Theses and Dissertations

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    15 වන ශතවර්ෂයේ සිට 18 වන ශතවර්ෂය දක්වා ශ්‍රී ලංකාවේ සාම්ප්‍රදායික ඉඩම් භුක්ති ක්‍රමය පිළිබඳ විමර්ශනාත්මක අධ්‍යයනයක් (කෝට්ටේ සහ මහනුවර රාජධානිවලට විශේෂිතව)
    (2020) Kumara, M.A.P.
    Sri Lanka have had a unique and traditional system of land tenure from the beginning of the Anuradhapura Period until the fall of the Kandyan Kingdom in 1815. This system underwent certain changes from time to time, and during Kotte and Kandyan Periods there developed a system of land tenure with distinctive characteristics. This study would examine the traditional system of land tenure which existed during those two periods. The objective of the study is to identify the manner in which the system of land tenure functioned, the special features in Kotte and Kandyan Periods and to compare the systems of land tenure of those Periods. Further, when carrying out the study the socio-economic conditions which influenced the formation of such unique characteristics were also looked into. The study is based on the research question: whether the traditional land tenure systems of Kotte and Kandy were an extension of the system which existed in Sri Lanka during the pre-Kotte Period. Historical Methodology was applied for the research. Methods of library surveys, field work, and consultation of archival documents (Colombo and Kandy depositaries of the National Archives) were applied. It can be assumed that the systems of land tenure in Kotte and Kandy had unique characteristics and at the same time shared common features. Also, these systems were based not only on legal conditions but also depicted complex characteristics due to influence of economic and administrative background. Thus, it can be concluded that although they were an extension of the system existed in the pre-Kotte Period, the Kotte and Kandyan systems depicted a uniqueness too.
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    A study of three life stories of Pioneers who dedicated their Service to the Tamil Journalisam in Sri Lanka
    (2023) Wijerathna, N.
    A study of three life stories of pioneers who dedicated their service to Tamil journalism . The core theme of this composition is to inquire how Tamil journalists have served the improvement of their journalism .In this context such an improvement could be seen during the time from 1841 to 1924 AD in this country. So, in this remarkable period it could be observed that the literacy as well the education of Tamils ,Muslims ,and plantation workers could reach its progress. It also brought a spreading of their religions too. Infact their journalism could bring the development of their social strata also. The study that I have completed with the works of Arumuga Nawalar, Mohammadhu Siddhilebbe and Kondarama Nadesaiyar who are pioneers led me to inquire the improvement of journalism as well as the development of the social groups of Tamils, Muslims and plantation workers. I would like to note down here that three main sources have helped this task .The primary source that I could reach there is infact the newspapers and other writings of journalists and I could study resourceful facts found in newspapers indicated by these journalists and I could analyze data which are coming in their works as well, I could see the way and track of some leaders emerged in some social groups. In this study many literatures submitted in different angles by aforesaid journalists have been reviewed by me.They have enriched my findings. Further, many periodicals penned and issued on the aforesaid journalists have been reviewed by me and I also could recognize their ideas.Their ideas also have enriched my views too. So their writings have become a remarkable support to my study. The source materials earned from the readings of aforesaid journalists clearly prove the fact that their contribution paved the way for the present development of journalism.Therefore we are convinced that the above mentioned three leading journalists are pioneers of the social groups;Tamils, Muslims and Plantation workers.in Sri Lanka.
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    The acquisition of the English volitive and involitive alternations by Sri Lankan second language learners
    (2016) Wanasinghe, W.M.S.P.K.
    Research on second language acquisition has expanded enormously since its inception. The application of newer findings from the studies ofSLA to educational concerns has both informed and sustained long standing debates about the role of the learner's consciousness in the SLA process, and about the nature of the learner's input needs and requirements. This piece of research was focused on identifying volitive and involitive alternations used by Sri Lankan second language learners in English. In other words, study was aimed to see how Sri Lankan second language learners express their intentional and unintentional actions in English and their difficulty level in expressing volitive and invoiltive actions. Languages use a variety of strategies to encode the presence or absence of volition cross-linguistically. Most frequently, an intentional meaning is ascribed to volitive verbs and an unintentional meaning to involitive verbs. Sinhala verbs fall into two stem classes, the volitive and involitive. Subjects ofvolitives are almost invariably nominative and subjects ofinvolitives occur in nominative, accusative, dative, or the postpositional case "atilJ". Verbs of volition in English are not expressly marked and verbs of involition do not appear in English language as in Sinhala. Some languages handle this with affIXes, while others have complex structural consequences of volitional and involition encoding. Thus, Sri Lankan second language learners faces difficulties in expressing involitive actions in English. Alternations were found and questionnaires, interviews and test papers were used as tools. Four subject related professionals were interviewed. There were 252 students in the sample and they were given the test paper with difficulty level in proficiency judgments scale and the questionnaire. Participants were given 46 sentences to express in English and around 11000 sentences provided by participants were analyzed by the researcher. Both quantitative and qualitative methods were used in analyzing data. At the end of analysis, there were only a few number of alternations provided by participants and it was proven that hypothesis made by the researcher is correct. Hence, this research would provide an insight in to recognizing and overcoming morpho-syntactic and morpho-semantic problems in enabling one to master second language.
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    Activity and bionomic aspects of primary and secondary vectors for dengue transmission in Gampaha district, Sri Lanka
    (University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka, 2022) Dalpadado, C.P.R.D.
    Sri Lanka had experienced periodic dengue epidemics every two to three years for the last two decades. In this scenario, understanding bionomics aspects, and the prevalence of dengue vector species in varied settings will help to develop more accurate and focused vector control approaches. Thus, the current study is intended to elucidate the bionomics of Aedes aegypti and Ae. albopictus, in urban (Negombo, Wattala, Kelaniya), suburban (Attanagalla, Gampaha, Minuwangoda) and rural (Dompe, Meerigama, Divulapitiya) areas of the Gampaha District, Sri Lanka from April 2017 to December 2019. The effectiveness of the insecticide space spraying depends on susceptibility status and the behaviour of the targeted species, hence a part of this study included testing susceptible levels of Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus against malathion and deltamethrin insecticides. The study also sought to establish area-specific threshold values for determining the risk of dengue transmission based on larval indices, and a forecasting model for predicting impending dengue outbreaks within the district. Total 19,835 possible breeding habitats were investigated at 13,563 premises where Aedes larvae were identified in 11.03% of premises and 1856 habitats were positive for larvae (Ae. aegypti; 9.8%; Ae. albopictus; 90.2 %). Results showed that Ae. aegypti prefers urban locations while Ae. albopictus is the predominant vector in all spatial settings. Ae. albopictus (54.5%; n= 999) dominated the adult collection, followed by Ae. aegypti (45.5%; n= 835), with a 1:4 male to female ratio. Ae. aegypti mosquitoes demonstrated endophilic resting behaviour, whereas Ae. albopictus were exophilic (Chi-square analysis between the two species; P < 0.001). Resting places of Aedes aegypti recorded as on cloth hangings (36.9%, n=308) and under furniture (40.4%) predominantly in bedrooms (40.4%) and living rooms (24.8%) while Ae. albopictus preferred to rest on outdoor vegetation Xxix 46%(n=460). The majority (43.7 %; n=801) of Aedes mosquitoes rest 1-2 m above ground, and 34.4 % (n=399) rested 1 m or less. The host-seeking cycle of Ae. albopictus was bimodal, with morning peak occurring between 05:00 and 11:00 and afternoon peak between 14:00 and 19:00. While that of Aedes aegypti was with a minor peak between 05:00 and 09:00 and a major peak between 13:00 and 19:00. Physicochemical parameters of mosquito breeding water changed significantly across breeding categories (Kruskal—Willi’s statistics, p < 0.001) showing the change of mosquito susceptibility status. There was a strong positive association between rainfall, larval vector density, and the likelihood of high dengue incidence. When Breteau Index for Ae. aegypti (BIA) exceeds 3.00 and relative humidity exceeds 80%, an early epidemic alert is triggered while BIA > 6.0, case incidence reached an epidemic level in urban areas. In suburban areas, when BI for Ae. albopictus (BIB) > 14.0 an early epidemic alert is triggered. At the BIB > 20, case incidence reached epidemic levels even in absence of Ae. aegypti. Case incidence exceeds the epidermic level in rural areas when the BI for Ae. albopictus is 10 with a one-month latency. In conclusion, area-based entomological thresholds and rational use of insecticides can be proposed for future control of rising dengue epidemics in the Gampaha district based on vector biology/bionomic related evidence through regular monitoring.
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    Age related changes of the lumber spine and a study of causes and predisposing factors from low backache
    (University of Kelaniya, 2002) Karunanayake, A. L.
    Chronic low backache is an important health problem amongst Sri Lankans. The present study was undertaken to [i) determine the causes and risk factors for low backache.[ii) to describe age related changes in the number of cartilage cells in lumbar discs, intima media thickness of lumbar arteries and atherosclerosis of abdominal aorta and lumbar artery openings. I. [iii) to determine the association between such changes in the lumbar arteries and in the abdominal aorta with the number of cartilage cells in lumbar discs. iv) to describe the gross anatomical features of lumbar arteries. Initially, a case control study was carried out among 459 cases (patients with low backache) and 502 controls. Data was collected using a pretested structured interviewer administered questionnaire. Poor posture (OR=128.2), lack of exercise (24.5), positive family history (OR=16.2), education to less than the sixth grade (OR=2.2), daily alcohol consumption (OR =3.4), BMI\>24.9 (OR=1.5) and monthly income of more than Rs.20,000 (OR=2.6) were found to be significant independent risk factors for low backache. Another case control study was done on 130 cases (patients with low backache) and 133 controls assessing postero-anterior and lateral radiographs of the lumbar-sacral spine. Disc space narrowing (OR=16.9) and an Antero Posterior ratio of lumbar vertebra less than 0.9 (OR =10.1) were found to be significantly associated with low backache. Vertebral osteophytes and spondylolisthesis were not significantly associated with low backache. A descriptive cross sectional study was done on 31 adult postmortem specimens. Histological sections of the fourth lumbar discs and fourth lumbar arteries were prepared. The number of cartilage cells in lumbar discs (r= -0.45) and Intima Media Thickness (IMT) of lumbar arteries (r=-0.74) had a significant negative association with age. When compared to individuals under 43 years (median age of sample), individuals over this age were 12.5 times more likely to have atherosclerotic changes in abdominal aorta and lumbar artery openings. IMT of lumbar arteries and atherosclerotic changes in lumbar arteries did not have a significant association with the number of cartilage cells in the intervertebral discs when age was taken into account. Dissections were done on 109 adult cadavers to describe gross anatomical features of lumbar arteries. First to the fourth pair of lumbar arteries arose from a common single stem in 12 percent of cadavers and passed anterior to the crura of the diaphragm in 17 percent. There were several variations in the gross anatomical features of lumbar arteries from what is described in the literature. According to results of the present study, risk factors for backache among Sri Lankans are similar to risk factors found in other countries. In this study vertebral osteophytes and spondylolisthesis were not significantly associated with low backache. The present study was able to identify a new cut off value for A/P ratio that had a significant association with low backache, and for the first time demonstrate an association between the number of cartilage cells in annulus fibrosus and age of the subject. Several gross anatomical variations of lumbar arteries found in this study have also not been documented previously.