IPRC - 2015
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Item Role of Tea in Tourism Industry in Sri Lanka(Faculty of Graduate Studies, University of Kelaniya, 2015) Weerasingha, I.Geographical and climatic conditions of Sri Lanka have formed an appropriate possibility for tea cultivation including the areas in Central Province, Southern Province and Western Province. Historical evidences proved that tea tree has a long history dates back to the late 19th Century. Tea trails have been included in most of the tour packages offered by the travel agencies in their tour itineraries. Currently tea plantations, tea culture and tea production have been interacted by the tourism industry in the country. This study is based on the potential in tea concept for promoting tourism industry in all aspects of hospitality, nature tourism, culture tourism, community tourism, and tourism promotions. The research problem was to identify how the tea plant is being attracted by the tourists for their travel and hospitality related satisfaction. Research was conducted by accessing both primary and secondary data collective methods where 20 travel agencies were observed, 7 tea states were observed and 20 tourists were interviewed during the research. Tea products and plantations have been identified as primitive attraction by travel agencies and tour operators for promoting both nature and cultural tourism. Brochures and websites of the travel agencies have been designed with tea culture while the hospitality industry (accommodation units) offers another kind of warm welcome with tea service for their guests such as High Tea. At the tea factories organize specific tea trails where the visitors are given the opportunity to experience from planting tea crops, tea plucking and production procedure. Tea is one of the international symbolic icons in promoting Sri Lanka so that tourism industry is being attributed immense advantage from tea culture. Moreover new technological aspects can be attributed in the tourism industry for promoting tea based tourism experience.Item Potentials of Developing Religious Historical Museum in Sri Lanka(Faculty of Graduate Studies, University of Kelaniya, 2015) Embuldeniya, P; Gunasekara, I.There are various types of museums in the world and in Sri Lanka, among which religious museums are one popular and common variety. This research paper describes the potentials of developing a museum related to Religious history of Sri Lanka. Furthermore, its importance as an educational centre, as a religious synchronization centre and as a tourist attraction will also be described through this research. In this study, field research and library survey methods were used collect the data. Sri Lanka has a rich history ranging from Prehistoric period to contemporary period and directly connected with various religious activities. There are multi ethnic and multi religious people in Sri Lankan society. Sri Lankan culture varied with Buddhism, Hinduism, Islam, Christianity and some other religions. Throughout these aspects can be recognized that Sri Lanka has diverse of religions. There are some museums and galleries which exhibits the historical background of single religious place. But Sri Lanka still lacks a single institution which displays the complete religious history of Sri Lanka. Through this study can suggest that, a completely new religious historical museum covering the all religions and all aspects which can provide tourist attraction, knowledge, practical experiences and religious harmony. Considering the results of this research could conclude that, it is significant to have one place where the complete religious history can be experienced and reviewed through the religious harmonization of Sri Lanka.Item Global Threats to the Political Security of Sri Lanka (Reference to the Post War Period)(Faculty of Graduate Studies, University of Kelaniya, 2015) Madanayaka, S.A.K.Political security is one of the significant elements in the context of national security which linked to all the components of a nation state. Political security of a country is about the stability of social order. In post war period, Sri Lanka is going through certain threats which can affect the political security of the country. Accordingly, the main objective of the study is‖ to identify the global threats to the political security of Sri Lanka in post war period‖. The methodology that has applied for the study is qualitative in nature while using both primary and secondary data. To gather primary data, purposively selected sample of 150 people (20%) has been used only in the fields of military, academic, government and other professionals. As per the study, the identified global threats to the political security of Sri Lanka are Human rights violation and war crimes issue, Anti-Sri Lanka attitude in Tamil Nadu, Political pressure from India on 13th amendment, Influence of Tamil Diaspora, and Channel 4 challenge. As per the primary data, 78% of the sample proved that there is an impact of these global threats on the political security of Sri Lanka. As a country, Sri Lanka should have an effective political strategy to overcome such global threats.Item Ethnic Triumphalism as a Bounded Foe of Ethnic Integration (Case Study of Sri Lanka)(Faculty of Graduate Studies, University of Kelaniya, 2015) Jayathilaka, A.Post war Sri Lanka continues to face a huge challenge of ethnic integration since, end of a civil war by military means does not necessarily mean the end of the conflict. This divided society can only build its shared future out of its divided past by having a well guided reconciliation process since, reconciliation is an approach which consolidates peace, breaks the cycle of violence by preventing the possibilities of the use of the past as the seed of renewed conflict. Further ethnic integration via reconciliation should be a holistic approach which should go beyond the ethno- religious boundaries in a multi ethnic society like Sri Lanka. Theravada Buddhism the main religion of Sri Lanka, has a negative view towards violence. Accommodative nature of Buddhism also provides a vast space for ethnic integration by bridging the ethnic demarcation lines. Hence, Cambodia provides a promising initiative for using Buddhism as a tool of post conflict peace building. Nevertheless religion may not be productive in peace building among the ethnicities, when politicized or manipulated as a tool of nationalism. Study finds that in the post-war context Sinhala- Buddhist ideology is the principal and determining goal of a government. When seeking a ruling ideology previous president, griped the Sinhala-Buddhist supremacism. Yet, neglecting the reconciliation triumphalism was well promoted. ‗Non violence‘ and ‗Empathy‘ which are the true essence of Buddhism were undermined by the arrival of fundamentalism. For instance, in post war Sri Lanka Bodu Bala Sena has emerged as a tool of Sinhala-Buddhist triumphalism by claiming as a counter - force of Islamic fundamentalism. Hence religious fundamentalism makes serious damages in the social and ethnic fabric of the country leaving reconciliation as a hostage of triumphalism. This leaves a huge challenge for the new government to utilizing of state mechanisms and social movements for the proper implementation of reconciliation process for ensuring post war ethnic integration.Item Decomposition analysis of poverty in Sri Lanka: 1990-2010(Faculty of Graduate Studies, University of Kelaniya, 2015) Ranathunga, S.Poverty has always occupied a prominent place in the economic development agenda of successive governments in Sri Lanka since independence. This is evidenced by the fact that Sri Lanka had achieved the 1st Millennium Development Goal by 2010 despite the difficulties caused by the long-lasting ethnic conflict. However, the economic benefits of development have not been evenly distributed over the whole island. Regional disparities are large and have been a key concern. Thus poverty decomposition into growth and redistribution provides a better picture for analysing poverty situation in Sri Lanka as it examine poverty reduction through increases in mean income/expenditure or changes in relative income distribution. Therefore the main objective of this paper is to examine the decomposition of change in poverty in Sri Lanka within last two decades into growth and distribution effects. Poverty decomposition has been calculated using the computational tool ‗POVCAL‘ developed and distributed by the World Bank. National poverty changes were decomposed into growth and redistribution components following the method of Datt and Ravallion (1992), using disaggregated household expenditure data from National Income and Expenditure Surveys 1990/91 and 2009/10 in Sri Lanka. The decomposition of the poverty change was done using the poverty headcount ratio, the poverty gap index and the severity of poverty in Sri Lanka based on HIES data in 1990 /91 and 2009/10 using national poverty lines for the respective years. The results show that mean consumption in Sri Lanka has increased; therefore the growth component has contributed to significant poverty reduction within the period 1990/91 to 2009/10. Further, the results confirm that the significant poverty reduction in Sri Lanka is fully accounted for by the increase in mean consumption. This effect carried through to the other poverty measures as well. Although usually the redistribution component is negative, here it has a positive value, indicating that the redistribution component has dominated the growth component of the change in poverty in Sri Lanka over the last two decades.Item Cyber-crime and Law (Special Reference to Sri Lanka and India)(Faculty of Graduate Studies, University of Kelaniya, 2015) Jayasekara, A.H.D.New media is a catch-all term for all forms of electronic communication that have appeared or will appear since the original mainly text-and-static picture forms of online communication. The Internet is based on single technical standards that allow global communication. With the emerging use of computer technology, computer-related crime and cyber-crime have become a significant global challenge. The computer is rapidly increasing society‘s dependence upon it, with the result that society becomes progressively more vulnerable to computer malfunction, whether accidental or deliberately induced, and to computer manipulation and white-collar law breaking. (Weeramantry,1998). Cyber-crime encompasses any criminal act dealing with computers and networks. Although businesses in developed countries are often most affected by the abuse of Internet services to facilitate cyber-crime, the topic is equally relevant for Asian countries. This research is qualitative research. In this research need to get a picture about cyber-crime in India and Sri Lanka. And need to study Internet related laws in selected country. In this research studied International laws about cyber space and cyber-crime and also study Sri Lankan laws and Sri Lankan cybercrime cases. And found out new suggestions to minimize cyber-crime in Sri Lanka.Item Competitive Emergence of China and India and Autonomous Existence of Sri Lanka(Faculty of Graduate Studies, University of Kelaniya, 2015) de Silva, P.P.N.Paper will discuss the Competitive Emergence of China and India and Autonomous Existence of Sri Lanka. China and India are arising of politics, economics and military sections. It is influencing to autonomous of Sri Lanka who is small country in region of South Asia. All of these countries are in Asiatic state. While china and India most power full arising state in this region. Both countries of the world, which china and India have self-built economy and military power. From recent period, global economic capability is being transferred to Asia china and India. Also china and India have built military power to protect more than other countries all capability for their motherlands. There is challenge for Sri Lanka autonomous among such China became closer friend of Sri Lanka last ruling period. India was suffering from ideological conflict about that. The present government is improving aliment between India and Sri Lanka. China became a main development partner of Sri Lanka. It was a main reason to intolerance of India. This reason Sri Lanka had to give large number of profit margin to China. Actually speaking it is that one way pump system.in this context Indian ideology is main both power full countries. Factor to determine international affairs. If Sri Lanka deal with only China Sri Lanka able to isolate.in international society. In this context Sri Lanka implement non-alignment foreign policy will be able to conduct successful foreign affairs between India and china.Item Comparative analysis on the impact of external compulsions and domestic politics of Sri Lanka during the Human Rights allegations issues of it in 1983 and 2009(Faculty of Graduate Studies, University of Kelaniya, 2015) Gunasena, J.T.S.Sri Lankan government‘s 2009 military victory over Liberation Tigers Tamil Elam and Sri Lankan government‘s repression over Tamil minority during 1983 communal clashes caused the origin of United Nations Human Rights Council Resolutions against Sri Lanka‘s war crimes and human rights violations during above periods. The research problem is to analyse trends and developments of Sri Lanka‘s dealings with above two situations and also to analyse the behavior and impact of domestic politics of Sri Lanka and external compulsions on the two situations in 1983 and 2009. Secondary data collected through data triangulation method available in both printed and electronic form in various data sources such as historical records, government publications, books, interviews, speeches, and web will be analyzed using theories through a deductive content analysis. It will test prevailing theories in different contexts when compare the categories during different time settings. It will suggest how the existing theory could be developed in order to explain certain new emerging data categories not fit in to the existing theoretical concepts independent of the theory. Content analysis evaluate document texts and to test theoretical relevance to understand data more comprehensively and scientifically. This is a qualitative research guided by theory. In both 2009 and 1983 contexts, the domestic politics of Sri Lanka persuaded the policy makers for voluntary and involuntary defections from international agreements to ensure their political survival creating hostile situations constraining their international survival. Neorealist explains the smaller powers are constrained by the external pressures whereas domestic political analysis explains the domestic constraints of the decision makers. Both governments failed to address the problem successfully in 1983 and 2009, but the present government will overcome the September 2015 United Nations Human Rights Council Resolution due to its qualitative efforts on establishing good governance that are already appreciated by international community.Item An Evaluation of Transport Related Government Web Sites in Sri Lanka(Faculty of Graduate Studies, University of Kelaniya, 2015) de Silva, A.P.U.; Gamage, R.A Website is a mirror of the institute or the company. It has to play the main role of displaying vision, mission, tasks and everything of the institutes. So that, many government institutes use Websites to disseminate government information to the public. The main objective of the study was to find out whether the government Websites provided relevant information to the university community through their Websites. This study aim to find out solutions for five research questions, what information is required by university community, what sort of information is available in the government Websites, do the Websites provide relevant information to the university community, what kind of information services are provided by the government Websites, is there a better way to present government information through the Websites. In this study, both qualitative and quantitative methodologies were applied. Mainly this is a survey research. To collect primary data for the study, interviews, desk research and Website evaluation tools were used. 125 interviews were conducted among university staff and undergraduates to find out required information from the government Website. Desk research was conducted to collect existing information on the Websites. Sampled government institutes were evaluated using evaluation tools like WAVE, Google Page Speed and Hubspot Marketing Grader. After analyzing the data and evaluating Websites, it was realized that government institutes are unable to reach the expected level of the university community by providing online services and relevant information. There is a high demand for online services on government Websites. But a very few government Websites are provided online services for the users. Most of the government Websites were put on lower grade by the evaluation tools. In order to fill these discrepancies, some major moves are suggested to upgrade the rank of government Websites which are, following WCAG and proprietary accessibility guidelines, establishing formal web accessibility laws and guidelines, upgrading online services, training to web masters, recruiting a centralized post called web manager for all government institutes.Item Selenium in rice consumed by Sri Lankans(Faculty of Graduate Studies, University of Kelaniya, 2015) Prasanna, E.G.J.; Wickramasingha, E.A.D.N.N.; de Silva, D.S.M.; Wimalasena, S.Selenium is an essential trace element found in the selenoproteins and as a component of enzymes such as glutathione peroxidase that could quench free radicals by acting as antioxidants and prevent free radical induced degenerative diseases such as diabetics, Alzheimer, rheumatism and the deficiency of selenium could result in iodine deficiency resulting goiter. It also proved that selenium is toxic in high concentrations resulting in damages to the nervous system and even some forms of cancer. Unlike most elements the essentiality and toxicity of selenium is shown in a narrow range the respective values being 40 μg day-1 and 400 μg day-1. Studies on selenium content in food have been reported from other countries but studies carried out in food consumed by Sri Lankans is rare. Hence, the objective of the present study is to determine the selenium content in different varieties of rice consumed by Sri Lankans. Parboiled rice is commonly consumed in Sri Lanka. Studies have not been carried out in Sri Lanka or any other country on the effect of parboiling on the selenium content. Hence, this study was extended to deduce the effect of parboiling on the selenium content in rice. Selenium content in fourteen varieties of rice namely Bg 250, Bg 352, Bg 358, Bg 359, Bg 360, Bg 379, Bg 450, Bg 094, Bw 361, Bw 363, Bw 364, Ld 408, At 306 and At 362 obtained from the Rice Research Institute, Batalagoda and subjected to acid digestion. Selenium contents of the samples were determined using Hydride Generation Atomic Absorption Spectrometric method. Experiments were carried out in triplicate. The selenium content (μg kg-1) in the rice samples analyzed ranged from 24.5 (At 362) - 40.5 (Bg 094). The selenium content in parboiled rice was analyzed by parboiling the above raw rice samples at home. The results of the present study showed that the selenium content (μg kg-1) in the grains from par boiled rice varied from 29.0 (Bw 361) to 42.0 (Bg 352). This study reveals that parboiling increased the selenium content in rice although a direct relation could not be obtained between the selenium content in raw rice and that in the parboiled rice.