Sport and Recreation Management

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    Factors affecting to recreation behavior in upcountry Tamil community in tea estates
    (International Research Conference on Humanities and Social Sciences (IRCHS 2012), Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Sri Jayawardhanapura, 2012) Wijethissa, K.G.C.P.; Jayantha, K.; Ubhayachandra, E.G.
    This study aims to make a deeper analysis of Upcountry Tamil Community (UTC) in tea estates in relation to the factors effecting recreation behavior. the objective is to identify the influence of age and gender (demographic factors) for recreation behavior of UTC in tea estates. Two hypotheses were formulated: i) the age influence on recreation behavior of UTC in tea estates, ii) the gender influence on recreation behavior of UTC in tea estates. The researcher used primary and secondary data for this study. 200 labors were selected for the sample and the researcher used cluster sampling method as the sampling technique in this study. The researcher used questionnaire and interview methods to collect data and hypotheses were tested by calculate correlation and skewness. Based on the finding, the researcher concluded that employees? recreation behavior (individually and together) is negatively correlated with their age and gender. In addition, the researcher made recommendation to tea estates authorities and others in related field. The government should provide open spaces and recreational centers throughout the tea estates. Therefore, the government should take steps to increased their income or released more time for their recreation.
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    Influence of past experience on sport participation of university system in Sri Lanka: with special reference to University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka
    (Jaffna University International Research Conference (JUICE-2012), University of Jaffna, Sri Lanka, 2012) Madhushani, A.A.I.; Jayantha, K.; Ubhayachandra, E.G.
    This paper discusses the influence of past experience on sport participation of university system in Sri Lanka, (with special reference the University of Kelaniya). In making a review of sport participation of undergraduates it was noted that there is a regular decline over past period. Hence, the focal problem was why such an unpleasant situation has taken place. The study attempted to achieve three objectives of which the key objective was to identify the influence of past experience for university students? sport participation and specific objectives were to recognize the degree of sport participation in University of Kelaniya, and to provide better suggestions enabling to set them motivated in this regard. To do this study in well manner the researcher constructed research model based on what hypothesis namely, past experience positively influence on sport participation of undergraduates. According to the research question was formulated that past experience positively correlated with sport participation. Consistence with this hypothesis a research question was also raised. There are so many researches done regarding university students? sport participation in the global context. However, there is a lack of researches done so far in respect of past experience and sport participation. So, then it was noted that there is a research gap to be filled up and that vacuum has been filled up by this study. In this particular case, for the inconvenience of the analysis a sample consist of 100 sport participants were selected having employed the stratified Random Sampling method. The reason behind selection of that sampling technique was facilitated to set the sampling population dispersed stratified. As this study is empirical in nature as far as possible an attempt was made to collect primary data. Meanwhile, secondary data were also associated with a view to collect more data and to make a deeper clarification. For presenting the data specially grafts, tables and percentage values were associated. In the case of analyzing the data correlation and simple regression were applied using statistical software (SPSS 19.0). Both quantitative and qualitative analysis were made under this study. The result shows that past experience of sport positively correlated with sport participation of undergraduates. As, the end of this study, six findings were made. Based on this findings ultimately, recommendations were produced in order to increased and stimulate the sport participation of undergraduates. Accordingly, suggestions for further researches have also been made at the end of the study.
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    Impact of Organizational Culture on Employee?s Job Related Attitudes: With Special Reference to NOC and MBGR of Sri Lanka
    (2nd International Conference on Social Sciences, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka, 2014) Jayantha, K.; Weerakoon, W.M.R.K.; Fernando, W.D.C.; Jayawardhana, W.M.A.M.
    The present study examines the impact of organizational culture on employees job related attitudes with special reference to National Olympic Committee (NOC) and ministry of Botanical Garden and Recreation (MBGR) in Sri Lanka. This study was undertaken by the researchers focusing on the particular problem, why employees motivate differently in different organizations? There were four objectives to be achieved by this study, which included a key objective namely ?to identify the type of NOC and the Ministry of Botanical Garden and Recreation culture that leads to positive work related attitudes on employee, and three specific objectives such as: (i) to examine the existing organizational culture in selected organization, (ii) to measure the employee job related attitudes in organizations concerned, (iii) to recognize the organization structure in NOC and ministry of Botanical Garden and Recreation. The researcher carried out an extensive literature review to provide a conceptual background to the study and to develop a conceptual model and to formulate hypotheses for the study. The study was carried two sports organizations with 50 respondents. Stratified random sampling method was employed to select the sample from each organization. Certain conclusions were made from the study after carrying out detailed scientific analysis of data using appropriate statistical tools. The conclusions were made considering the findings of the study. It was revealed that the dependence of job related attitudes on organizational culture is very weak and therefore negligible. However it became clear that there was an apparent relationship between the organizational cultural types and job related attitudes. Based on the findings of the study, number of recommendations was made to the sport authorities and researchers in the field of sport to improve employee performance in their countries in future. Not only Sri Lankan sport organization, but also Sri Lankan economy will be benefitted through implementation of these recommendations.
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    An Examination of the Stimuli of the Stadium Facility Accessibility on Spectator Satisfaction
    (2nd International Conference on Social Sciences, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka, 2014) Jayawardhana, W.M.A.M.; Weerakoon, W.M.R.K.; Jayantha, K.; Karunarathne, K.A.N.M.
    This particular study was carried out with special reference to the Sugathadasa Outdoor Stadium (SOS), Colombo, Sri Lanka. This study was undertaken by the researchers, focusing on the problem ?why it is difficult to maintain attendance consistently for sport events?? There were two objectives set to be achieved by this study. The main objective was to examine the influence of the accessibility on spectator satisfaction. The specific objective was to identify the degree of factors influenced on the spectator satisfaction. The researchers carried out an extensive literature review to provide a conceptual background of the study and to develop a conceptual model and also to formulate hypotheses for the study. 100 respondents, who attended the Athletic Selection Meet (ASM) in SOS were selected for the survey. Certain conclusions were made from the study after carrying out detailed scientific analysis of data using appropriate statistical tools. The conclusion is that the accessibility is strongly influence on spectator?s satisfaction. Based on the findings of the study, a number of recommendations was made to the sport authorities, researchers and professionals in the field of sport marketing and sport facility management. Implementation of these recommendations will benefit not only Sri Lankan sport, but Sri Lankan economy also.
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    Factors Affecting people's attitudes towards cricket: with special reference to Kandy Secretariat Division
    (Jaffna University International Research Conference (JUICE-2012), University of Jaffna, Sri Lanka, 2012) Weerakoon, W.M.R.K.; Jayantha, K.; Ubhayachandra, E,G.
    As the most popular and widely spreader sport in Sri Lanka, it was selected the particular topic titled ?factored affecting people?s attitude towards Cricket: with special reference Kandy Secretariat Division?. At the point of hosting the Sri Lanka team in the final match of widely spread some disappointment among the Cricket spectators and other interested public. The researcher was stimulated by this unpleasant climate and unsolved problem created such on what happened to people?s attitudes towards Cricket. For studying on this problem, present paper was conducted. There were two objectives expected to fulfill by this study namely, i) to understand the people?s attitude towards Cricket after the World Cup (WC) 2011 and ii) to identify the people?s attitude towards Cricket in order to demographic factors such as on age, gender, and level of education. Hence, this study was based on three predictions namely, i) gender makes different attitudes on Cricket H1), ii) there is a negative correlation between attitude towards Cricket and age (H2), and iii) there is a negative correlation between attitude towards Cricket and level of education (H3). At the point of testing these hypotheses, the study was limited to a sample population for the convenience of the study. Kandy Secretariat Division where in located the Pallekele international Cricket ground and one game of WC 2011 was held selected on the study area, purposely. Five other sub divisions selected those were located around the ground, and sample size of each division was selected proportionate to the sub division population. The respondents were chosen by simple random sampling technique with association of divisional registration unit and random number table. The data were collected from the respondents by exploring a questionnaire that was carefully conducted according to the Lickert scale method. A total of 250 questionnaires were distributed among the sample on the basis of quota given to the each sub division, by using the data collected through survey. The three hypotheses were tested using a statistical software. The result shows that very weak negative correlation both age and level of education with attitude towards Cricket. Gender and attitude towards Cricket also shows a very weak negative skiwness. Based on the findings of the study number of recommendations was made to the sport authorities and researches in the field of sport science to improve attitude towards Cricket in the country in future. Resulting from implementation, of given recommendations, the respective benefits will be by Sri Lanka sports, at aggregate level.
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    Effect of Distance for Sport Participation of University System in Sri Lanka: With Special Reference to University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka
    (, 4th International Symposium, Sabaragamuwa University of Sri Lanka, 2012) Madhushani, A.A.I.; Jayantha, K.; Ubhayachandra, E.G.
    The title, ?effect of distance for sport participation of university system in Sri Lanka, (with special reference to the University of Kelaniya? describes the sport participation of Kelaniya University and it seems that students? sport participation has been declining in last few years. Hence the focal problem was why such an unpleasant situation has taken place. The study was selected to provide three objectives that were set to achieve by this study. The key objective was to identify the effect of distance for university students sport participation and specific objective was to recognize the relationship between distance and sport participation. The independent variable was distance, and the dependent variable was sport participation. Only the selected influencing factor was considered in this study. Although there are number of research done related to university students? sport participation within the global context, there is a lack of research done so far within the Sri Lankan context and especially within the Sri Lankan university system. The present study addressed this gap. 100 sport participants were selected for the study using Stratified Random Sampling method. As this study is empirical in nature an attempt was made to collect primary data as much as possible. Meanwhile, secondary data were also associated. The statistical calculation such as correlation coefficient, regression and p-value were calculated by using statistical software (SPSS 19.0). there were several findings of this study and based on them number of recommendations have been produced. The results shows that the distance between students? staying (lodging) and the location of playing is negatively correlated with sport participation.
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    Factors affecting to participating in sports by undergraduates in the University system in Sri Lanka: with special reference to University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka
    (International Research Conference on Humanities and Social Sciences (IRCHS 2012), Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Sri Jayawardhanapura, 2012) Madhushani, A.A.I.; Jayantha, K.; Ubhayachandra, E.G.
    The study describes the poor sport participation of undergraduates in the University of Kelaniya. It seems that students? sport participation has gradually reduced in the last few years. the researcher aimed to achieve three objectives of which key objective was ?to identifying the nature of sport participation by undergraduates in university of Kelaniya? and specific objectives were to recognize the relationship between distance from the residence and the place where sport is located and to recognize the relationship between past experience and the sport participation. Two hypotheses were used in the study: i) the distance negatively influence on sport participation and, ii) past experience positively affects sport participation. The researcher carried out an extensive literature review to provide a conceptual background of the study and to develop a conceptual model. Hypotheses were formulated accordingly. 100 sport participants were selected for the study using Stratified Simple Random sampling method and collected primary data via questionnaires. Meanwhile, secondary data were also associated. A set of findings was made based on the date analysis. Conclusion was made from the study after carrying out detailed scientific analysis of data. The distance shows a -0.422** relationship and past experience shows a 0.208* relationship. Based on the findings, recommendations were made to the relevant authorities and it is expected that these will benefit future researchers and interested parties in the field of study.
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    Providing for a diverse range of outdoor recreation opportunities: a WALROS approach
    (2nd International Conference on Social Sciences, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka, 2014) Peiris, D.L.I.H.K.; Jayantha, K.
    The Recreation Opportunity Spectrum (ROS) that encompases the diversity of recreation experience will help improve the satisfaction of recreationists. This study clarifies the present situation of the Pilikuththuwa cave mountain using the Water and Land Recreation Opprtunity Spectrum (WALROS) approach as an attempt to identify the diversified recreation destinations around the capital of Sri Lanka. The study has a key objective and three specific objectives, namely, to develop the map of the current Water and Land Recreation Opportunity Spectrum with regard to Pilikuthtuwa cave forest (PCF) to identify the existing recreation activities in the area and to pick out recreation experiences that can be gained by Pilikuthtuwa cave forest recreationists and to categorize Recreation Opportunity Classes within the area. The study employs qualitative research approach. Land area that has geographically unique phenomena was considered as a research unit and eleven such units were selected within the study area of 483830.108 m2 in extent. Those eleven units were systematically examined to understand the WALROS classes with the association of well-trained five research assistants on WALROS criteria. Current recreation users, area residents, chief monk of the temple in the area, officials of archaeological department and representatives of interest groups, were interviewed. In additions observations were made to understand the existing recreation activities. 11-point WALROS inventory scale was used in scaling the data and mainly GPS software was used to present and analysis the data. Out of six WALROS classes, four classes and ten existing recreation activities was identified spread over those classes. Nine, seven and eight activities were identified respectively in Rural Developed, Rural Natural and in Semi-primitive and Primitive areas. In this study the concept of WALROS was used only as a mapping tool. Based on the findings of the study it could be concluded that the Pilikuththuwa cave mountain area provides diversified recreational experiences ranging from rural developed to primitive settings.
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    Pilikuththuwa Cave Forest: A Case Study in the Use of the Water and Land Recreation Opportunity Spectrum (WALROS) Inventorying Framework in a Near Urban Forest
    (International Journal of Social Sciences and Entrepreneurship, 2014) Peiris, D.L.I.H.K.; Jayantha, K.
    The Recreation Opportunity Spectrum (ROS) that considers the diversity of recreation experience (Brown 1978, Buist 1982, Clark 1979, Driver 1978) will help to improve the satisfaction of recreationists. This case study is a report of clarifying the present situation of the Pilikuththuwa Cave Forest (PCF) using the WALROS approach as an attempt to identify diversified recreation destination surrounding to capital of Sri Lanka. The study was conducted leading to key objective and three specific objectives respectively, to develop the map of the current WALROS with regard to PCF, to identify the existing recreation activities in PCF, to pick out recreation experiences that can be gained by PCF recreationists, and to categorize WALROS classes within the PCF. As the nature of the research the qualitative research approach was associated. Land area that has geographically unique phenomena was the research area which was consisted of 483830.108m2. The land was systematically examined to understand the WALROS classes by dividing it into eleven polygons with the association of well-trained three research assistants on WALROS criterion. Current recreation users, area residents, head monk of the temple belonging to the area, officials of archaeological department and representatives of interest groups were interviewed other than the observations to understand the existing recreation activities. 11-point WALROS inventory scale was used in scaling the data and GIS software used to present and analysis the data. Out of six WALROS classes, four classes and ten existing recreation activities were identified in PCF. Nine, seven and eight activities were identified respectively in Rural Developed, Rural Natural and in Semi-primitive and Primitive areas. In this study the concept of WALROS was used only as a mapping tool. Based on the findings of the study it can conclude that the PCF area provides diversified recreational experiences via rural developed to primitive settings.