Sociology

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Author: search.filters.author.Subasinghe, Wasantha

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    A Social Aspect of Policy Implementation Challenges on Elders’ Social Protection
    (National Institute of Social Development, 2024-09) Subasinghe, Wasantha
    Aging is an universal phenomena which present significant implications and challenges for various challenge of them. Enabling the policy practice is the macro-level intervention strategy to ensure the social protection of elders. The effectiveness of these policies is deeply rooted in the socio economic and cultural context of given society. This study aim was to examine the challenges on the implementation of social policies for the elders in Sri Lanka focusing with Asian experiences. The research problem and the research question were ‘What kind of policy practices are implementing for the sake of social protection of elders in their country? And What are the prevailing policy implementation gaps on social protection of the elders? This paper focused on desk research approach with systematic review. The randomly selected two research studies done based on Pakistan and Nepal in related to the policy implementation on elder’s social protection. Both countries face the challenge of political instability affecting policy continuity and effectiveness. Nepal has a constitutionally mandated framework but struggles with practical implementation, while Pakistan's policies are influenced by religious traditions but lack modern comprehensive approaches. Both countries require significant improvements in governmental and administrative capacities. Nepal's challenges include bureaucratic inefficiencies and lack of trained personnel, while Pakistan needs to enhance its administrative capabilities to better implement and sustain programs. Economic vulnerability is a major challenge in both countries. Nepal faces financial constraints and infrastructure deficits, while Pakistan's elderly population struggles with severe economic insecurity. Both nations need sustainable funding solutions and improved service delivery mechanisms. Both countries have historical and cultural influences shaping their social protection policies. Nepal needs to better integrate modern applications with its cultural contexts, while Pakistan should combine religious principles with contemporary social protection frameworks for greater efficacy. The study concludes with recommending the enhancement of prevailing policies, administrative capacities, improving community engagement and long-term sustainability for optimizing the output in both countries to ensure social justice for the elders by empowering the social protection mechanism.
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    Sexual Child Abuse in Sri Lanka; A Comparative Factor Identification on Child and Child Abuse Perpetrators’ Social Background
    (National Institute of Social Development, 2024-09) Subasinghe, Wasantha
    According to the NCPA Report, there were 9673 in 2023 reported child abuse cases. The objective of this paper is to discuss the biopsychosocial consequences of child abuse and suggest the basic components of social support network programs to mitigate child abuse in Sri Lanka. This research is a comparative, descriptive study of child abuse in Sri Lanka. The study focused on analyzing related background factors of both sides of child and child abuse perpetrators. The research problem was to explore the risk factors and root factors that influence child abuse from both sides’ children and the perpetrators. The research was conducted with secondary and primary data. Background factors related to the abused child were revealed through randomly selected scholarly research articles. Perpetrators’ background was analyzed with primary data which was collected from semi-structured interviews of ten cases convicted for child abuse in the prison. The social background of child abuse is highly related to reasons such as lower educational levels of both child and the parents, low awareness of sexuality and child rights related to sexual and other types of abuse, insecurity family situation with poverty, drunken fathers, parents’ marriage mismatches and casual marriage relationships, and cultural acceptances and customs. Biopsychosocial symptoms of sexual child abuse can be identified from rape to death with kissing, touching of genital areas and organs, oral sex, showing and taking pictures of sexual images, and habitual sexual intercourse at home with close relatives. Most common child abuse perpetrators are biological fathers, stepfathers, school teachers, close relatives such as sisters’ husbands or uncles, father’s friends or close Nabors. Most perpetrators had negative childhood experiences, low education levels, low parental care, illicit drug use, and excessive sexual desire. Social support networks for mitigating child abuse should be focused on addressing risk factors including family, child, youth, and reputation of all groups and interference of government and volunteer agencies.
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    The contribution of school counselors and its barriers
    (2016) Subasinghe, Wasantha
    There are 9905 government schools in Sri Lanka in 2012. There are 4000000 students studying under these schools. Schooling is compulsory for children from 5 to 13 years of age. Education is state funded and offered free of charge at all levels, including the university level. School education of Sri Lanka has become very competitive from grade one to Advanced Level. There are three benchmark examinations as grade 5 scholarship examination, GCE O/L examination and GCE A/L examination. School counseling is an integral part of the education system in many countries. School counselors help to make learning a positive experience for every student. They are sensitive to individual differences. Counselors facilitate communication among teachers, parents, administrators, and students to adapt the school's environment in the best interests of each individual student. School counselors tend to have more direct involvement with more children; there is a great need to explore the factors that affect career path of students to guide them towards a better future through the success in education. Research problem: What is the main role of school counselors in Sri Lanka schools?? Research questions: 1. What is the role of student counselor? 2. What are the perceived barriers to facilitators for an effective service? Objectives: The main purpose is to identify the way of school counselor’s contribution to the students’ efficiency in their mental inconvenience to their education. Theoretical perspective: I focused on symbolic interactionism perspective to understand this complex situation and Sigmund Freud's iceberg theory model to identify the mind. Research methods: The survey method and case study method have been used as research methods. Data was collected using a structured questionnaire and semi structured interviews. Sample: There are three samples in the research as school counselors, teachers and students. In here, I have interviewed three school counselors, 30 teachers in boy’s school, girl’s school and mixed school in Gampaha district. Results and Discussion: There are no proper school counselors. They all are teachers and they do this job as extra responsibility. No extra earning. No proper physical place in the school. No proper training and guidelines. Lack of awareness programs. Low student enrollment. Lack of trust on counseling are the main issues relevant to school counseling programmes. Preparation of proper school counseling program is essential.
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    The way of school counseling in government schools: with special reference to Sri Lanka
    (2016) Subasinghe, Wasantha
    This paper focuses on school counseling and its effect on student’s educational efficiency. Counseling is an outside support that is given by the qualified person on professional counseling to encourage human life as quality way. Guidance and psychotherapy are other fields relates to counseling. All human being can be faced by the mental troublesomeness in complex social inter-relationships. It can be happened with children, young people, students, professionals, elders so on. Currently; students have high expectations in their life. On the hand; parents force them to work hardly to reach their goals. Within this multifaceted inspirations and other social issues and problems make many inconveniences among the students.
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    Sociological Analysis on Prisoners; with special reference to prisoners of Death Penalty and Life Imprisonment in Sri Lanka
    (2016) Subasinghe, Wasantha
    Capital punishment is legal in Sri Lanka as many other countries as India, Japan, Bangladesh, Iran and Iraq so on. When compared unconvicted prisoners from 2006-2010 there is an increase. It was 89190 in 2006 and it was 100191 in 2010. There were 28732 of convicted prisoners and it was 32128 in 2010. There were 165 Death sentences in 2006 and it was 96 in 2010. There are 540 individuals had been sentenced to death. The death penalty has not been implemented in Sri Lanka since 1976.Research problem: What are the main causes for getting capital punishment and life imprisonment? What are the feelings of prisoners as waiting for death?’ Objectives of the study were identifying prisoners’ point of view on their punishment and root causes for their offence.This was a basic research. Case studies were conducted to identify the research problem and data were collected using formal interviews. Research area was Welikada prison. Stratified sampling method in probability samplings was used. Sample size was 20 cases from death penalty and life in prison prisoners and 20 from other convicted prisoners. There were organized crimes and instantaneous crimes against human and property. Findings revealed causes and feelings them as offenders. Death penalty and life imprisonment were been punished especially for drug selling and murders. The end of life imprisonment decided by nature; but the date of death penalty will be decided by the president of the state. Still there is no decision on implementing the death penalty in Sri Lanka. These both categories of prisoners need if implementing death penalty or freedom. Some of them need to convert death sentence to life imprisonment. They are physically and mentally damaged after their imprisonment. Lack of hope and as well as lack of welfare and rehabilitation programs they suffered their lives in the prison.
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    A SOCIOLOGICAL STUDY ON CHILD ABUSE IN SRI LANKA
    (2015) Subasinghe, Wasantha; Sumedha, K.
    Children and women are the most vulnerable group of the human species. According to the definition of the United Nation’s Convention on Rights, a child is a human being below the age of 18 years unless under the law applicable to the child. Due to the immaturity and innocent nature they can be persuaded to take part in immoral activities and many such instances they are forced or cheated mostly by persons known or close to the family. Most incidents are reported from remote villages and disturbed families. There are physical and mental harassments against children. The recruitment of children as child soldiers, Child sex tourism, malnutrition, rape and murders are mostly occurring among them. In 1999, the National Child Protection Authority was established to address child abuse in Sri Lanka. The Authority is made up of local monitoring and child protection committees. However, child abuse in Sri Lanka is still remains.
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    A study on poverty and women unemployment
    (Department of Sociology, University of Kelaniya) Subasinghe, Wasantha; Sumedha, Kumudu
    Background This paper explores one of the key issues in current research on gender and development: the links between poverty and women's employment and underemployment. The nation?s economic crisis has deeply affected the lives of thousands of Sri Lankans. Unemployment has pulled the rug out from under many families, particularly those living in low-income communities. Deepening poverty is inextricably linked with rising levels of homelessness and food insecurity/hunger. Poverty can be considered as a central socio and economic problem. The women ratio is highly vital factor in concerning of current population statistics including women households, education level, and women workforce. The purpose of the study is looking the women unemployment and makes proposals to uplift the women?s contribution to the national economy. Objectives: To identify male vs. female unemployment, what extent is a woman's household economic status, which programs are most suitable for women for livelihood. Research question: What is the co-relation between poverty and women?s unemployment? Methodology: Survey method has been done for collecting primary data through structured questionnaires. FGDs and KII has done. Findings: The first phase of the project involves screening overall studies have shown very different effects of poverty, for different types of poverty: from income inequalities, to social exclusion and unemployment. The final phase involves the analysis provides strong evidence for a co-relation between household economic status and women's current employment status. This is true for the entire sample and for the married and unmarried women. The interplay of economic factors (in terms of household needs and aspirations) and cultural factors (in terms of women's position in the family as unmarried daughters as opposed to wives or daughters-in-law) as determinants of women's employment is important both on the supply side of the labour market and women's ability to obtain employment in an imperfect and almost saturated labour market in the context of Sri Lanka.
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    Impact of new housing scheme of estate workers on their improvement of livelihood (A comparative study of two settlements)
    (Department of Sociology, University of Kelaniya) Kumudu Sumedha; Subasinghe, Wasantha
    Due to the labour shortage for plantation works the British administration had to depend on Indian labour force. After bringing them to Sri Lankan estates, they have given ?line rooms? with poor facilities. Those plantation Tamils have been living as a segregated community in the plantation areas today even. But, after the independent governments concerned more on the improvement of the estate workers livelihood. As a result of that the Plantation Human Development Trust and the National Housing Development Authority played a key role in introducing new housing schemes for estate people. Therefore, this study has focused on two selected housing settlements in estate Poyston and estate Carolina in Ambagamuwa divisional secretariat division, Nuwara Eliya district, Sri Lanka. The main objective of the study was to identify the impact of the new housing settlements which were carried out by the government in the plantation sector as an alternative to the contemporary line rooms. This study has taken two research strategies namely, Survey Method and Comparative Method. Key informants? Interviews, Focused Group Discussions (FGDs), and observation also conducted. A significant change in the workers livelihood can be identified in both settlements. But it depends on the type of the house and the facilities it included.
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    A Sociological Study on Slum Dwellers
    (2nd International Research Symposium, Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities, Rajarata, University, Sri Lanka, 2014) Subasinghe, Wasantha
    Slums punctuate almost every city of the world. This has become a universal phenomenon accompanying with urban growth. Sri Lankan experience on slums is discussable and it is one of current topics of national policy planners. The ratio of slums will increase day by day with chronic problems. some sort of social trends have been occurred in urban areas such as economic activities, demographics, physical access and environmental risks. On the other hand it can be seen by the way of crimes, prostitution, odd jobs, attitudes etc. This situation can be seen in not only in Colombo but in Kandy, Galle, Kalutara as well as Jaffna in Sri Lanka. And the urban poverty is not a natural dilemma. It is a one of results of activities those who have done in last two three decades. In addition the policy makers didn?t or couldn?t put their keen attention on the town plan, which was well planned. As results of this situation slums and shanties have been created. Poverty has been created. Culture of poverty has been created.
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    Socio - Economic Consequences of CKD Families in North Central Province (With special Reference to Padawiya Area)
    (15th Annual Research Symposium, faculty of Graduate Studies, University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka, 2014) Subasinghe, Wasantha
    The concept of kidney disease is based on the presence of albuminuria and/or impaired renal function that lasts for more than three months. Kidney disease is associated with an increased total mortality and cardiovascular morbimortality in the general population. Chronic kidney disease is a one of worldwide public health problems. Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD), also known as chronic renal disease or chronic renal failure, is a degenerative, progressive condition marked by the gradual loss of kidney function. The experience is traumatic not only for the patients but also for their families who are frequently unable to provide the medical services needed due to the high cost of treatment. Optimally, CKD are treated with dialysis or kidney transplant. Chonic kidney disease of unknown etiology has emerged as a major health care problem in the North - Central of Sri Lanka during the last few decades. The aim of this study is to determine the prevalence of kidney disease and the identifying the responsibity of the government other authorities regarding solving this burning issue. Research problem is ?Socio - Economic effects of CKD patients? families in North central province?" Survey was conducted to identify the research problem and data was collected using questionnaires, Key Informant interviews and focus group interviews. Research area was Padawiya in Padawiya Divisional secretariat. Sample was selected as a random sample of patients with CKD in Padawiya. Following out comes were considered. As in developed countries, the most common symptoms of CKD are obesity, high blood pressure, and diabetes. There is a significant high rate of kidney patients in north central province in Sri Lankan context. Many researches were conducted to identify the causes and effects of the disease. Deferent researches have identified different causes including insecticides, fluoride water, poisons, arsenic, dehydration, drugs, smoking, affect from hard metals. Relevant to the research findings including spreading rate, sex ratio, geographical and environmental relations, food patterns, livelihood patterns, water resources are make a path to open a new discussion on these issues. The variables associated with the socio economic barriers relevant to family are more crucial. One-third of the sample population in this study has CKD patient. It makes very big problems their livelihood.