Journal/Magazine Articles
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This collection contains original research articles, review articles and case reports published in local and international peer reviewed journals by the staff members of the Faculty of Medicine
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Item World Bank prescription for health(Ceylon Medical Association, 1996) Fonseka, C.No abstract availableItem Should Sri Lanka reconsider its rubella immunisation strategy?(Ceylon Medical Association, 1997) Gunasekara, P.C.; Gunasekara, D.P.No abstract availableItem Suicide by suffocation with a plastic bag(Ceylon Medical Association, 1998) Tennakoon, U.A.; Jayawardena, H.Death by suffocation using a plastic bag has not been recorded in Sri Lanka. We report such a case here. Findings at the scene, the history, and autopsy and laboratory investigations assisted in arriving at the conclusion of suicide.Item The treatment of ulcerative colitis: from cure to a new disease(Ceylon Medical Association, 1994) de Silva, H.J.No abstract availableItem Application of Elisa in the diagnosis of rotavirus infections in buffalo calves(An International Journal Of Buffalo Science., 1994) Sunil-Chandra, N.P.; Mahalingam, S.The conditions for diagnosis of group A rotavirus infection in buffalo calves by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) were optimised in terms of type of microtitre plates, all reagents and the cut off points for positivity. Irradiated polystyrene plates were the plates of choice. The optimal dilution for the clinical samples (faecal extracts), capture and detector antibodies and the enzyme conjugate were I : 10, I : 5,000, I : 10,000 and I : 300, respectively. Further, we found that the cut off point for positivity by the screening ELISA was an optical density (OD) of ≥ 0.170 at 450 nm wave length, and for confirmation when blocking activity was ≥ 30%. 'The positivity of a faecal sample was graded as strongly positive if the PIN value was ≥2.7 by screening ELISA and ≥ 50% blocking activity in the confirmatory blocking ELISA. Samples having PIN value < 2.7 but ≥ 2. I and < 50% but ≥ 30% blocking activity were regarded as weakly positive. in addition, pre and post colostral buffalo sel'd as negative and positive control sera respectively, were selected and used for detection of antirotavlral antibodies by the blocking ELISA. 'This study establishes that the ELISA technique can be profitably used (once required parameters are defined), in the diagnosis of rotavirus infection in buffalo calves.Item MURINE GAMMAHERPESVIRUS 68: A MODEL TO STUDY DISEASES OF MAN AND DOMESTIC ANIMALS(Immunobiology of viral infections, 1995) Sunil-Chandra, N.P.; J.P. Simas.; J.K, Fazakerley.; Efstathiou, S.; Nash, A.A.The gamma herpesviruses are widely disseminated in nature causing infection and disease in man. Domestic animals including cattle, deer, sheep, horses and rodents. Murine gammaherpesvirus-68 is a natural pathogen of wild rodents. In Balb/c mice, it establishes a productive infection of epithelial cells of the lung alveoli, and a latent infection of B-Iymphocytes. As with other gammaherpesviruses, chronic infection of mice is associated with Iymphoproliferative disease (LPD) which ranges from mild to high grade lymphomas. In vitro. virus establishes persistent infection in murine myeloma B-cells in which viral DNA exists both in circular form, indicative of a latent infection and linear form, indicative of productive infection. Acyclovir can inhibit virus replication in vivo and in vitro but does not prevent latent infection in mice or reduce circular forms of viral DNA in persistently infected murine myeloma cells. CD8+ T cells are the major effector cells during acute infection. In contrast to the T-cell response which arises promptly to counter infection in the lung and spleen, antibody production (IgM) is first detectable only at 15 to 20 days. MHV-68 infection of mice provides a powerful model to study pathogenesis of gammaherpesviruses, in particular establishment and maintenance of latent infection and virus interaction with the immune system.Item A Novel murine model for studying antiviral compounds against EBV.(International Medical Press, 1994) Sunil-Chandra, N.P.; Barnes, A.G.C.; Nash, A.A.Animal models have been of great importance in for the study of herpes virus parthenogenesis by providing systems with which to investigate basic virological and immunological aspects of acute and latent infection, and also to evaluate chemotherapeutic and vaccination regimens.The best examples are those models used to study acute, latent and recurrent herpes simplex virus (HSV) infection.Item Interactions of murine gammaherpesvirus 68 with B and T cell lines(Academic Press, Elsevier, 1993) Sunil-Chandra, N.P.; Efstathiou, S.; Nash, A.A.Murine gammaherpesvirus is a natural pathogen of wild rodents. We have established that in vivo the virus persists in B lymphocytes in a latent form and therefore has similar biological properties to Epstein-Barr virus and related gamma-I-herpesviruses. In this report we have established a persistent infection in mouse myeloma (B) cells (NSO cell line), but not in mouse thymoma (T) cells (BW 5147 cell line). The virus persists indefinitely in myeloma cells, without any apparent cytopathic effect, but with the production of infectious virus. We demonstrate that ACV abolishes the productive infection, but large numbers of cells harbor the virus in a latent form, as determined by an infectious center assay. Analysis of the viral DNA has shown that during a persistent infection linear virus genomes predominated, with low levels of circular DNA also present. Treatment of cells with ACV results in a significant reduction of linear genomes, but has no effect on the level of circular DNA molecules. These data provide further evidence to support our earlier observations on B cells as the site of latency and provides an in vitro model with which to study the molecular basis of MHV-68 latency/persistence.Item Virological and pathological features of mice infected with murine gamma-herpesvirus 68(Society for General Microbiology; Microbiology Society, 1992) Sunil-Chandra, N.P.; Efstathiou, S.; Arno, J.; Nash, A.A.The primary infection of BALB/c mice with murine herpesvirus 68 (MHV-68) was investigated. When the virus was introduced intranasally, the lung was the main tissue infected, the virus being associated with alveolar epithelium and mononuclear cells. A productive infection lasted for 10 days, after which viral DNA could be detected by in situ hybridization up to 30 days after infection. At that time lymphoproliferative accumulations were also observed in the lung, with formation of germinal centres. Virus could also be recovered from the heart, kidney, adrenal gland and spleen during the primary infection. In addition, the spleen appeared to be the major site of virus persistence, with latently infected cells detected up to 90 days post-infection. During the primary infection, there was atrophy of the thymus and spleen of clinically sick animals. In contrast, lymphoproliferative responses, typified by splenomegaly, were frequently seen in asymptomatic animals. The pattern of infection observed in MHV-68-infected mice is similar to that seen in infectious mononucleosis of man following Epstein-Barr virus infection. The model described in this paper may prove to be useful in studying natural gamma-herpesvirus infections of man and domestic animals.Item Isolation and subgrouping of rotaviruses from buffalo calves in Sri Lanka(British Veterinary Association, Elsevier, 1996) Sunil-Chandra, N.P.; Mahalingam, S.Twenty-eight faecal specimens from Sri Lankan buffalo calves shown to be positive for rotavirus group A antigen were subgrouped by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, by using monoclonal antibodies prepared against subgroup I and II antigens. The 13 of the 28 specimens which were classified as strongly positive belonged to subgroup I. Three of five faecal specimens inoculated on to roller cultures of MA104 cells yielded group A subgroup I rotavirus. As with other group A rotaviruses isolated from human beings and young animals, the buffalo isolates required pre-treatment with trypsin and to have trypsin incorporated in the maintenance medium, and the inoculated cell cultures had to be rolled; at least six serial passages were required before distinct rotavirus cytopathic effects were produced in the MA104 cells.