Sport and Recreation Management
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Item Students Participation in Sporting Activities: A case study, University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka(Faculty of Graduate Studies, University of Kelaniya, 2009) Perera, B.L.H.; Jayantha, K.; Gunarathna, M.; Ramanayaka, N.The University spends annually a considerable amount of their funds for the development of sport facilities. The amount spent on sport facilities has to be evaluated by comparing total spent with the number of students participating sporting activities. This condition indicates a verity of indicators. The administrators’ states that the students are engaged in activities other than sports and the existing facilities are underutilized. Time restrictions arising from the existing academic schedule also affects the participation of students in sports. This kind of poor participation in sports activities by students cannot be ignored as the current undergraduates are the future human resources of the nation. It has to be emphasized that physical and mental well-being is a fundamental factor. As such it is very important to have a closer look at this demand and supply mismatch and which leads to fulfill the objectives of the university. Data were collected for the study via a questionnaire which consists of closed questions. Data were gathered by the students following sport management module from the undergraduates who are engaged in sport activities at the Physical Education Division. All respondents in the sample (n=400) were being full-time students. Out of them 73%, 16.5%, 20.5% are represented in the stream of Arts, Science and Commerce and 58.8%, 19.0%, 14.3%, 8.0% level 1 to 4 undergraduates respectively. Through the structured questionnaire information on eight motivating factors for participation in sport activities were evaluated. Reasons given for participating in sport activities were varied and different in the case of each individual.Item Do the Students Evaluate Correctly: A case study, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka(Faculty of Graduate Studies, University of Kelaniya, 2009) Jayantha, K.; Gunarathna, M.; Ramanayaka, N.; Nayanananda, W.Universities are predominantly engaged in two activities: teaching and research. Teaching is defined as dissemination of knowledge and research is defined as generating knowledge. Both activities are equally important. There is lot of criticism from several quarters on the passive role played by the universities in Sri Lanka with regard to teaching and research. The private sector which provides most of job opportunities for the graduates who pass out from university are not satisfied with their quality. The primary objective of the university apart from teaching is to carry out research. But the national universities are not satisfies with their research contribution. There are several criticisms levels of the graduates recently produced by the national universities. The critics’ questioned about the application of skills and the evaluation of skills of the graduates. Others argue that their English proficiency is low and their lack of computer literacy. The criticisms made by these groups are still valid with regard to the graduates in the Art Stream. Today it seems that there is kind of threat or competition to the National Education System (NES). Here is an Alternative Education System (AES) developed by the private sector from primary education to basic degree and postgraduate education. The huge demand and the profitability in the education sector may be strengthened further from such a development. The criticism on national university education may have got some backing support to increase the demand of the private sector opportunities. The criticism against the university education has been taken in to consideration by the interested authorities. In finding solutions one can identify two problems namely lack of proficiency of English and lack of computer literacy. Generally, it can be argued that making graduands acquainted with skills to match the outside demand is the solution for this problem. Universities are not bound to generate a workforce for companies whether they are public or private. Universities make men/women to serve the nation with analytical knowledge. In this research, this category of group is named as conventional School (CS). In this scenario, it is very important to understand clearly the problem at first and then arrive at solutions appropriately since it is tightly connected with the NES. We have to consider whether group one or two or both criticisms are correct. Which group MS or CS has made close solutions to reality? These are the problems discussed in this study. This study argues that to build an ideal graduate the teaching and evaluation process should be reconciled to each other and they should gradually go up to a high level of skills. The Bloom’s taxonomy was used to evaluate the student evaluation process of the Faculty of Social Sciences. Question papers related to the first semester of the academic year 2007/2008 were evaluated. The surveys cover all the departments in the faculty and papers at all levels and course unite were considered. The results proved that the process of evaluation is poor; in some areas the standards of the questions set did not pass the first of second stage of Bloom’s Taxonomy.Item Results Oriented Vs. Process Oriented(University of Kelaniya, 2008) Jayantha, K.As the same as the people in the Asian region Sri Lankan in culture are basically group oriented as well as process oriented, and enough supportive evidence can be found throughout the written Sri Lankan history. the year 1505 which the year began to colonization Sri Lanka can be defined as the turning point of cultural values and belief of Sri Lanka nation. Until colonization it was a group oriented and a process oriented nation. With the colonization it was transplanted western culture that was lead to the individualism and result oriented society. But the Buddhism and the agricultural society which created the base of the Sri Lankan culture is still exist, and individualism and result oriented pattern of thinking also there in action. When they are doing something normally Sri Lankan say doing it by hook or by crook. The real Sinhala term in this statement is Kokken hor Kekken. Sometimes achieving targets they are saying doing it by good way or in bad way. The Sinhala term is Honding hor Naraking. It is seem to be gap between Sri Lankan real culture which is lead to groupanism and process oriented and organizational culture which is lead to individualism and result oriented. This cultural disparity direct to less performance of organizations. We need to have management culture goes with Sri Lankan culture in order to get the maximum performance of an organization. The aim of this study was to identify and develop a Sri Lankan management pattern based on management tools that are practicing in the Asian region. For this purpose, developed varies types processes using numbers of management tools like 5S, Kaizen, Poka-Yoke, Lean, Zero Defects, Six Sigma, Visual Management, IT technology and these processes were tested for several years. these processes finally not only given the targeted results but also could reduce or eliminate some wastes, form a happy workforce and systematic working culture.Item Winning Medals at Olympic Games: Socio-economic, Demographic, Political and Environmental Influences(Faculty of Graduate Studies, University of Kelaniya, 2013) Jayantha, K.This particular study titled “Winning Medals at Olympic Games: Socio-economic, Demographic, Political and Environmental Influences” was carried out with special reference to 2000, 2004 and 2008 Olympic Games. This study was thoroughly undertaken by the researcher by focusing on the problem of why countries show different performance in Olympics. There are four objectives set to be achieved by this study, of which the key objective was to examine the influences of factors affecting the Olympic performance. The researcher carried out an extensive literature review to provide a conceptual background of the study, to develop a conceptual model, and to formulate hypotheses for the study. Altogether three different Olympic Games, 80, 74, 87 countries and 921, 929, 958 medals respectively were selected for the survey. In addition, a formal methodological choice was made in this context further purpose of getting the study systematic. Accordingly, sample selecting, data collecting processing, conceptualization, and operationalization were made in a scientific manner. Having tested the hypotheses a sound analysis of data was made here. From the analysis made the researcher was able to make certain vital findings, which have been revealed at the end. Based on the findings made it was able to reach a better conclusion which paved the path to make recommendations and suggestions for future research. Certain conclusions were made from the study after carrying out detail scientific analysis of data using appropriate statistical tools. The conclusion was based on the factors affecting to Olympic performance such as size of population of countries, GDP per capita, HDI, communist background and host city advantages of particular countries in particular Olympic years. In all Olympic Games showed weak relationship between these variables and Olympic performance. Based on the findings of the study number of recommendations were made to the sport authorities and researchers in the field of sport to improve sport performance in their countries in future. Resulting from implementations, the respective benefits will be yielded by not only Sri Lankan sport, but aggregate Sri Lankan economy also at last.Item Degree of Integration of the Indigenous Managers into Japanese Management Practices of Japanese Transplants in Sri Lanka(Faculty of Graduate Studies, University of Kelaniya, 2002) Jayantha, K.Japanese transplant in Sri Lanka have been in growing for several years, which use Japanese Management Practice to manage those companies. It is also observed that the Japanese Management Practices are adopted by other Sri Lankan organizations as well. In such a context, it is important to test the degree of integration of those practices by Sri Lankans, which is the focus of this research. This research consists of the test result of the degree of integration towards the Japanese Management Practices of 226 Sri Lankan managers who work over 10 Japanese owned organizations. Taking the ten popular Japanese Management practices into consideration tested the degree of integration of said managers. Out of the total number of managers 75% accept the Japanese Management Practices. Their average degree of acceptance is 75%. However, it is important to mention that there is 100% agreement for some of practice mentioned above (QCC method/ 5S concept). Some of the Japanese Management Practices have been rejected (Nominication) by the management personnel in the companies, which were included in the present study.Item Improvement efficiency and productivity in government institutes: reduction of cycle time of mail delivery system (MDS) of the University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka. A case study(Faculty of Graduate Studies, University of Kelaniya, 2007) Jayantha, K.Inefficiency and low productivity in government sector organizations have become topics being critically discussed at forums in various level at present and therefore there was a trend during the last two decades to launch initiatives to privatize government organizations for improving its efficiencies. As successive governments have not identifies an alternative solution rather than privatizations. They established the Public Enterprise Reform Commission (PERC), which seeks to sell such government institutes to the private sector instead of looking for managerial solutions to improve the efficiency as well as the productivity of those institutions. The objective of this study was to investigate the possibility of improving efficiency and productivity in government sector organizations by using managerial tools. Consequently, the mail delivery system (MDS) of the University of Kelaniya was identified and a pilot project was launched aiming at reducing the time required to distribute a cycle of letters. It was noted that each office assistant (peon) had to walk a distance of 4 km for mail delivery cycle per day: at the end of the each cycle, all the office assistants in the university have walked a total distance of 216 km per mail delivery cycle. As there was no special time scheduled for mail delivery, the office assistant has to walk from division to division every day and perhaps several times per day. Therefore, in reality, the average distance walked by an office assistant is frequently more than 4 km. In order to understand and evaluate the efficiency of existing MDS of the university and the proposed system the six sigma statistical method was used. Consequently, the yield of the existing MDS and the proposed one were calculated. The based sigma level of the old MDS was at a very low level. With the introduction of the new MDS indicating statistical stability, the time all office assistants spent in delivering mail have been reduced to 45 minutes per cycle: the distance has been reduced to a total of 4 km per cycle and the number of office assistants required has been reduced by 25.Item A visual management system for universities: A case study of the University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka(Faculty of Graduate Studies, University of Kelaniya, 2006) Sirisena, H.; Hewavithanagamage, U.R.; Munasinghe, J.; Sakalasooriya, N.; Jayantha, K.Expansion of the boundaries of human knowledge is the key to enhance the quality of civilization. Knowledge results in system. Systems, in turn, make better environments where human beings could maintain high standards of life. We all are aware of the famous saying of Munidasa Kumarathunga, the renowned Grammarian of Sinhala language and patriotic, which state that “a nation cannot achieve success unless new discoveries are made.” (alut alut de notanana jaatiya lova nonage). When we were students we had to face lot of difficulties within the university premises, due to lack of a proper system of visual management. When we became members of the staff as academic and administrative officers we faced more difficulties in regard to above mentioned matter. We experienced this problem specially, when a new batch of students enter the university. Also, in the recent past various fee levying postgraduate and diploma courses have been introduced by our faculties and thousands of external students have been registered for undergraduate degree at CODL. As such, we are in need of a systematic way to handle this mass who interacts with our various academic and administrative departments/branches in the University. When we undertook our postgraduate degrees in various foreign countries such as India, Russia, Germany and United Kingdom etc. we have been inspired by the visual management systems displayed by their universities. Certainly they are applying their knowledge to the betterment of their own society. These thoughts inspired us and as a result we have made an attempt to introduce a visual management system for our university. We hope that this kind of visual management system can be applied to any university.Item People’s attitudes towards Sri Lankan cricket(University of Sri Jayawardhanapura, 2012) Weerakoon, W.M.R.K.; Jayawardhana, W.M.A.M.; Jayantha, K.; Ubhayachandra, E.G.This paper has two objectives: i) to identify the degree of people’s attitude about the Sri Lanka Cricket ii) to examine the perception of the people about Sri Lankan Cricket after 2011World Cup (WC). Hence, this study was based on three predictions namely; i) there is a negative correlation between beliefs and attitudes towards Cricket (H1), ii) there is a negative correlation between loyalty and attitudes towards Cricket (H2), iii) there is a negative correlation between preference and attitude towards Cricket (H3). At the point of testing these hypotheses, the study was limited to a sample population for the convenience of the study. Kandy Sectarian Division, where the Pallekele international Cricket Stadium is located and one game of WC 2011 was held. Five other sub divisions were selected: those located around the ground, and sample size of each division was selected proportionate to the sub division population. Then despondences were from simple random sampling technique with association of divisional sectarian unit and random numbered table. The data were collected from the despondence by exploring a questionnaire that was carefully conducted according to the Lickert scaled method. 117 questionnaires were distributed among the sample on the basis of quota given to each sub division. The three hypotheses were tested using SPSS version 19.0. For validity and reliability of questionnaires Conbach’s Alpha (0.73) was also used. The results show that negative correlation between belief and attitudes towards Cricket (r = -4.56*). Loyalty and attitudes towards Cricket also shows a negative (r = -5.78*). Preference and attitudes towards Cricket also shows a negative (r = -4.65*). Based on the findings of the study number of recommendations were made to the sport authorities and researchers in the field of sport to improve attitudes about Cricket in the country in future. Resulting from implementation of given recommendations, the respective benefits will be yielded by Sri Lankan sports, at aggregate level.Item Factors Affecting people's attitudes towards cricket: with special reference to Kandy Secretariat Division(Jaffna University International Research Conference (JUICE-2012), University of Jaffna, Sri Lanka, 2012) Weerakoon, W.M.R.K.; Jayantha, K.; Ubhayachandra, E,G.As the most popular and widely spreader sport in Sri Lanka, it was selected the particular topic titled ?factored affecting people?s attitude towards Cricket: with special reference Kandy Secretariat Division?. At the point of hosting the Sri Lanka team in the final match of widely spread some disappointment among the Cricket spectators and other interested public. The researcher was stimulated by this unpleasant climate and unsolved problem created such on what happened to people?s attitudes towards Cricket. For studying on this problem, present paper was conducted. There were two objectives expected to fulfill by this study namely, i) to understand the people?s attitude towards Cricket after the World Cup (WC) 2011 and ii) to identify the people?s attitude towards Cricket in order to demographic factors such as on age, gender, and level of education. Hence, this study was based on three predictions namely, i) gender makes different attitudes on Cricket H1), ii) there is a negative correlation between attitude towards Cricket and age (H2), and iii) there is a negative correlation between attitude towards Cricket and level of education (H3). At the point of testing these hypotheses, the study was limited to a sample population for the convenience of the study. Kandy Secretariat Division where in located the Pallekele international Cricket ground and one game of WC 2011 was held selected on the study area, purposely. Five other sub divisions selected those were located around the ground, and sample size of each division was selected proportionate to the sub division population. The respondents were chosen by simple random sampling technique with association of divisional registration unit and random number table. The data were collected from the respondents by exploring a questionnaire that was carefully conducted according to the Lickert scale method. A total of 250 questionnaires were distributed among the sample on the basis of quota given to the each sub division, by using the data collected through survey. The three hypotheses were tested using a statistical software. The result shows that very weak negative correlation both age and level of education with attitude towards Cricket. Gender and attitude towards Cricket also shows a very weak negative skiwness. Based on the findings of the study number of recommendations was made to the sport authorities and researches in the field of sport science to improve attitude towards Cricket in the country in future. Resulting from implementation, of given recommendations, the respective benefits will be by Sri Lanka sports, at aggregate level.Item Effect of Distance for Sport Participation of University System in Sri Lanka: With Special Reference to University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka(, 4th International Symposium, Sabaragamuwa University of Sri Lanka, 2012) Madhushani, A.A.I.; Jayantha, K.; Ubhayachandra, E.G.The title, ?effect of distance for sport participation of university system in Sri Lanka, (with special reference to the University of Kelaniya? describes the sport participation of Kelaniya University and it seems that students? sport participation has been declining in last few years. Hence the focal problem was why such an unpleasant situation has taken place. The study was selected to provide three objectives that were set to achieve by this study. The key objective was to identify the effect of distance for university students sport participation and specific objective was to recognize the relationship between distance and sport participation. The independent variable was distance, and the dependent variable was sport participation. Only the selected influencing factor was considered in this study. Although there are number of research done related to university students? sport participation within the global context, there is a lack of research done so far within the Sri Lankan context and especially within the Sri Lankan university system. The present study addressed this gap. 100 sport participants were selected for the study using Stratified Random Sampling method. As this study is empirical in nature an attempt was made to collect primary data as much as possible. Meanwhile, secondary data were also associated. The statistical calculation such as correlation coefficient, regression and p-value were calculated by using statistical software (SPSS 19.0). there were several findings of this study and based on them number of recommendations have been produced. The results shows that the distance between students? staying (lodging) and the location of playing is negatively correlated with sport participation.