ISSRS 2023

Permanent URI for this collectionhttp://repository.kln.ac.lk/handle/123456789/27547

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The Impact of Facebook on Human Rights Violations against Young Women (Aged 18-28) in Sri Lanka
(Department of International Studies, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka, 2023) Malwaththa, M.M.S.M.; Nanayakkara, P.M.H.K.H.
The development of social media sites, especially Facebook, has changed the way people interact with and communicate with digital materials in recent years. Young women in Sri Lanka face challenges as they navigate online spaces where human rights violations such as online harassment and cyber bullying. The issue at stake is the need to fully understand and address Facebook's contribution to these human rights abuses in this particular Sri Lankan demographic. To free young women from the stress caused by Facebook. Conducting interviews and examining their experiences by providing data to a selected period of time as primary data. Data can be examined from information obtained from statistics and newspapers as secondary data. These secondary and primary data are examined from young women aged 18-28 years. Qualitative data can be obtained by conducting an interview with a selected group covering the districts of Sri Lanka. Study the data by giving a survey for a selected period covering the districts of Sri Lanka to obtain quantitative information. A conclusion can be reached about how the psychological impact of the violation of young women's rights affects the general well-being of life and the mechanisms that victims must overcome to report abuse in the protection of rights. Central guidelines to encourage women, to develop digital literacy, and internet safety, conduct workshops on digital citizenship, and enact laws in Sri Lanka.
Dynamics of Post-Pandemic Regionalism in Southeast Asia
(Department of International Studies, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka, 2023) Jayasuriya, D.
The Covid-19 pandemic has made the entire world rethink the future of regional cooperation. The closure of national borders, competition to secure vaccines as well as competition for post-pandemic economic recovery have become major hurdles in promoting greater regional cooperation. Today, globalization has been challenged, and nationalism and populism are gaining a greater say in international relations. In the case of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) it is now at crossroads. Being the most successful regional organization in the developing world, it is now regaining its momentum and striving its way back to becoming a major economic powerhouse. Against this backdrop, the main objective of this study is to analyze the role of regional cooperation in the post-pandemic recovery in Southeast Asia. It looks at regionalism in Southeast Asia from a constructivist perspective and attempts to understand the role of perspectives, experience, and mutual understanding in promoting regional cooperation. As far as the methodology of the study is concerned, this is qualitative research based on secondary data. The main sources of data collection include journal articles, annual reports, and websites. Looking the theoretical background of the study, it is based on constructivism, a more contemporary theory used to explain regional cooperation. Research findings suggest that post-pandemic recovery in Southeast Asia should be based on a more constructivist approach i.e. one based on shared experience and mutual cooperation. The study also calls for the importance of individuals in promoting regional cooperation.
Women's Economic Empowerment in Sri Lanka
(Department of International Studies, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka, 2023) Ovitigala, C.S.
This study focuses on women's economic empowerment in Sri Lanka, the measures implemented by the Ministry of Women, Child Affairs, and Social Empowerment to promote women's economic participation and assess their effectiveness. The study aims to understand the concept of women's economic empowerment, the measures taken by the Ministry, and their impact on women's economic empowerment in Sri Lanka. The research methodology involves a comprehensive review of existing literature, policy documents, and reports related to women's economic empowerment and the Ministry's initiatives. The study examines the measures implemented by the Ministry, such as skills development programs, access to financial resources, entrepreneurship support and policy advocacy. Through analysis and evaluation, the research assesses the outcomes and impact of these measures on women's economic empowerment, including factors such as increased employment opportunities, income generation, access to financial services, and improved socio-economic conditions. The study also identifies any gaps, challenges, or limitations that hinder the full realization of women's economic empowerment in Sri Lanka. Based on the findings, the research provides recommendations for further improvement and advancement in women's economic empowerment efforts. These recommendations include enhancing access to education and skills development, promoting financial inclusion, strengthening market linkages, and advocating for gender-responsive policies. Overall, the study emphasizes the importance of ongoing efforts to promote women's economic empowerment in Sri Lanka and suggests strategies to further enhance the Ministry's initiatives for a more inclusive and prosperous society.
Indo-Sri Lanka Peace Accord Act of 1987 How Could Pave the Path to Political Stability in Sri Lanka
(Department of International Studies, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka, 2023) Thilakasiri, H.W. Akila Thushara
In Sri Lanka, the civil war fought from 1983 to 2009 was shaped by ethnic rivalry between the majority Sinhala and the minority Tamil. On the surface level whether the end result was defeating the Tamil militancy (LTTE) by Sri Lanka's government military forces, this ethnic rivalry resulted in political instability long lasted for 30 years. Sri Lanka's civil war phenomena had its foreign interferences likewise China, India, USA, and Pakistan, and from those countries, the Indian impact was very heavy in terms of foreign intervention. The Indo-Lanka peace accord signed on 29th July 1987 demanded the Sri Lanka government to devolve power to the provinces and it included Sri Lanka to merge the northern and Eastern provinces into one administrative unit. Devolution of power and establishment of provincial councils act were crucial demands from the Indo-Sri Lanka Peace Accord Act. The 13th amendment to the constitution mentioning devolved power by creating 09 provinces also resulted from the Indo-Sri Lanka peace accord whether it is still not powered by the Sri Lankan government. Therefore, the main objective of this research is to explore the power devolution demand action to the provincial councils derived through the Indo-Sri Lanka Peace Accord and examine how those changes could pave the path to political stability in Sri Lanka. To reach the above-mentioned objective, a qualitative method was used, which was primarily based on secondary data gathered from diverse sources including journal articles, reports, and related literature. This study comparatively focus on Nigerian example of Federalism and what about we can gain through their experience and also what we can accept or avoid. The research findings suggest the relationship between federalism and political stability in Sri Lanka and how a healthy federation can be a political panacea for political instability.
An Overview of European Union Green Deal Plan
(Department of International Studies, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka, 2023) Ariyarathna, G.D.S.U.
Climate change can be known as one of severe threats in the existing world. In order to positively address the crucial challenges of climate change and environmental degradation in 2019 the European union launched green deal plan. Through this environmental policy EU aims to makes the economy of member states more environmentally friendly also find solutions for major challenges such as climate change, the scarcity of natural resources and emission of pollution gases and finally being the first climate neutral region by 2050. This paper reviews the main actions that has implemented by EU to positively address the climate change under the green deal plan. Through this paper author aims to deeply discuss and analyze about the strategies used by EU to achieve climate neutrality and challenges that can arise when implementing those strategies of new transition. The European union policy reports, journal articles, published papers used as sources to gather data. Both quantitative and qualitative research approaches are used to evaluate the progress made towards the plan‟s objectives and offer recommendations. In context this research study provides a comprehensive analysis of European union green deal plan and its implications on achieving development goals and addressing climate changes.
Exploring Mass Media's Role in Shaping Public Perception of China's Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) in Sri Lanka
(Department of International Studies, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka, 2023) Gimsara, M.K.
In a period dominated by China's Belt and Road Initiative (BRI), it's pivotal to understand the mass media's role in shaping public perception. This study focuses on how Sri Lanka‟s media portray BRI Projects in Sri Lanka and its impact on the public perception. This research has three objectives; to examine how media portrays BRI in Sri Lanka, identify its impact on public perception, and eventually to understand how it affects Sri Lankans' view of BRI. This study will bridge knowledge gaps regarding the interplay between mass media, public perception, and the BRI while offering insight of media's role in shaping public perception and foreign policy. The research methodology used is a mixed-method approach combined with Norman Fairclough's critical Disclosure Analysis (CDA) with surveys to examine the media's impact on public perception. CDA examines different media from 2014-2022, such as TV and newspapers in Sri Lanka to identify prevailing themes, narratives, and patterns in BRI coverage. Surveys measure the media's influence on public perception, assaying Sri Lankans' views toward the BRI. The findings reveal a shifting public perception of China's BRI in Sri Lanka. Originally, from 2014 to 2017, the media portrayed the BRI as a positive force for Sri Lanka's economic development. The Hambantota port lease in 2017 triggered concerns about debt traps, leading to a more negative view. From 2018 to 2022, amongst the COVID-19 epidemic and economic crisis, the media's criticism of Chinese BRI investments intensified. The research emphasizes how the media's criticisms significantly influenced the public perception, with varying impacts based on individual demographics which contributed to a shift toward more negative views of the BRI in Sri Lanka.
Break the Bias; Women’s Political Participation to Achieve Gender Equality Today for a Sustainable Tomorrow (A Study under Women Parliamentarians’ Caucus in Parliament of Sri Lanka)
(Department of International Studies, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka, 2023) Hathiyaldeniya, R.M.H.P.M.
Women's political participation is a political concept that occupies a unique place in the practical political curriculum. Women naturally engage in political participation as it integrates with their lifestyle and is one aspect of their life journey. But depending on each other's opinions and attitudes, their levels of participation in politics may vary. This research based on „How has Sri Lanka achieved Women‟s Political Participation while achieving Gender Equality? This was done on behalf of the Women's Caucus of the Parliament of Sri Lanka. The purpose of this is to show that it is possible to achieve gender equality today and move towards a sustainable tomorrow through women's political participation. For this study, a sample of the 12 female MPs representing the women's caucus of the Parliament of Sri Lanka was selected, and information was obtained through the dual methods of primary and secondary data, i.e., questionnaires, books, reports, and the internet. According to the data analysis using Excel tables and graphs, the final conclusion was that there is no gender equality in Sri Lanka, and women's political participation is essential to achieve it. Through that, we can move towards a sustainable tomorrow. There are many proposals, such as empowering women at the local level to create gender equality through increasing women's political participation, asking women's opinions in decision-making, providing theoretical and practical knowledge, improving the representation system, and giving a percentage value to women on the national list and the list of political parties. Through this women‟s political participation, gender equality can be established and steps can be taken today for a sustainable tomorrow.
Covid-19 Vaccine Diplomacy as a Soft Power Tool: A Comparative Study of China, Russia and India
(Department of International Studies, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka, 2023) Samarasingha, N.V.N.N.
Regarding the worldwide Covid-19 pandemic China, Russia, and India have employed Covid-19 vaccine diplomacy strategies to enhance their soft power influence on the international stage. China has partnered with over 20 developing countries, enhancing the mercerization of its vaccines. India supplied 60 million doses abroad in mid- March 2021, bilaterally supplying vaccines to 48 countries. Russia has pledged to provide the Russian vaccine to anyone and UN staff for free, and the Russian Direct Investment Fund promotes Sputnik V abroad. This research aims to address this gap by conducting a comparative analysis of China, Russia, and India's Covid-19 vaccine diplomacy initiatives, with a focus on understanding the challenges and opportunities they pose in reshaping international relations and perceptions of these nations as global actors. The Objectives of this research are analyse and compare the strategies employed by China, Russia, and India in their Covid-19 vaccine diplomacy efforts , measure the effectiveness of these strategies in enhancing their soft power, building international alliances, and achieving diplomatic goals. This research topic is significant as it examines the multifaceted role of vaccine diplomacy in international relations, with a focus on major global players, contributing to a better understanding of the evolving dynamics of diplomacy in the 21st century. This study use mixed method by using primary and secondary data. The Study's findings suggest that their strategies of vaccine diplomacy are enabled as well as constrained by their economic realities, and the rise of these countries in this field does not necessarily mean an outright challenge to the existing international system.
The Impact of Sri Lanka’s Post-Pandemic Visa Policy on the Revival of its Tourism Sector
(Department of Industrial Management, Faculty of Science, University of Kelaniya Sri Lanka, 2023) Sheriffdeen, Azeeza; De Silva, Chirathma Wanasinghe
Tourism plays a pivotal role in the economic and development landscape of Sri Lanka serving as a significant contributor to the country‟s GDP. The industry was adversely affected by the COVID-19 pandemic resulting in adverse economic consequences. At present, the country‟s tourism sector is making efforts to regain its prominence. Alongside the recovery of the tourism industry, Sri Lanka has implemented several post pandemic visa policy changes. The research centers on identifying a decline in long-term tourist stays in the island-nation, a phenomenon with far reaching implications for Sri Lanka‟s economy even if the government announces the profitability of the new visa regulations. By examining the primary source markets for Sri Lanka‟s tourism in both pre and post pandemic context, this study delves into how the altered visa system has impacted the duration of tourist‟s visit. The study conducts a comparative analysis to compare the disparities between the duration of tourist stay in the country before and after the pandemic outbreak. This study demonstrates that the period of tourist stay has declined in the post-pandemic era. It further illustrates that the changes of visa policy in the post COVID-19 context is a significant cause for such decline. The research uses both primary and secondary data in gathering information. The objective of the study is to demonstrate how the renewed visa regulations have affected Sri Lanka‟s tourism, hotel sector and overall economy and presents recommendations for reforms in the renewed visa process.
China and Sri Lanka Relations in the Context of Vaccine Diplomacy
(Department of International Studies, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka, 2023) Gunasekara, N.R.A.R.S.
In an increasingly interconnected world, diplomacy has taken on new dimensions and strategies. One of the most prominent and urgent aspects of contemporary diplomacy is vaccine diplomacy, a practice that has gained global attention amid the COVID-19 pandemic. Vaccine diplomacy involves the use of vaccines as a tool for fostering international relations, building influence, and advancing geopolitical agendas. China, as a major global player, has been at the forefront of vaccine diplomacy, and its relations with countries like Sri Lanka have come under the spotlight. This comprehensive analysis aims to examine the intricate dynamics of China and Sri Lanka's relations within the context of vaccine diplomacy and aims to shed light on the implications for global health, regional politics, and bilateral ties. While there is adequate literature on China‟s vaccine diplomacy, there is no consensus on how it affects the relations between China and Sri Lanka. To accomplish those objectives, qualitative secondary data sources such as books, journal articles, government reports, official statements, and press releases from both Chinese and Sri Lankan sources are analyzed. According to the findings of the study, it can be mentioned that Vaccine diplomacy has served as a diplomatic tool to enhance bilateral relations between Sri Lanka and China. It has deepened their strategic partnership in the health sector and reinforced Sri Lanka's dependence on China. Beyond the immediate health benefits, Sri Lanka's engagement with China in vaccine diplomacy is intertwined with broader economic and strategic considerations, including infrastructure development and the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI). Overall, the dynamic relationship between Sri Lanka and China within the realm of vaccine diplomacy has emerged as a multifaceted and evolving strategic partnership.
The Major Determinant Factors Driving Youth Migration in Sri Lanka from 2019 to 2023
(Department of International Studies, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka, 2023) Wickramasinghe, Yasaru
This journal article examines the significant determinant factors that have shaped youth migration trends in Sri Lanka between 2019 and 2023. The study aims to shed light on the multifaceted motivations behind youth migration and their implications for individuals and the broader society. Employing a mixed-methods approach, based on secondary data sources such as e-journals, newspaper articles, news, migration reports, e-articles, websites, e-books, e-data base, and other all kinds of e-sources. To analyze collected data, the method of content analysis is used. The analysis reveals a complex interplay of economic, social, and political factors that have contributed to the rise in youth migration. The economic factors include limited employment opportunities, insufficient wages, and a desire for better livelihood prospects, which have driven young Sri Lankans to seek opportunities abroad. Additionally, the study highlights the role of social factors such as family networks and transnational ties that influence migration decisions. Cultural and educational aspirations also play a part in driving youth to explore new horizons. Moreover, the study delves into the policy landscape and its impact on youth migration. It identifies how policy frameworks addressing education, job creation, and social welfare influence the decisions of young individuals to either migrate or remain in the country. The analysis underscores the need for comprehensive policy measures that address the root causes of youth migration, ensuring that the talents and potential of the country's youth population are effectively harnessed for national development. The findings of this study contribute to a deeper understanding of the dynamics driving youth migration in Sri Lanka during the specified period. The nuanced insights presented in this article serve as a foundation for informed policy discussions and strategies aimed at promoting inclusive development, reducing brain drain, and fostering sustainable opportunities for the country's youth. The research underscores the major driving forces of migration and the importance of taking a holistic approach that acknowledges the intertwined nature of economic, social, and policy factors in shaping migration trends and their implications for the future of Sri Lanka.
BRI & Geo-economics of the 21st Century: A Case Study of Sino Sri Lanka Relations
(Department of International Studies, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka, 2023) Methmal, Bathila
This research paper explores the geo-economics of the 21st century, focusing on the bilateral relationship between China and Sri Lanka within the context of the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI). The study investigates the major challenges faced by Sri Lanka during the post-civil conflict era and examines the nature of financial and development assistance provided by China. It also assesses whether Sri Lanka has effectively utilized Chinese financial assistance for its development. The research aims to identify the impact of Chinese investments on Sri Lanka's actual development, understand the key challenges hindering Sri Lanka's development progress, and explore the nature of financial and development assistance from China. Adopting a qualitative research approach, this study relies on secondary data to collect reliable information. Qualitative content analysis is utilized as the data analysis technique to analyze the collected data. The findings of this research reveal that Chinese investments alone are not the sole cause of Sri Lanka's current debt burden. Rather, the mismanagement of many Chinese investments by the Sri Lankan government has contributed to this situation. These findings highlight the complex dynamics of the Sino-Sri Lanka relationship and emphasize the importance of effective governance and management in maximizing the benefits of foreign investments for sustainable development. The research contributes to the existing knowledge on the BRI and its implications for developing countries, providing insights specific to the case of Sri Lanka. Policymakers and practitioners can use these findings to understand the challenges and risks associated with such partnerships and to inform future strategies for maximizing the positive impacts of Chinese investments while mitigating potential risks. Ultimately, the research aims to support evidence-based decision making and sustainable development in Sri Lanka and other countries engaged in the BRI.
Analyzing the Economic Growth of Sri Lanka after the Post Pandemic Era with Special Reference to Tourism Industry
(Department of International Studies, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka, 2023) Kavindya, M.K.U.; Gamlath, G.R.Y.M.
The tourist sector is one of Sri Lanka's most significant sources of revenue. But due to the absence of tourists visiting Sri Lanka because of the pandemic's effects, the economy significantly deteriorated during that time. All Sri Lankans' lives were drastically altered because of this economic disaster. The significance of this is to lay the foundation needed to develop Sri Lanka's economic prosperity. The authorities responsible for the tourism sector have, however, put into practices several strategies, including improving digital presence and online marketing, adopting health and safety protocols and certification schemes, offering financial relief and stimulus packages, supporting the unofficial sector and community-based tourism, and strengthening institutional capacity and coordination. Additionally, it is evident that the tourism sector is rebounding significantly thanks to non-authority sources' efforts for revenue generation, employment opportunities, infrastructure development, and cultural exchange. As a direct result of the expanding tourism sector, Sri Lanka's economy is also expanding to some extent. Research literature, Articles, Web sites, Journals are used as secondary data in this research. Several countries such as United Arab Emirates, Greece, Egypt and also South Asian countries such as Vietnam and Thailand have focused on developing their tourism industries in the post-pandemic era to stimulate economic growth and recovery. This study highlights Sri Lanka's economic recovery post-pandemic due to the collapse of the tourism sector. However, current measures are insufficient. But suggests implementing politically required measures could boost the economy and potentially revive other nations' tourism sectors.
Women in Politics through the UN Democracies Governance Framework with Special Reference to Sri Lanka, Nepal
(Department of International Studies, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka, 2023) Pathirathne, P.B.S.R.
This study explores the women‟s political participation and representation within the framework of United Nations democracies governance, while focusing on the case studies of Sri Lanka and Nepal. The ultimate objective of this study is to evaluate the progress, challenges which are women facing in politics, and how United Nations democratic principles impact on women's political involvement in these South Asian nations. “Women hold up half the sky” this statement typically manifests the value of women's role in the society. Women should be well educated, socialized, and supported by the legal framework of government. However, the female political representation seems to be not admirable than the male political participation. Lots of countries initiate allocation for equal political representation via gender basis. However, Sri Lanka is praised for being the foremost country which conceded right to vote for women in Asia. Nowadays Sri Lanka has conveyed some pragmatic steps to tackle crucial gap in female‟s local context political representation. Over the past 20 years, Nepal has achieved significant advancement in the areas of equality for women, women rights, and empowering women. The Nepal Government has launched a significant number of legislation changes aimed at eliminating gender-based discrimination. This study involved a mixed research method. The primary data were gathered through firsthand research and surveys. Secondary data found by questionnaires, and interviews. Moreover, the study measuring the effectiveness of various gender-sensitive policies and initiatives and attempts to figure out effective techniques and highlight possible barriers faced by women in political involvement by evaluating the distinctive situations and experiences of these nations. Hence, the results will help us understand how to use the UN framework to alleviate gender imbalances and promote inclusive democracies. It will examine how socioeconomic circumstances, institutional constraints, and cultural norms affect women's involvement.
Political Conflict between India and China in 2022
(Department of International Studies, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka, 2023) Dasanayaka, D.H. Dinelka
China and India have a shared history characterized by complex diplomatic ties, territorial disputes, and intermittent wars. In recent years, tensions escalated over border demarcations and strategic interests, leading to a renewed focus on their interactions on both regional and global stages. This research aims to examine the underlying political forces that stoked the war between China and India in 2022. In 2022, the India-China political conflict attracted scholarly attention due to its geopolitical, economic, and regional implications. Researchers also explored the influence of major global powers, emphasizing its significance. The stability of the Asian region is impacted by relations between China and India, two major players. Both countries' economies are expanding quickly and entangled in international supply chains. The intensification of the conflict might stymie business operations in the area and elsewhere, which would have an impact on trade, investment, and the world economy. This research conducted quantitative and qualitative data using primary and secondary sources. Primary sources include official statements, speeches, and policy documents from Indian and Chinese leaders, offering insights into their perspectives and justifications. There are several viable answers to this political conflict. Diplomatic engagement, multilateral negotiations, and confidence-inspiring measures might facilitate de-escalation. Intensified communication between the leaders of China and India could foster understanding and close perception gaps. International organizations can also aid in finding peaceful solutions by offering venues for arbitration and mediation. The political conflict between India and China in 2022 underscores the intricate nature of international relations. Understanding the nature of their conflicts is crucial for promoting regional stability and collaboration because both countries continue to play important roles on the international scene.
Analyzing the Role of Sri Lankan Defense Forces in Response to COVID-19
(Department of International Studies, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka, 2023) Baddawela, Y.M.K. Yapa; Upananda, R.M.S.M.; Dissanayake, R.D.D.T.
The outbreak of COVID-19 in Sri Lanka posed many challenges to Sri Lankan healthcare and administrative infrastructure. The defense forces visibly played a vital role in managing the outburst of the pandemic while keeping the outcome within manageable limits. While the country had a hard time with mitigating the spread, the role of the Sri Lankan defense forces emerged as pivotal in addressing the pandemic‟s multi-faceted impact. The study aims to assess the involvement and effectiveness of the Sri Lankan defense forces in managing the COVID-19 pandemic. It highlights the collaborative approach of Sri Lanka in managing a global health crisis, emphasizing the importance of defense forces in supplementing national responses beyond their traditional roles. The study employed a qualitative approach, using Secondary data from existing research papers, official documents, reports, and media briefings. The data gathered through the research are analyzed in order to identify the effectiveness of the role played by the defense forces. Defense forces played a pivotal role in logistical support, quarantine facilities establishment, and contact tracing. Also, public trust in the defense forces was instrumental in ensuring compliance with health guidelines. It can be seen that the Sri Lankan defense forces played a significant role in effectively responding to COVID-19. Their involvement showcased a collective approach to crisis management, demonstrating the adaptability of defense institutions. To further enhance readiness for future health crises, formal training modules can be introduced in the defense curriculum focusing on pandemic response.
Balancing Foreign Policy between Neighbors and Friends: The Case of Sri Lanka
(Department of International Studies, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka, 2023) Jayathilake, Anudi
The concept of Foreign Policy is vividly portrayed as a strategic sequence of activities within a global arena. States possess vivid foreign policies which are aimed to achieve National Interests along with a main consideration to economic, social, and cultural sectors. Sri Lanka‟s foreign policy is formulated on the basis of the policies of leaders. Different leaders have emphasized the importance of establishing healthy relations with the neighbors, India and friends, China. Mrs. Sirimavo Bandaranaike‟s foreign policy stands unique in balancing the foreign policy between neighbors and friends. This research paper extensively describes the Sri Lankan perspective of maintaining equilibrium in foreign policy focusing on the trailblazing foreign policy of the elegant leader Sirimavo Bandaranaike. Hence, the research paper vividly analyses on how the strategies employed by Mrs. Bandaranaike namely, shuttle diplomacy, balance of power and the policy of non- Alignment aided in balancing the foreign policy while encountering the changing nature of geopolitics. The vibrant research methodology includes a detailed data analysis via a specific range of primary and secondary sources which includes research papers, journal articles, books, letters, government documents, speeches, and interviews. Subsequently, this research becomes significant as it portrays an overview on the efficient maintenance of equilibrium of the Sri Lankan foreign policy and how the modern politicians could utilize the same strategies to address key issues. The specific research findings elaborate on the pivotal analysis on the establishment of strong and healthy relations with the Communist bloc via the strategy of “Balance of Power”. Thereby, it aims to counterbalance the Indian influence and reduce the interdependency. Hence, the vibrant research recommends the application of a Non-Aligned foreign policy strategically within modern politics.
The Dissemination of South Korean Cultural Soft Power in Sri Lanka
(Department of International Studies, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka, 2023) Senarathne, H. M. Kasuni Ishara; Dayarathne, A. Desha Rantarakavi; Jayasinghe, Tharushi Udayangi
Over the last decade, South Korea has captivated the world using the concept of soft power. As an emerging power country, South Korea has embraced culture as a primary source of soft power to influence the international system. The rise of South Korean culture in Sri Lanka within a short period of time is remarkable. The Hallyu or Korean Wave of South Korea is a cultural phenomenon that promotes South Korean culture on a global scale. In Sri Lanka, the first wave consisted of Korean dramas dubbed in the local language, while the second wave consisted of Korean pop music. The present New Hallyu Era comprises Korean online games, cuisine, fashion and beauty products which demonstrate South Korea's soft power in Sri Lanka. The primary objective of this paper was to investigate the implementation of culture as a soft power tool by South Korea and how it affects Sri Lanka. Both qualitative and quantitative methodologies were employed to conduct this study. Primary data were gathered using questionnaires and interviews from a selected number of participants while secondary data was gathered from online sources, journals and reports. A descriptive-analytical method was used to analyze the collected data. The research findings indicate that the dissemination of soft power has positively impacted Sri Lankans' perceptions towards South Korea. It has also led them to make an effort to learn and understand Korean culture and language. Moreover, Sri Lankans have been inspired to work in Korean companies which are in Sri Lanka and their desire to provide labor for South Korea was visible. Additionally, it builds a desire to visit South Korea for higher studies and to interact with South Korean people. In conclusion, this paper affirms that South Korea has been successful in using its culture to promote its image at the international level.
A Study of Buddhist Principles Revealed in the Saleyyaka Sutta about the Protection of Human Rights Special Reference to Sri Lanka
(Department of International Studies, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka, 2023) Chakma, Ratan Alo
Human rights are inherent to all human beings and every person, regardless of race, gender, nationality, ethnicity, language, religion, or any other status. Despite Sri Lanka's identity as a predominantly Buddhist country, significant human rights violations occur on the island. Therefore, the prime objective of this research is to analyze human rights violations in Sri Lanka. This study identifies severe human rights violations such as killing, torture, ethnic violence, and freedom of expression. This study examines the mechanisms in place to protect human rights in Sri Lanka. It explores the application of the Buddhist scripture Saleyyaka Sutta and related Buddhist teachings as a means of protecting and promoting human rights. Qualitative secondary data including scholarly articles, local news reports, research papers, and books authored by local and international individuals have been collected and analyzed. Relevant case studies are presented with visual aids such as photographs, and illustrative examples of human rights, compelling arguments, and legal frameworks are examined which are collected from local newspapers and online news platforms. This data provides valuable insight into the nature and extent of human rights violations in the country. The findings of this study shed light on the importance of individual behaviors such as physical conduct, verbal conduct, and mental conduct as the primary factors contributing to human rights violations in Sri Lanka. Using principles derived from the Saleyyaka Sutta, this research advocates a framework that emphasizes human rights protection and accountability. This research contributes to a broader understanding of the human rights landscape in Sri Lanka and particularly highlights the potential role of Buddhist teachings in protecting human rights. By investigating the analysis through the examination of specific case studies, this study provides valuable insights to policymakers, advocates, and stakeholders in the pursuit of improved human rights practices in Sri Lanka.
Global Health Governance and Reforms in the Post Pandemic World to Address Health Emergencies: A Case Study on World Health Organization (WHO)
(Department of International Studies, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka, 2023) Ambegoda, A.L.S.S.
The Covid-19 pandemic has been able to expose a set of most critical flaws in the global health governance system. As a result, the international community understood the necessity of major reforms to enhance preparedness and coordination to address the health issues in the post pandemic world. In the global arena, World Health Organization is considered as a pivotal institution that contributes to navigate the global health governance. The main research problem of this research is to identify the global health governance and reforms for the WHO. The objective of the study is to investigate how the COVID-19 pandemic affected global health governance, highlighting the accomplishments and shortcomings of the current system and the urgent need for reform. It assesses feasible plans for enhancing the organization's capability to successfully address critical health emergencies in the future while guaranteeing equal access to healthcare and vaccines. To achieve the research objective, both qualitative and quantitative methods will be used to identify the achievements and shortcomings of the WHO during the pandemic and secondary data will be taken as the main type of data obtained from books, journal articles, and websites. This research provides valuable insights into the evolving landscape of international health governance in the wake of global health emergencies. The study's findings offer critical recommendations that can inform policy decisions and actions aimed at strengthening the WHO's capacity to respond swiftly and efficiently to global health crises and to mitigate future health crises effectively.