ICATC 2022
Permanent URI for this collectionhttp://repository.kln.ac.lk/handle/123456789/25969
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Item Production of Cardboard Waste-Based Biochar Using Double-Barrel Carbonization Technique(Faculty of Computing and Technology, University of Kelaniya Sri Lanka, 2022) Dunusinghe, Navod; Udayanga, ChanakaWith rising population and urbanization, cardboard use has also expanded significantly over the years, resulting in an increase in cardboard waste generation. According to the Environmental Protection Agency, paper goods and corrugated cardboard (CCB) account for 25% of municipal solid waste (MSW) [1]. A practical answer to the waste management issue is the thermal conversion of MSW, particularly the paper and packaging materials; CCB. The primary output from this thermochemical decomposition is bio char which has a number of uses, including improving soil fertility, cleaning up water and soil contaminants. CCB is a better agent for this thermal conversion process because of its high percentage of lignocellulose [2]. The project's main goal is to use the double-barrel pyrolysis technology as a thermo conversion process that is easily applicable to Sri Lankan households to convert cardboard waste into biochar and to investigate the impact of the operating temperature on the yield of produced biochar. The double barrel was designed by considering the several factors including the ease of use, durability, safety, material cost, and the efficiency of the production of biochar. As shown in Figure 1, two mild steel double barrels which had outer barrel dimensions of 280 mm in height and 190 mm in diameter and an inner barrel of 90 mm diameter and 250 mm. height was developed. Inner barrel was filled with 75g of 80mm*40mm (area) cut pieces of CCB and mounted with a thermoscope. Outer barrel was filled with charcoal and burned for 50 min in 4000C. Following that yield was calculated and tea test was used to assess the biochar’s absorption process. our study was carried out in two trials. Trial 01 was done in the temperature range of 380- 4000C for 30 min and the yield was 40% and trial 02 was done at the 380-4100C for 50 min and obtained 26.77%. The results of our experiment have deviations from the literature because the literature had used an auger reactor, which can control temperature and feeding rate over time and the temperature was constantly maintained. However, when it comes to our experiment, the main objective was to introduce a household simple setup, so that the supplied temperature, heat and the federates were varying. The average temperature of each trial shown in figure 2. Hence in our study at average heating rate of 8.5186 0C /min, an average of 33.4 % of yield was produced, Further research should be carried out to improve the double barrel design such as more air intake holes for facilitate the burning process inside the barrel and to keep the set up on a stand that is opened to the atmosphere and a web made of a metal that can withstand temperatures of 400 0C or higher can be placed beneath the inner barrel to avoid difficulties in separating the yield.Item Production of Food Waste-Based Biochar Using Double-Barrel Carbonization Technique(Faculty of Computing and Technology, University of Kelaniya Sri Lanka, 2022) Vidusanka, Deshan; Udayanga, ChanakaThe high amount of solid waste generation is a critical challenge in Sri Lanka to maintain an effective waste management strategy. Among them, the first largest percentage of waste generated which is food waste generation has become a challenging task for food management due to the high consumption of food waste, and the lack of waste-collecting methods. The major aim of this project was to perform the effective pyrolysis of food waste generated in the household, using the double-barrel carbonization technique to achieve biochar yields that meet the specifications of the final applications. A review of the literature was carried out to identify an acceptable design for the double-barrel working module and dimensions that would fit that design [1]. The mild steel double barrel experimental unit is shown in Figure 1. Dimensions of the outer barrel were 280 mm ×190 mm (height × diameter) and the inner barrel consisted of 90 mm × 250 mm (height × diameter). The household's disposable food waste, including banana peels, rice, and peanut shells, was collected. For the first and second experiments, 60 g of each trash was collected. Then, 25 g of each waste (Banana peels 25 g, rice 25 g, peanut shells 25 g ) was measured for each experiment on an electronic scale. A thermocouple was placed in the inner barrel and filled with 25 g of each food waste (banana peels, rice, and peanut shells). Then, charcoal was filled in the outer barrel and burnt to get the desired temperature (400 °C) and dwelled for 30 more minutes to ensure complete conversion of food waste. Finally, a preliminary experiment was done to evaluate the behavior of biochar during the absorption process. The rising temperature of the thermometer is influenced by the height of the thermocouple placed inside the inner barrel. Hence, measured the height of 4 inches of the thermocouple that was placed inside the inner barrel and observed data of the temperature rising over time for both the first and second experiments. The inability to move the thermocouple to monitor the temperatures at different points inside the inner barrel is one of the challenges in doing this experiment. In order to be able to measure the temperature at each location on the inside of the barrel, it is crucial to improve the modification of the thermocouple in future investigations. The temperature fluctuation overtime during the production of the food waste-biochar was separately demonstrated for two experiments as shown in Figure 2. Throughout the experiment, linear behavior is visible in the graph of the rising average temperature with time. A temperature range of 398–406 °C was used to obtain biochar yield, and an approximate heating rate of 2.9 °C/min was used to ensure slow pyrolysis. The production rate of pyrolytic biochar decreased with rising temperatures and the impact of the heating rate for the pyrolysis of food waste, which continuously reduced the yield of the biochar with increasing the heating rate. Therefore, the persistence of a high-temperature range for an extended period of time may be the cause of the lower biochar output in the second experiment than the first.Item Production of Garden and Wood Waste-Based Biochar Using Double-Barrel Carbonization Technique(Faculty of Computing and Technology, University of Kelaniya Sri Lanka, 2022) Herath, Timeshi; Udayanga, ChanakaPresently, Sri Lankan society is facing a severe challenge in effectively managing the increasing amount of produced wood and garden waste portion of municipal solid wastes. This problem led to serious socio-economic and environmental concerns, which in turn resulted in this project's actions aiming to promote sustainable wood and garden waste management solutions domestically. The main objective of this project is to develop an engineering application for converting Wood and garden-based waste to energy and biochar as a valuable product. Thus, this study guarantees that the double-barrel pyrolysis technique is effective as an urban household application to produce wood and garden waste-based biochar. When selecting a suitable design and dimensions for the double barrel working module, significant considerations included the effectiveness of biochar production (percent conversion), pollution prevention, ease of use, safety, durability, labor, and material expenses. Used discarded wood chips, coconut shells, and husks were carefully cleaned and dried for three days in the scorching sun when preparing the mixed waste samples for experiments. The inner barrel was filled tightly with dry wood and garden waste and placed upside down inside the outer barrel [1]. Therefore, the garden waste will not be exposed to O2 during the heating process. The volume between the containers was filled with wood, which was burnt for heating the inner barrel [1]. After the pyrolysis of garden waste, the solid produced is called biochar. The actual double barrel working model was manufactured using mild steel, which has a high melting point of 1350°C-1530°C [2] and, a thermal conductivity of 42 W/m K at 400 °C [3], with an inner barrel dimension of 0.25 m × 0.09 m × 0.003 m and outer barrel dimensions of 0.28 m × 0.19 m ×0.005 m (height× diameter ×thickness). The selected material, mild steel, was able to withstand without any deformation around 350°C to 450°C+ pyrolysis temperatures, and it was able to cool for the next experiment rapidly. Figure I depicts the finished mild steel double barrel working module. Based on the data obtained during the experiment, the graph of the upward average temperature over time (Figure II) is used to calculate the heating ratio for the wood and garden waste-based biochar product, It is 0.06875ºC/s. The conclusion reached here is that the small-scale double-barrel model can be used to obtain more than 30 wt% of wood and garden waste-based biochar yield from the input sample, through an hour of heating at a temperature range of 390°C to 420°C. Analysis of the produced biochar provided significant data and increased the overall understanding of slow pyrolysis technology. Figure III shows a picture of the yield of wood and garden waste-based biochar produced by using the double barrel working module under zero oxygen conditions. The double barrel pyrolysis experiments in this study indicated that wood and garden waste-based biochar were successfully produced domestically, providing a sustainable solution for municipal solid waste management.