International Conference on Sanskrit Studies (ICSS)
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Item Yama and Niyama Mention in Yoga Dharshana for Balance Life Style.(International Conference on Sanskrit Studies, 2017 Department of Sanskrit, University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka., 2017) Silva, P.A.S.N.; Prabhashwari, A.L.S.; Jayawardhane, K.B.Yoga is the great philosophy which has a history running beyond to eras Vedas. Some of the practices mention in yoga philosophy can be found in Upanishad literature. Facts mention in yoga philosophy to uplift the individual and social health gathered from ayurvedic commentaries and Sanskrit literature. Aim of this study wears to review the importance of following yama and niyama mention in the Aṣṭāṅga yoga to enhance physical, mental and spiritual wellbeing of the individuals and society. According to yoga human being is created by two entities which are called as dosha and prakurti. Observe of positive values and avoidance of negative has been mention in yoga philosophy in order to uplift the good conduct of living being pacifying the above two entities. Achārya charaka has mention there are five principles which be followed by individuals and that liberation has obtain following yoga. Practice in the yama strive us towards the healthy life, mind strengthening, and our powers of awareness, win and physical wellbeing by following them. We can fortify character improve our relationships with others in trust worthy way. All the practices of yama are related to the relationship in between the follower and his external world. Niyama is the second limb of ashtanga yoga is focus on the internal environment of body, mind and spirit. It helps us to build up to self disciplean and inner strength of individuals. Following niyama can practice to reject unwanted emotions like anger, fighting, lazy and mind can stay in one thing. In finally can obtain moksha with practice of niyama.Following both yama and niyama people can improve their health by enhancing their physically mentally and spiritually wellbeing and having the balance healthy life style.Item Effectiveness of Yoga Practices for Emotional Health.(International Conference on Sanskrit Studies, 2017 Department of Sanskrit, University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka., 2017) Chandrasekara, S.Yoga as a lifestyle or the ‘yogic way’ has a huge following. It is amazing that a tradition which is more than 5000 years old has today become a popular way of life. The power of yoga lies in its simplicity, flexibility and diversity. Yoga is not a religion, yet can be practiced in harmony with any religion. The yogic philosophy and its various techniques can be followed by anyone and everyone in any setting. This broad scope of yoga has made it easy for people from all walks of life, whether busy or active or even sedentary, to follow their own selective techniques, suited to their lifestyle. The yogic life style can be adapted and merged into any lifestyle with ease. If anyone practices Yoga effectively leads to emotional health. Emotional Health has been described as the capacity to live life to this fullest in ways that enable a person to realize his or her own potential. Emotional health begins with a person’s true understanding of how he or she feels about himself or herself. Emotional healthy people have high self-esteem. A person with high self-esteem has confidence, a sense of positive self-regard and belief in self. Self esteem has been called the blueprint for behaviors as it guides what a person thinks he or she can do and thus striving towards goal. What is a yogic lifestyle all about? Today yoga courses have sprouted all over the world teaching yoga asanas, pranayama and meditation. Yoga is an ancient science which harmonizes the body, mind and spirit. In the Bhagvat Gita, yoga is expounded as – “YogahKarmasuKaushalam”, which mean Yoga is perfection in action. A yogi is one who can do the daily activities of life with efficiency and awareness, without the underlying attachment or clinging, which may bring sorrow. Doing every action with awareness, without reacting to situations brings harmony in our lives. It can make you a better parent, a better boss, a better student or a better sportsman. It does not matter what your life style is. Yoga brings in a value addition at every level and enhances the quality of your life. Yoga is seen more as a counter-balance to one’s stressful and overworked lifestyle, which lacks proper exercise and relaxation. These factors have contributed to most life style diseases like hypertension, diabetes, arteriosclerosis, back & neck pains, obesity, migraine, depression, drug addictions, cardiac problems and even cancer. Yoga should not be seen as a panacea for all problems, yet it can prevent or solve most of these problems, if practiced under the guidance of an expert. Yoga was developed as part of the ancient Indian spiritual culture. Yoga was integrated into the arts, sciences and day to day life in the ancient times. The effect of this is seen, even today seen in the Indian culture. It is considered as a way of life which harmonizes the body, mind and spirit, thereby creating a peaceful and vibrant society. Yoga is not only for the body exercise, but also mind training too. Therefore, we need to maintain physical health as well as mental health. Emotional health will lead peaceful life for the happiness.Item Yoga: Between Notion and Rationality.(International Conference on Sanskrit Studies, 2017 Department of Sanskrit, University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka., 2017) Singh, D.P.; Saini, B. L.The construct of rationality has shaped modern understanding of humans. This rationality became synonym of being ‘scientific’. Amid of human civilization development, we often forget that our existence on the planet as Homo sapiens is of a million years while the understanding of modern rationality is merely five hundred years old. The core of rationality greatly relied on ‘Explored Cause and Effect’ approach. Therefore, there was little possibility of considering unexplored knowledge as rational. This idea of rationality has shaped the notion of popular minds. Yoga is an interesting knowledge and wisdom of millennium perceived differently over a period of time. Perception of society about Yoga has changed in last few decades. Now Yoga is being perceived as scientific knowledge and practice rather than spiritual or unfounded. In the eighties American physician, Dean Ornish has published a scientific study as "Program for Reversing Heart Disease." Profoundly through lifestyle practices of Yoga and meditation. This study has greatly changed the perception about Yoga. Ornish’s study leads to greater interest to explore Yoga in scientific exploration. This development has coincided with inefficacy of medical science to address of psychosomatic disorder.Western understanding of humans as physical being for the purpose of physical and mental wellness shown much limitation.Item A Comparative Study of the Yogic Aṣṭāṅgayoga and the Buddhist Āryāṣṭāṅgamārga.(International Conference on Sanskrit Studies, 2017 Department of Sanskrit, University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka., 2017) Da XingAccording to IndianYoga and Buddhist traditions, both the foremost practical applications have adopted eight limbs such as the Yogic Aṣṭāṅgayoga and the Buddhist Āryāṣṭāṅga mārga to attain the Mokṣa in their respective fields excellently. The classic Yogic tradition based on the system of theories and practices which are known as the Causality of Caturvyūha aturvyūha and practical Aṣṭāṅgayoga aims to eradicate Duḥkha for end of Saṃsāra and achieve Mokṣa. Specially, the Patañjali’s Aṣṭāṅgayoga is of systemic methods as Yama , NiyamaNiyama Niyama, Āsana , Prā ṇāyāma āyāma , Pratyāhāra Pratyāhāra Pratyāhāra , Dhāra ṇā, Dhyāna Dhyāna Dhyāna and and Samādhi which are known as systematic training arrangements in three aspects – physical body, mind and spirit in oneness to solve yogis’ problems and reach final salvation. In Buddhist traditions, Enlightenment is attained through the comprehension of the Catvāriāryasatya and developed with the practice of Āryāṣṭāṅgamārga to end suffering and liberate from cycle of rebirth. Especially, the Āryāṣṭāṅgamārga is systemic approach as SamyakSamyak Samyak –dṛṣṭ i, Samyak Samyak –sa ṃkalpakalpa , Samyak Samyak –vāc vāc vāc ā, Samyak Samyak – karmānta karmānta , Samyak Samyak –ājīva ājīva ājīva , Samyak Samyak –vyāyāma vyāyāma vyāyāma vyāyāma vyāyāma , Samyak SamyakSamyak –sm ṛti and and Samyak SamyakSamyak –samādhi samādhi which are considered as the Threefold Training – morality, concentration and wisdom as the ancient path to attain final destination, Nirvāna. As mentioned above, there is a matter of considerable common interests that the Buddhist Āryāṣṭāṅgamārga cover by the Threefold Training and the Yogic Aṣṭāṅgayoga absorbed in Three Disciplines Disciplines Disciplines . Herein, Herein, Herein, it should note that these eight training matrixes as a way leading to their own result could also be improved by three three three three model analyses model analysesmodel analyses model analysesmodel analysesmodel analyses model analyses in the both tradition. The objective of this research is to make a comparative study between the Yogic Aṣṭāṅgayoga and the Buddhist Āryāṣṭāṅgamārga in similarities and dissimilarities similarities and dissimilarities similarities and dissimilaritiessimilarities and dissimilarities similarities and dissimilaritiessimilarities and dissimilarities similarities and dissimilarities similarities and dissimilarities similarities and dissimilarities similarities and dissimilaritiessimilarities and dissimilarities for the welfare and well-being of the world to guide practitioners to eliminate their suffering in the life of Saṃsāra and attain the freedom of performance and accomplishment respectively.Item A critical evaluation of modern trends in Yōgā(Department of Sanskrit, University of Kelaniya, Kelaniya, 2016) Kobbekaduwe, H.G.A.V.K.M.The word “Yoga” is rooted in the Sanskrit word “Yuj”. Its meaning is “Unification of Jeewathma and the Brahmathma”. According to Hindu Philosophy, in order to achieve purification, one must be unified with immortal soul. There are several types of yoga. Bhakthi Yoga, ManthraYoga, GnanaYoga, KundalaniYoga, and Raja Yogaetc. RajaYoga which is one of Ashtanga Yoga (system which comprises Yama, Niyama, Asana, Pranayama, Prathyahara, Dharana, Dhyana, and Samadhi) is of central practice. The ultimate purpose of practice of theseAshtanga Yoga is attainment of liberation.While Yama, Niyama, Asana, Pranayama and Prathyahara are external elements which have to be observed, they are essential for the success of the internal elements of Dharana, Dhyana, and Samadhi. Yogasana is the manner of making the body relaxed and flexible in order to discipline the mind for the purpose of concentration On the basics of primary sources it is apparent that at present what is meant by Yogasana is not the more ancient form of Yoga,but only the manner of making the body moresupple, which is only one of the aspects of AshtangaYoga. This study examines if contemporary Yogaclasses in Sri Lanka are in keeping with the original primary texts of yoga as Pathanjali Yoga Suthraand Hata Yoga Vidya. It is specially to be noted that current yoga classes in Sri Lanka are based on commercial purposes. What is visible today is that the method of disciplining the mind by mastering the body and its movements is used in order to earn money. Accordingly today’s practice ofyoga is a distorted version of the yoga that was originally envisaged. The Yogasana which was originally aimed at providing the foundation for spiritual development has now been replaced by a practice which aims at more material benefits such as physical wellness, outward beauty and healthy living. This is to be scrutinized based on the contemporary yoga classes in Sri Lanka and the Original texts.Item Use of ‘Omm’ letter for Communication prospect; in Sanskrit language(Department of Sanskrit, University of Kelaniya, Kelaniya, 2016) Prabha, I.K.; Jesudasan, A.M.Symbols play a valuable role in all of our life. The ‘Omm’ symbol is discussed here as a symbol (Letter) and also as a word. ‘Omm’ letter has been used for a credible and live form of interactive verbal and non-verbal communication in the day to day life. This study is mainly focused and religious believe that ‘Omm ’is the ultimate, hyper or super natural sound. While the symbol ‘Omm’ is used for religious and social purpose. Being a qualitative, textual analysies is used for the study. For this I used primary and secondary data and information focused , group discussion to collect the qualitative data. A content analysis method, using secondary data based on a review of existing appropriate theories is used to achieve the above objectives. Finally this study yield following conclusion; the majority of people including younger generation like to pronounce this Sanskrit ‘Omm’ letter as a ‘Mantra’, tattoo and yoga. As well as ‘Omm’ letter is used to findings revealed that physical fitness, mental health, entertainment in working place recreation activities, get mental pleasure and mediation. Use of sound balance, different form of language expressions and people spend their leisure time with pronounces that word ‘Omm’. This study clearly shows that there are more satisfactory and positive effects in this ‘Omm’ letter. This letter become in the common popular plat form of inters personal communication. Thus the findings of this study will benefit in developing new area of knowledge which will help further researcher. Would hope that this study will encourage other researcher to explore more insight of Sanskrit letter ‘Omm’Item Stress free world through Ayurveda and Yoga(Department of Sanskrit, University of Kelaniya, Kelaniya, 2016) Fernando, W.K.B.D.S.; Pathirana, R.N.D.The present global scenario is a pond of various non-communicable Diseases (NCDs), crime and violence basically due to the life style changes and mental stress. Ayurveda and Yoga, eternal sciences for healthy living deal with holistic approach of physical, psychological, social and spiritual wellbeing and highly emphasize is given to codes of conduct results in calmness of mind. The aim of this study is to gather the information on various principles in Ayurveda and Yoga in order to prevent stressful conditions among the people and critical analysis of its applicability. The data is gathered from authentic text books, journal articles and web sources.Medhya rasāyana, implementation of āchāra rasayana, Sadvritta pālana, Dharaneeya vega, Concept of Pragnaparadha, Satvika food and all the eight limbs of Ashtanga yoga; yama, niyama, asana, pranayama, pratyahara, Dharana, Dhyana, Samadhi are help in personal transformation and in turn development of the community. Ayurveda believes in the concept of āchara rasāyanaya or behavioral rejuvenation for stress free life and longevity. Mental calmness and improvement in memory can be brought by regular intake of medhya rasayana. Constant practice of Yoga since childhood help in reduction of aggressive behavior, improve adjustment and transform mental state positively. These ancient teachings of Ayurveda and Yoga helps to alter the manasika prakriti and pathophysiology of manas vikara and refrain the people from mental stress and ultimately it leads to get away from psychosomatic disorders and offences.This aspect of health promotion is very much important as it is economical, nonpharmacological, devoid of adverse effects and eventually blessed the human beings with health and longevity.Item An Analytical Study of the Yogic Caturvyūha in the Yoga-Sūtra(Department of Sanskrit, University of Kelaniya, Kelaniya, 2016) Ven. Da XingIn Yoga tradition, the fundamental theory and practice adopts logic matrix as the Four Realities (caturvyūha) to discover problem and solve issues effectively. According to Yoga philosophy, the Yoga theories based on the discoveries made by the ancient thinkers from generation to generation which is refer to the teachings of Vedas, Brāhmaṇas, Āraṇyakas and Sāṃkhya darśana. Amongst them, Yoga was taken on various Sāṃkhic philosophies such as the theory of Triguṇa, Caturvyūha and Pañcaviṃśatitattva to establishment of own system. In point of fact, the term of the Caturvyūha which does not directly mentioned as generic word in the Yoga-Sūtra, but some inference forms and methods as Heya, Heyahetu, Hāna and Hāna-upāya appeared like causality condition through logical formula to analysis by the synthesis of four-factor model - the avoidance of suffering, remove the origin of suffering; cessation of suffering and the means leading to the cessation of suffering. In fact, this formula considered as the logical methodology and metaphysics that can be expounded with truths in the Yoga- Sūtra. In this connection, this logical distribution gives important information and evidence which indicate that discover the problems and solve the issues can be phased array in the model of orderly arrangement (vyūha), and this instruction is thus established by logical deduction to closed or understood yogic causality with the Four Realities, viz. the first three as philosophy and the last one as practice. In other words, the first two can be set as discover the problems while the last two as solve the issues. Accordingly, it is also found in this study that the theory and practice of the Caturvyūha are interconnected as the cause and effect to ascertaining the suffering and its ending in this systematic pattern. Therefore, an objective of this research is to make an analytical study of the Caturvyūha to understanding the philosophy and practice for formulated into a logical speculative arrangement and designed guide practitioners to eliminate the Kleśa, free from Duḥkha and end of Saṃsāra. And so, we note that the Four-Factor Formula can be improved by interdependence which also exists with the condition of reduplicative causality to realizing the yogic realities for attaining the Mokṣa.