Chemistry

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Start date: 2020Has files: No

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    The Groundwater Geochemistry and the Human Health Risk Assessment of Drinking Water in anArea with aHighPrevalence of Chronic Kidney Disease of Unknown Etiology (CKDu), Sri Lanka
    (Journal of Chemistry, 2021, 2021) Botheju, W. S. M; Liyanage, J. A; Kannangara, S. D. P; Corchado, J.
    Chronic kidney disease of unknown etiology (CKDu) has become an alarming health issue in Sri Lanka. ,e disease is more notable among farming communities and people who consume groundwater as their main source of drinking ...
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    Hypoglycemic and Anti‑lipidemic Properties of Cinnamomum zeylanicum (“Sri Wijaya” Accession) Water‑soluble Nutraceutical in Streptozotocin‑induced Diabetic and Healthy Wistar Rats
    (Pharmacognosy Magazine, 2021) Jayawardena, B.; Madushika Wariyapperuma, W.N.; Thammitiyagodage, M.; Karunakaran, R.; Sisira Kumara, W.S.
    Background: Hyperglycemia is a serious health crisis worldwide, and more than 90% of the Sri Lankan patients effected with the condition have diabetes mellitus type 2. Natural therapeutic agents can manage the progression of the disease. Objectives: To investigate the hypoglycemic and antilipidemic effects of Cinnamomum zeylanicum (“Sri Wijaya” accession) water‑soluble nutraceuticals in diabetic‑induced and healthy Wistar rats. Materials and Methods: The diabetic and nondiabetic Wistar rats were treated with Cinnamon pressured water, Cinnamon decoction, pretreated pressured water Cinnamon extract for 1 month. The results were compared with the group treated with the positive control, Acarbose untreated normal group. Blood glucose and other biochemical parameters were estimated using commercial test kits. Results: There was a significant difference in the fasting serum glucose, food consumption, and water consumption in rats with induced diabetes. The total cholesterol level was significantly decreased in the normal groups treated with Cinnamon extracts, compared with the untreated groups. There was a significant increase in high‑density lipoprotein cholesterol levels in the normal group treated with pressured water Cinnamon extract and decoction when compared with the Acarbose‑treated diabetic group. Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels were significantly higher in the diabetic group treated with Acarbose than in all Cinnamon‑treated groups. However, no significant difference was shown in normal rat groups for aspartate aminotransferase and ALT. Conclusion: Cinnamon nutraceuticals have the potential to reduce hyperglycemia in diabetic rats. Cinnamon extracts may inhibit α‑amylase and α‑glucosidase enzymes in rat pancreatic tissues.
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    Antioxidant activity and chemical constituents of methanolic extract of Durio zibethinus Murr. (durian) peels
    (MEDICINAL PLANTS - INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOMEDICINES AND RELATED INDUSTRIES, 2021) Perera, P.J.; Binuwangi, A.K.D.M.; Silva, A.A.G.; Attanayake, R.N.; Wickramarachchi, S.R.; Rajapakse, C.S.K.
    This study aimed to determine the DPPH free radical scavenging activity, total phenolic content (TPC) and total flavonoid content (TFC) of methanolic extract of Durio zibethinus Murr. (durian) peels and its fractions. The chemical constituents of durian peels extracted into methanol by soxhlet extraction were sequentially extracted into hexane, dichloromethane and aqueous methanol. Among the fractions, the dichloromethane fraction showed the highest DPPH free radical scavenging activity (IC50 179.9 ± 6.6 μg/ml) with high TPC and TFC (85.82 ± 12.11 mg gallic acid equivalent/g of dried weight of extract and 12.66 ± 1.94 mg of quercetin equivalent/g of dried weight of extract, respectively). A very strong positive correlation (r = 0.9677) was observed between the DPPH free radical scavenging activity and the TPC of fractions and a strong positive correlation (r = 0.7858) was noticed between the DPPH free radical scavenging activity and TFC of the fractions indicating that phenolic compounds in durian peels may contribute to their strong antioxidant activity. As the dichloromethane fraction had constituents with the highest antioxidant activity, it was analyzed by Gas chromatography-Mass spectrophotometry to identify its volatile constituents. The results revealed that the dichloromethane fraction was rich in [1,2-Benzenedicarboxylic acid, bis (2-ethylhexyl) ester], [2,3-diphenylquinoxaline], [2-coumaranone], [4-((1E)-3-hydroxy-1-propenyl)-2-methoxyphenol], [7,9-di-tert-butyl-1-oxaspiro (4,5) deca-6,9-diene-2,8-dione] and [phenol, 2,4-bis(1,1-dimethylethyl)], which are known to exhibit antioxidant activity.