Psychometric Properties of the Persian Version of the Patient Activation Measure (PAM13-P) in Chronic Patients(Department of Marketing Management, Faculty of Commerce and Management Studies, University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka., 2021) Zakeri, Mohammad Ali; Dehghan, Mahlagha; Bazmandeh, Abbas ZakeriPatient Activation Measure (PAM) consists of 13 items that assess patient knowledge, skill, and confidence for self-management. The current study aimed to translate the American version of the PAM13 into Persian and to test the psychometric properties of the Persian version in chronic patients. In this cross-sectional study, four hundred and thirty-eight patients with chronic diseases were selected in Rafsanjan, Iran, from May 2019 to November 2019. The American version of the PAM13 was translated into Patient Activation Measure 13 Persian (PAM13-P) using as standardized forward -backward translation method. Internal consistency, test-retest reliability, face and content validities and construct validity (structural and convergent validities) were assessed. The content validity index of the PAM13-P was 0.91. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses showed that PAM13-P had a meaningful structural validity. PAM13-P scores were negatively correlated with the Partner in Health (PIH) (r = -0.29, P < 0.001). In addition, PAM13-P scores were positively correlated with life satisfaction (r = 0.31, P < 0.001). The internal consistency was good (α = 0.88) and the repeatability was excellent [ICC of 0.96 and confidence interval (CI): 0.94-0.98]. This study demonstrates that the PAM13-P is a reliable and valid measure for use in the patients with chronic diseases in hospital setting. PAM13-P scale is used to determine the level of self-management of chronic patients and identify appropriate care strategies to meet the needs of chronic patients.Item Effect of Foot Reflexology on Laboratory Tests After Kidney Transplantation Surgery: A Secondary Analysis of Parallel Randomized Controlled Trial Study(Department of Marketing Management, Faculty of Commerce and Management Studies, University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka., 2021) Dehghan, Mahlagha; Samarehfekri, Atena; Zakeri, Mohammad Ali; Bazmandeh, Abbas ZakeriThe researchers in this study aimed to investigate the effect of foot reflexology on laboratory parameters, intake / output / weight and medication regimen after kidney transplant surgery. The research was a secondary analysis of a parallel randomized controlled trial. The research included patients who were admitted to the transplantation ward. The stratified randomization approach was used to divide 53 eligible patients into two groups: foot reflexology (n=26) and control (n=27). Finally, 25 participants from each group completed the study. The intervention group was provided with 30 minutes of foot reflexology once a day for three days while the control group received no reflexology. The intervention began on the second day following surgery. Initially, the demographic information questionnaire was completed by using the patient medical record and, if necessary, by asking the patient. In addition, information about laboratory tests and intake, output and weight was extracted from patients' records before, immediately and one week after the intervention. Before the kidney transplantation surgery and during the intervention, the laboratory tests of the two groups of foot reflexology and control were similar. During the intervention, no significant differences in intake, output, and weight values were found between the two groups of foot reflexology and control (P > 0.05). The results of the present study showed that foot reflexology had no particular effects on laboratory tests, intake / output, weight and diet of patients after kidney transplantation. Further studies are needed to achieve more accurate results in this area.Item Compassion Satisfaction, Compassion Fatigue and Hardiness in Nurses: A Comparison before and During Covid-19 Outbreak(Department of Marketing Management, Faculty of Commerce and Management Studies, University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka., 2021) Zakeri, Mohammad Ali; Dehghan, Mahlagha; Rahiminezhad, Elham; Bazmandeh, Abbas ZakeriNurses provide the majority of health-care services during an epidemic. Front-line nurses face numerous health challenges during the COVID-19 epidemic. Many nurses may experience compassion fatigue in these stressful situations, putting them at risk for mental health problems. Nurses' job performance is affected by compassion satisfaction and hardiness. The purpose of this study was to compare the compassion satisfaction, compassion fatigue and hardiness in nurses before and during the COVID-19 outbreak. This cross-sectional study included 508 clinical nurses from public hospitals in southern Iran. The subjects were recruited using multi-stage sampling methods in 2019-2020. Sampling was performed before the COVID-19 (n = 266) and during the COVID-19 (n = 242) with a one-year interval. Demographic questionnaire, professional quality of life (ProQOL) questionnaire and Occupational Hardiness Questionnaire were used to collect data. The scores of compassion satisfaction, compassion fatigue and hardiness did not differ significantly during the COVID-19 compared with before the COVID-19 (p > 0.05). Before COVID-19, hardiness and work experience were variables that predicted 11% of the variance of compassion satisfaction, whereas during COVID-19, hardiness and gender were variables that predicted 26% of the variance of compassion satisfaction. Before COVID-19, hardiness and work experience were variables that predicted 3% of the variance of compassion fatigue, whereas during COVID-19, hardiness, type of employment and gender were variables that predicted 6% of the variance of compassion fatigue. The current study found that compassion satisfaction and compassion fatigue did not change during the COVID-19 outbreak compared with before the COVID-19 outbreak. When compared to before the COVID-19, the hardiness and its dimensions did not change significantly.Item The Relationship between Nurse's Professional Quality of Life, Mindfulness and Hardiness: A Cross-Sectional Study During the Covid-19 Outbreak(Department of Marketing Management, Faculty of Commerce and Management Studies, University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka., 2021) Zakeri, Mohammad Ali; Dehghan, Mahlagha; Bazmandeh, Abbas ZakeriIn the pandemic of COVID-19 disease, various factors can affect the occupational status of nurses. This study aimed to assess the evaluation of the relationship between nurse's professional quality of life, mindfulness and hardiness during the outbreak of COVID-19. This cross-sectional study included 239 nurses from two medical centers in Rafsanjan, Iran. Quota sampling was performed from August to November 2020. A demographic form, the Professional Quality of Life Scale (ProQOL), the Freiburg Mindfulness Questionnaire_ Short Form (FMI-SF), and the Occupational Hardiness Questionnaire (OHQ) were used to collect data. Compassion satisfaction, secondary traumatic stress, and burnout were all moderate among nurses. Hardiness was the best predictor of compassion satisfaction. Mindfulness was the best predictor of both secondary traumatic stress and burnout. Psychological hardiness and mindfulness had the greatest impact on nurses' quality of professional life during the COVID-19 pandemic. Therefore, in order to improve nurses' quality of professional life, psychological hardiness and mindfulness, necessary psychological programs and interventions should be designed and implemented.Item Burnout, Anxiety, Stress, and Depression among Iranian Nurses: Before and During The Covid-19 Outbreak(Department of Marketing Management, Faculty of Commerce and Management Studies, University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka., 2021) Zakeri, Mohammad Ali; Dehghan, Mahlagha; Bazmandeh, Abbas ZakeriFrontline nurses face many health challenges during the COVID-19 epidemics, are directly at risk during treatment and care for COVID-19 patients. As a result, these factors can have an impact on nurses' job performance and health. The purpose of this study was to compare burnout, anxiety, stress, and depression in nurses before and during the COVID-19 outbreak. This was a cross sectional study. We assessed 266 frontline nurses before and 242 frontline nurses during the COVID-19 outbreak with one year apart in 2019 and 2020 (two-stage sampling). The data were collected using demographic questionnaire, Maslach Burnout Questionnaire and Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale in public hospitals in Southern Iran. There were no significant differences between groups in subscales of burnout (p > 0.05). Anxiety, stress and depression scores significantly increased during the COVID-19 outbreak compared with before the COVID-19 outbreak (p < 0.05). There were significant differences between groups in level of anxiety (p < 0.001) and stress (p = 0.04). Before the COVID-19 outbreak, burnout predicted 11%, 15% and 13% of the variance of anxiety, stress and depression, respectively. In addition, stress, monthly working hours and shift were variables that predicted 16% of the variance of burnout before COVID-19. The results of the present study showed that burnout during COVID-19 did not change significantly compared with before COVID-19. Anxiety, stress and depression increased significantly during COVID-19 compared with before COVID-19.Item Postpartum Depression and Its Correlates: A Cross-Sectional Study in Southeast Iran(Department of Marketing Management, Faculty of Commerce and Management Studies, University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka., 2021) Zakeri, Mohammad Ali; Dehghan, Mahlagha; Bazmandeh, Abbas ZakeriPostpartum depression has a negative impact on both infants and women. This study aimed to determine the correlates of postpartum depression in women in southern Iran. Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed on 186 mothers, who have recently given birth to a baby in Niknafs maternity ward of Rafsanjan in southern Iran from October 1, 2019 to February 30, 2020. Patients were selected by convenience sampling method. Data were collected using the demographic form, Prenatal Care Quality Scale Persian (QPCQ -P), Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale, Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale - 21 items 3 days after delivery and Edinburgh depression inventory and DASS-21 6 months after childbirth. Based on the EPDS scores, postpartum depression was 24.2% and 3.2% three days and six months after delivery, respectively. Anxiety, QPCQ and educational level predicted 34 % of the variance of EPDS 3 days after delivery (R2 = 34 %). Anxiety, type of delivery and stress predicted 24 % of the variance of EPDS six months after delivery (R2 = 24 %). According to the results, with an increase in stress and anxiety and reduction of the quality of prenatal care, the risk of postpartum depression increases. Therefore, the symptoms related to mood swings during pregnancy and after delivery should be carefully evaluated to prevent PPD. Psychological supports and interventions are recommended to promote the mental health of women before and after childbirth.Item Anxiety, Anger, and Mindfulness as Predictors of General Health in the General Population during Covid-19 Outbreak: A Survey in Southeast Iran(Department of Marketing Management, Faculty of Commerce and Management Studies, University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka., 2021) Dehghan, Mahlagha; Zakeri, Mohammad Ali; Malakoutikhah, Alireza; Derakhtanjani, Ahmad Salehi; Bazmandeh, , Abbas ZakeriCommunities have been exposed to the complications and problems caused by COVID-19 disease, which has had various and complex effects on general health. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between anxiety, anger, mindfulness and general health in the general population during the COVID-19 outbreak in Iran. This cross-sectional study was performed on 456 participants from the general population of Kerman city from September 2020 to April 2021. For data collection, Demographic Charectristics Form, General Health Questionnaire (GHQ), Freiburg Mindfulness inventory- Short Form (FMISF), The trait anxiety section of the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI), The State-Trait Anger Expression Inventory-2 (FSTAXI-2) were used. Pearson correlation coefficient was used to determine the relationship between variables and multivariate linear regression was used to identify GHQ predictors. General health was positively correlated with anxiety and anger and negatively correlated with mindfulness (P < 0.001). Anxiety was positively correlated with anger and negatively correlated with mindfulness (P < 0.001). No significant correlation was found between anger and mindfulness (P = 0.05). Based on multiple regression model, anxiety, anger and a family member infected with COVID-19 were the predictors of general health (F = 123.48, P < 0.001). Given that anxiety, anger, and family members infected with COVID-19 are all predictors of public health, it is suggested that psychological programs and interventions be designed to reduce anxiety and anger, as well as to support family members infected with COVID-19, in order to promote general health.