Medicine

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This repository contains the published and unpublished research of the Faculty of Medicine by the staff members of the faculty

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Author: search.filters.author.de Silva, N.R.End date: 2009

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Now showing 1 - 10 of 110
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    Progress in the prevention and control of schistosomiasis and soil-transmitted helminthiasis
    (Societa Italiana di Medicina Tropicale, 2002) Albonico, M.; Engels, D.; Montresor, A.; Cromptons, D.W.T.; de Silva, N.R.; Savioli, L.
    ABSTRACT: In the last two decades important progress have been made in the understanding the epidemiology and the disease burden of schistosomiasis and soil-transmitted nematodes infection. In addition, practical tools for disease control have been developed and a strategy for the prevention and control of morbidy of schistosomaisis and soil-transmitted nematodes infection has been endorsed by the World Health Organization. This paper presents the recent progress in the prevention and control of these infections: the estimates of chronic and subtle morbidity in high risk groups and the evidence that these chronic and severe sequelae of infections can be reversed by appropriate treatment; the use of anthelminthic drugs during pregnancy and lactation; the relevance to control morbidity due to these infections also in pre-school children; the efficacy of anthelminthic drugs and the possible threat of drug resistance; price, quality and accessibility of treatment by delivering drugs through the school system and ways of reaching also non enrolled school-age children. Finally, the strategy, targets and recommendations of the World Health Organization for the control of schistosomiasis and soil-transmitted nematodes infection are described.
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    Intestinal nematodes that migrate through lungs (Ascariasis)
    (WB Saunders Company, 2000) de Silva, N.R.; Bundy, D.A.P.
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    Soil-transmitted helminth infections in Sri Lanka
    (Federation of Asian Parasitologists, AAA Committee, 2005) de Silva, N.R.
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    Control of intestinal helminthiasis in pregnancy – the Sri Lankan experience
    (World Health Organization, 2003) Ismail, M.M.; Atukorala, T.M.S.; Naotunna, T.S; de Silva, N.R.; Hettiarachchi, I.
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    The role of antioxidants in filarial infection
    (Royal Society of tropical medicine and Higiene (RSTMH), American Society of tropical medicine and Higiene(ASTMH), British Society for Parasitology, 2000) Premaratna, R.; Chandrasena, T.G.A.N.; Senarath, S.; Chandrasena, L.G.; de Silva, N.R.; de Silva, H.J.
    Abstract Available
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    Clearance of microfilaraemia and red blood cell glutathione peroxidase(GPX) levels in asymptomatic microfilaraemics after single dose and 14 days’ treatment with diethyl carbamazine citrate(DEC) 
    (Sri Lanka Medical Association, 2001) Premaratna, R.; Chandrasena, T.G.A.N.; Abeyewickreme, W.; de Silva, N.R.; Chandrasena, L.G.; de Silva, H.J.
    Abstract Available
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    Clearance of microfilaraemia and red blood cell glutathione peroxidase(GPX) levels in asymptomatic microfilaraemics after single dose and 14 days’ treatment with diethyl carbamazine citrate(DEC)
    (Wiley, 2001) Premaratna, R.; Chandrasena, T.G.A.N.; Abeyewickreme, W.; de Silva, N.R.; Chandrasena, L.G.; de Silva, H.J.
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    Red blood cell antioxidant levels after treatment with diethyl carbamazine
    (Wiley, 2001) Premaratna, R.; Chandrasena, T.G.A.N.; Abeyewickreme, W.; de Silva, N.R.; Chandrasena, L.G.; de Silva, H.J.
    Abstract Available
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    Lymphoedema management knowledge and practices among patients attending filariasis clinics in the Gampaha District, Sri Lanka
    (Sri Lanka College of Microbiologists, 2004) Chandrasena, T.G.A.N.; Premaratna, R.; de Silva, N.R.
    INTRODUCTION: Little information is available on methods of treatment practiced by Sri Lankan patients with filarial lymphoedema. The burden of acute dermatolymphagioadenitis (ADLA) attacks in these patients is also unclear. OBJECTIVES: To determine knowledge, perceptions and practices regarding lymphoedema management and the burden of ADLA attacks among patients with lymphoedema attending filariasis clinics. METHODS: The survey was carried out in the Gampaha district. Semi structured questionnaires were deployed to assess knowledge, practices and perceptions regarding morbidity alleviation in filarial lymphoedema. The burden of ADLA attacks was estimated using one-year recall data. RESULTS: 66 patients (22 males: 44 females) mean age 51.18 years SD 13.9% were studied. Almost two thirds of the population was aware of the importance of skin and nail hygiene, limb elevation and use of footwear. Washing was practiced"bn a daily and twice daily basis by 40.9% and 48.5% respectively. However limb elevation, exercise and use of footwear were practiced by 21 -42.4% (while seated and lying down), 6% and 34.8% respectively. Regular intake of DEC was considered important by the majority (n=61. 92.4%). Most (65.2%) had received health education from the filariasis clinics. Among patients who sought private care (n~48) the average cost of treatment of an ADLA attack was Rs. 737.91. Only 18.2% had feelings of isolation and reported community reactions ranging from sympathy to fear and ridicule. CONCLUSIONS: Filariasis clinics seem to play an important role in the dissemination of knowledge regarding morbidity control. Referral of lymphoedema patients to morbidity control clinics is recommended.
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    Intestinal parasitic infections among a selected group of institutionalised psychiatric patients
    (Sri Lanka College of Microbiologists, 2009) Chandrasena, T.G.A.N.; Gunawardena, N.K.; Imbulpitiya, I.V.B.; Balasooriya, B.A.D.H.; Ariyarathna, W.P.H.; de Silva, N.R.
    INTRODUCTION: Patients with chronic psychiatric illnesses are known to be at high risk of intestinal parasitic infections because of poor attention to sanitation and hygiene. OBJECTIVES: To determine the prevalence of intestinal parasitic infections among inmates of a psychiatric institution in Sri Lanka. METHODS: Faecal samples of randomly selected patients at the Half-way Home, Mulleriyawa (HHM) were examined using saline and modified Kato Katz smears. RESULTS: Of 649 female patients at HHM 22% (145) were screened for intestinal parasites. The mean age of study population was 50 years (range 26-75). One or more intestinal parasites were detected in 35% (51/145). Thirty percent (44/145) had only helminth infections, 2.8 % (4/145) were co-infected with helminth and commensal protozoa Entamoeba co//and 2% (3/145) had only E.coli. Of the 48 who had helminth infections 6.8% (10/145) had Ascaris lumbricoides, 10.3% (15/145) had Trichuris trichiura and 15.8% (23/145) had mixed infections of A. lumbricoides and T. trichiura. Proportions of patients with varying intensities of infections with respect to A, lumbricoides and T. trichiura were light in: 51.6% (16) and 55.6% (20), moderate in 45.16% (14) and 44.4% (16) and heavy in 3.2% (1) and 0% respectively. Forty six percent (67/145) and 12.5% (18/145) had been dewormed within one year and three months respectively. Thirty five percent (17/48) of parasite positive patients had been dewormed within one year. CONCLUSION: Although the prevalence of faeco-orally transmitted protozoan infections were scarce, the prevalence and intensity of geohelminth infections were high among the inmates of the HHM mental institution. Improvements in sanitation, provision of safe food and water and regular mass deworming are recommended.
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