Junior Research Symposia
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Item Implication of Soft Power of Non-State Actors in Sri Lanka: Special Reference to IMF and World Bank(2nd International Studies Students’ Research Symposium – 2018, Department of International Studies, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka, 2018) Gunasekara, A.M.C.P.Power can be divided into two groups namely soft power and hard power. Hard power relies on military intervention and sanctions, but soft power is based on attraction. Globalization however has made states dependent on each other for their economic activities. Therefore, hard power does not apply as in the past. Soft power is however expanded through the world because of globalization. In this research the aim is to discuss about the role of specific non-state actors in Sri Lanka. International Monetary Fund and the World Bank were an offspring of the UN conference in Bretton Woods in 1944. At first these organizations were created to support the reconstruction of European countries from the Second World War But later they were started to focus on the development of third world countries. Sri Lanka has to depend on non-state actors like IMF and the World Bank due to the large amount of foreign debt and balance of payment problems. But the issue is Sri Lanka follows its own agenda which is contrary to IMF and the World Bank. Therefore, these lending bodies use their soft power on Sri Lanka. The main objectives of this research are to identify the usage and implication of soft power of IMF and the World Bank on Sri Lanka, to describe the concept of soft power and the agendas of Bretton Woods’s institutions, to determine the relations among IMF, World Bank and Sri Lanka, to identify the impacts of these institutions on Sri Lanka. This research is a qualitative one and both primary and secondary data will be collected. As primary sources, interviews and questionnaires will be useful. Journal articles, books, official annual reports of IMF, World Bank and government will be referred as secondary data. Neo liberalism and soft power can be applied for qualitative analysis. Sri Lanka has to follow structural reforms, neo liberal policies and has to achieve strict targets which are given by these organizations. As a result of increasing taxes which are in accordance with the conditions laid by the lending authority, low income earners suffer. Therefore, the recommendations which are suggested at the end of this study, would be useful to overcome the domination of these non-state actorsItem Impact of Soft power usage by China and India in South Asia: case of Sri Lanka(Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka, 2015) Weerasekera, W.K.N.; Gunasena, T.The concept of soft power instead of practicing hard power in international relations has become extremely popular in the contemporary global politics. In the twenty first century China is being on the spot light of the international politics in terms of its unique practice of power. Current relationship with Sri Lanka is a good example in the case of spreading Chines influence in the region through means of soft power. On the other hand China‟s strategically presence in the south Asian region has created security dilemmas to India by giving signals of a serious threat to its traditional stance being used towards its neighborhood. In the Sri Lankan point of view it has also become a serious challenge to the Sri Lankan government by moving on to a new pro Chinese policy from the diversified policy which had been followed for years. Therefore, the main objective of the study is to assess the domestic, regional and international impacts of soft power usage by China and India in Sri Lanka and to examine how far do China and India successful in soft power game strategies in Sri Lanka. The other objectives are the identification of the strategies used by China and India in order to influence Sri Lanka by means of soft power, determination of the nature of the triangular relationship among China, India and Sri Lanka and evaluation of the domestic, regional and international impacts of soft power usage by China and India in Sri Lanka. A content analysis method, using secondary data based on a review of existing literature on the issue and appropriate theories are used to achieve the obave objectives. Thus the findings of this study will benefit in developing new area of knowledge which will help the policy makers to drive their countries towards directions which will ensure their power status. Further researcher would hope that this study will encourage other researchers to explore more insights of soft power resources.