ARS - 2013
Permanent URI for this collectionhttp://repository.kln.ac.lk/handle/123456789/171
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Item Phenetic variation and phenolic composition of leaves of Flueggea leucopyrus willd. (vern: Katupila) collected from different climatic zones in Sri Lanka(University of Kelaniya, 2013) Priyadarshan, A.I.S.; Senanayake, S.P.; Jayetilleke, M.P.; Rajapakse, R.G.S.C.Flueggea is a genus of thorny shrubs belonging to the family Euphorbiaceae, and represented by two species in Sri Lanka. Currently, Flueggea leucopyrus is becoming increasingly popular as an ingredient in several traditional therapeutic systems in Sri Lanka, as well as in other countries. According to a questionnaire survey, carried out using a population sample of hundred, the distribution of F. leucopyrus was found to be common in the dry zone, compared to the wet zone of Sri Lanka. Most of the users are of the opinion that the best ingredients for traditional therapeutic systems can be obtained from plants grown in the dry zone. Therefore, the aim of this study is to interpret the phenetic variation and determine the phenolic composition in leaf extracts and of F. leucopyrus in different climatic zones in Sri Lanka. Floral and vegetative characters of F. leucopyrus in fifteen localities in districts of Colombo, Kurunagala, Puttalam and Hambanthota were observed and cluster analysis was done. Leaf material collected from fifteen different localities were acid hydrolysed and extracted into ethyl acetate and ether. Ethyl acetate extracts were used to isolate flavonoid aglycones using cellulose Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) plates in solvent 50% acetic acid. Ether extracts were used to isolate phenolic compounds using 2-Dimensional paper chromatography in solvent systems, butanol: acetic acid: water; 6:7:3 and sodium formate: formic acid: water; 10:1:200. Then colors of the spots were observed under UV (366nm) and Rf values were calculated. Then cluster analysis was carried out to determine the distribution pattern of flavoniod aglycones and phenolic compounds. Slight phenetic variation was observed among the different population samples. Intra specific variation can be seen in the distribution of phenolics and flavonoid aglycones in leaves of F. leucopyrus with respect to their habitats in different climatic zones. The variation observed in the specimens of different localities in the dry zone is higher than the wet zone samples. To determine the variation in the efficacy of leaves of F. leucopyrus in preparation of therapeutic systems, further elucidation of phytochemicals is needed.Item Development of suitable propagation systems for Tephrosia spp. and Flueggea leucopyrus in Sri Lanka(University of Kelaniya, 2013) Priyadarshan, A.I.S.; Senanayake, S.P.; Jayetilleke, M.P.; Rajapakse, R.G.S.C.Different species of both genera Tephrosia and Flueggea are commonly used as ingredients in traditional therapeutic preparations. Due to the increasing popularity of these plants as ingredients in traditional therapeutic systems, production of planting materials for commercial cultivation is a timely requirement. This research was carried out to develop suitable propagation systems for T. purpurea, T. villosa, T. noctiflora, T. pumila and F. leucopyrus. Though Tephrosia spp. seeds have shown higher viability, low germination percentage was observed within a week on wet filter paper as well as in different six potting media. Six potting media were prepared using five raw materials namely coir dust, sand, top soil, cow dung and compost with different compositions to evaluate the seed germination and growth performance of Tephrosia species. Water impermeability of seed coats was identified as the reason for the seed dormancy in Tephroisa spp. and soaking in Con. H2SO4: H2O; 3:1 for 25 mins and rubbing on sandpaper for 2 mins were determined as suitable seed dormancy breaking methods. Variation was observed in the growth performance of Tephrosia spp. in six different potting media. Soil medium was determined as a more suitable medium compared to the hydroponic solution for all four Tephrosia species. Due to less seed production in F. leucopyrus, stem cutting propagation methods in three different potting media (Coir dust, Sand, Coir dust: Sand 1:1) were applied to evaluate the efficiency in propagation. Semi hardwood and hardwood cuttings of F. leucopyrus were well established within a period of a week in sand potting medium. These findings can be used to establish suitable propagation systems for genera Tephrosia and F. leucopyrus for commercial cultivation.Item Phenetic analysis and phytochemical screening of Albizia lebbeck and its substitute plants in Sri Lanka(University of Kelaniya, 2013) Jayasiri, A.P.A.; Senanayake, S.P.; Paranagama, P.; Amarasinghe, A.P.G.Albizia lebbeck (vern: Suriya mara) is a tree belonging to the family, Fabaceae. It is native to tropical Southern Asia, and found widely in India. It has been used in traditional therapeutic systems of Ayurveda, Sidhdha and Unani, for preparation of drugs for many diseases. Due to the limited distribution of A. lebbeck in Sri Lanka, substitute plants are used in the drug manufacturing industry. A questionnaire survey was carried out on a sample population of hundred Ayurvedic physicians, traditional Ayurvedic practitioners, drug suppliers, drug manufacturers and the general public, in order to collect traditional knowledge in the medicinal uses of these plants. The survey revealed that A.odoratissima, Adenathera pavonina and Samanea saman are commonly used substitute plants for A. lebbeck in traditional medicinal systems. To evaluate the phenetic diversity, a morphometric study and cluster analysis were carried out using floral and vegetative characters of A. lebbeck and its substitute plants. Variations in the bark, inflorescences, floral colour and type, texture and colour of pods are found as the important diagnostic characters of these species. Cluster analysis clearly indicated the morphological variation in population samples of all four plant species. Stem bark of the four species were subjected to sequential solvent extraction using hexane, chloroform, methanol and water. Weights of each crude sample were obtained after evaporation of the solvent. Highest yield was obtained from the methanolic extracts which revealed the presence of polar compounds in the species. The extracts were subjected to the preliminary phytochemical screening for carbohydrates, proteins, amino acids, glycosides, tannins, phenolics, alkaloids and saponins, Phytochemical analysis has confirmed the presence of glycosides, flavonoids, tannin, phenolics and phytosteroids in methanolic extracts of the four species. The results of the present study reveal the presence of saponin, tannins and phenolic compounds in the water extracts of the four plants. The distribution of classes of phytochemicals in the four plants was similar to each other except alkaloids as it was found only in Adenathera pavonina and Samanea saman. Therefore, this study has provided supportive evidence for the possibility of the presence of similar medicinal properties in A. lebbeck, A.odoratissima, Adenathera pavonina and Samanena saman. These findings can be considered as valuable facts in the recommendation of the use of these three plants as substitutes of A. lebbeck in medicinal preparations. Further investigation on the similarity in bioactivity of the four plants is needed to confirm this recommendation.