Commerce and Management
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Item A Systematic Literature Review on Forensic Accounting(11th International Conference on Business and Information (ICBI 2020), Colombo, Sri Lanka., 2020) Wijerathna, A.G.H.S.K.; Perera, H.A.P.L.The objective of this study is to systematically analyze the existing literature on forensic accounting and thereby identifying the existing gap in the forensic accounting literature. In the era of increasing accounting scandals, the importance of forensic accounting is also increasing. This study provides an overview of previous studies which have been conducted in the area of forensic accounting which can be used by professionals, regulators, academics, researchers, forensic accounting practitioners and etc. The current study systematically analyzes a sample of twenty-four (24) research articles which have been conducted in the broad area of forensic accounting. The sample has been selected from research articles published during period starting from 2015 to 2020. The results of this study reveal importance of incorporating forensic accounting education into undergraduate and graduate level courses. More importantly, forensic accountant should have skills in multi-disciplinary areas. Similarly, knowledge on big data is essential to be a good forensic accountant. Further, this study suggests four (04) key areas for future researches which are; importance of forensic accounting education, how forensic accounting could be used to reduce financial collapses practical application of forensic accounting, and the role of forensic accountant in the field of auditing.Item The Utilization of Generalized Audit Software (GAS) by Sri Lankan External Auditors(4th International Conference for Accounting Researchers and Educators, Department of Accountancy, Faculty of Commerce and Management Studies, University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka, 2018) Senarathne, G.R.S.D.; Perera, H.A.P.L.Generalized audit software is a tool used by auditors to automate various audit tasks. As most accounting transactions are now computerized, auditing of accounting data is also expected to be computerized as well. The purpose of this study is to investigate the utilization of generalized audit software by external auditors in Sri Lanka and what are the factors influenced the use of generalized audit software. This study carried out using a standard questionnaire which consists of mainly five parts. The sample of the study was auditors of five international audit firms and five local audit firms. 100 questionnaires have been distributed to auditors and out of all, 70 responses were received from the selected sample, 40 from international audit firms and 30 from local audit firms. The collected data have analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) software. According to the findings of the research, the utilization of generalized audit software is low among local audit firms and all the international firms use generalized audit software. Organizational factors, technological factors, client factors and personal factors influence to the usage of generalized audit software and audit profession factor not influence to utilization of audit software. This will provide useful insights for audit professionals, software developers, vendors, academicians and researchersItem The Impact of Trade Credit Usage on Firm’s Profitability of Listed Manufacturing Companies in Sri Lanka(4th International Conference for Accounting Researchers and Educators, Department of Accountancy, Faculty of Commerce and Management Studies, University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka, 2018) Weerawickrama, V.L.; Perera, H.A.P.L.Trade credit has been recognized as a crucial source of short-term financing for listed manufacturing companies. A trade credit contract is a legally binding agreement between two parties that allows a buyer to purchase goods or services on account and pay the supplier at a later date. The main purpose of this study to investigate trade credit as a financing source among listed manufacturing companies particularly the influence of short-term credit usage on profitability of the companies and to ensure whether theoretical concepts of trade credit usages are practicable in real business environment. Ordinary least squares (OLS), fixed-effects and generalized method of moments (GMM) system models were used to analyze the data using Eveiws. The sample of this study is all the listed manufacturing companies in CSE during the period of 2009 to 2017. Initially there were 41 listed companies in the sample and due to the availability of data 31 listed manufacturing companies were selected for final analysis. The study provides empirical evidence that profitability significantly and negatively influenced by trade credit accounts payable and that short-term debt positively influences. Furthermore liquidity level and firm size are positively related to profitability, while firm age is negatively related to profitability. The present study adds to the literature by using OLS, fixed-effects and GMM system models to analyze a sample in an Asian country where trade credit is considered important financing instrumentsItem Information Technology and its Implication on Internal Auditing in Sri Lankan Companies(4th International Conference for Accounting Researchers and Educators, Department of Accountancy, Faculty of Commerce and Management Studies, University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka, 2018) Udayangani, M.A.S.; Perera, H.A.P.L.Information Technology (IT) is a very much important function in designing, implementing and directing many controls over the organizations’ business processes. Currently both internal & external auditing processes are rapidly changing and one of the main reasons is the changes in IT. This study aims to find the impact of IT and its implications on Internal Auditing. Further, the study examines the influence from Objectives and the Organizational Characteristics on the IT Evaluations performed in Sri Lankan companies. IT Evaluations, Objectives and Organization Characteristics were used as independent variables and IT Evaluation categories were used as the dependent variable. This study carried out using a standard questionnaire which consists of mainly four parts. 100 questionnaires were distributed to companies representing manufacturing, service, banks and hotel sector using the cluster sampling method. Data received from 80 respondents representing all sectors. Data were analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS). According to the results of the study, internal auditors mainly focus on traditional risk such as IT data integrity, asset safeguarding, privacy and security and less attention has given to system development and acquisitionItem Service Quality, Client Satisfaction and Loyalty towards Audit Firms: Perception of Sri Lankan Companies(4th International Conference for Accounting Researchers and Educators, Department of Accountancy, Faculty of Commerce and Management Studies, University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka, 2018) Sudusinghe, L.H.; Perera, H.A.P.L.In the context of auditing, the quality of service provided by audit firms is a very important issue when signs of dissatisfaction with the services arise. In today, quality of services is an important element for enhancing customer satisfaction and customer loyalty. Service quality is the major force for business sustainability, it is recognized that high quality service is essential for the success of the firms. The main objective of this study is to examine the relationship between service quality, client satisfaction and client loyalty towards audit firms in Sri Lankan companies. In order to accomplish the objective of the study, data were gathered from primary source using a standard questionnaire. The simple random sampling technique was used and questionnaires were sent to 100 randomly selected companies in Sri Lanka who used and received audit service from audit firms in Sri Lanka. The mediating effect of the client satisfaction is separately examined with the client satisfaction and the client loyalty. Regression, Descriptive Statistic and correlation analysis were used as the data analysis tools of this study. According to the results of the study, client companies were satisfied with the tangible dimension but were dissatisfied with the other four dimensions. Customer satisfaction was found to partially mediate the relationship of reliability and customer loyalty.Item Effect of Credit Management on Profitability of Listed Companies in Sri Lanka(4th International Conference for Accounting Researchers and Educators, Department of Accountancy, Faculty of Commerce and Management Studies, University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka, 2018) Samarkoon, R.M.; Perera, H.A.P.L.Credit management is a very important activity of any organization and it will be the reason to increase firm’s revenue and ultimately firm’s profitability. The purpose of this study is to identify the impact of credit management on profitability of listed companies in Sri Lanka. The sample of the current study was only the manufacturing sector companies listed in Colombo Stock Exchange in Sri Lanka for the period of 2011 to 2017. Due to the unavailability of data, only 30 listed manufacturing companies were selected for the data analysis. The researcher used Debtor’s turnover ratio, Account receivable ratio and Liquidity management as independent variables to measure the credit management and Return on Assets (ROA) is used as dependent variable to measure the company’s profitability. Panel data regression was used to analyze data using E-views software. According to the results, Debtor’s turnover ratio, Account receivable ratio and Liquidity management are affected for the profitability of listed manufacturing companies in Sri Lanka. This study establishes that there is a positive relationship between credit management policies and company’s Return on Assets in listed companies of Sri LankaItem The Impact of Internal Corporate Governance on Convergence of IFRS: Evidence from Sri Lanka(4th International Conference for Accounting Researchers and Educators, Department of Accountancy, Faculty of Commerce and Management Studies, University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka, 2018) Harshana, R.D.U.; Perera, H.A.P.L.The convergence of International Accounting Standards (IAS) with International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) is an important debate among standards setters, policy makers, regulators, professional bodies and companies worldwide. The objective of this research is to examine the impact of internal corporate governance on convergence of International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) and to measure the impact of individual corporate governance factors to the convergence of IFRS. Changes of equity during the year were used as the dependent variable of the model and no of financial and non-financial variables were used as independent variables. Financial and non-financial data were collected from annual reports published by the listed manufacturing companies in Colombo Stock Exchange (CSE) during the period of 2009 to 2015. This six (6) year period was divided into two categories as before and after convergence of IFRS. All the manufacturing sector companies were selected as the sample of the research. Due to the unavailability of data, there were 29 companies used for the final analysis. Panel data regression was used to analyze data using E-views software. The results of the study revealed that, effective internal corporate governance mechanism helps companies more aligned with convergence of local accounting standards to IFRS and thereby provide high quality financial information to users of the informationItem Quality of Loan Portfolio Management and Its Impact to the Financial Performance of Commercial Banks in Sri Lanka(4th International Conference for Accounting Researchers and Educators, Department of Accountancy, Faculty of Commerce and Management Studies, University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka, 2018) Hewaarachchi, H.A.H.M.; Perera, H.A.P.L.In today’s world, banking sector has become extremely competitive powerful industry, providing many services to the society. Careful management of banks’ loan portfolio is very much essential for their stability as significant amount of banks’ revenue is collected from loans and advances given. This study aims to find out the relationship between quality of loan portfolio management and the financial performance of Commercial Banks in Sri Lanka and the impact of it. Return on Assets (ROA) was used as the dependent variable to measure the financial performance of Sri Lanka, while Loan Portfolio Profitability (LPP) and Loan Loss Provision to Gross Loan Advances (LLP/GLA) were used as independent variables to measure the quality of loan portfolio management. Cost Income Ratio (CIR), Liquid Funds to Total Assets (LF/TA) and Total Assets (TA) were used as control variables. Due to the unavailability of data, only 15 Commercial Banks in Sri Lanka were considered for the period of 2008 to 2017. The panel data regression was used to test the hypothesis formulated, and data were analysed using the E-Views software. The results reveal that, the overall quality of loan portfolio management has a significant impact on the performance of Commercial Banks in Sri LankaItem Internet Adoption in SMEs in Sri Lanka(Department of Accountancy, Faculty of Commerce and Management Studies, University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka, 2016) Sudarshani, P.E.; Perera, H.A.P.L.The growth of information technology in the business world is spreading at a phenomenal rate. The uses of the internet for e-commerce purposes have seen a high increase due to growth in websites for commercial purposes. The success of a business organization stands at the usage of IT in their business. This paper aims to investigate empirically the decision of small and medium sized enterprises (SMEs) to adopt the internet in their business. This study investigates the major determining factors for e-commerce adoption in Srilankan SMEs. The data were collected using a standard questionnaire. SPSS software was used for analysis purpose. Analysis were carried out to investigate the adoption of Internet in Sri Lankan SMEs. The results show that knowledge of English language, Technical compatibility, perceive benefits and cost of web adoption have significant relationships with internet adoption, the results of the study of highly educated managers of SMEs also exposure a non-significant relationship between innovation adoption tendency and adoption of internet. This study provides more understanding of manager’s perceptions about internet adoption on their businesses. Those in promoting the web may find these results helpful in guiding their efforts.Item Corporate Social Responsibility and the Financial Performance of the S &P Sl Top 20 Companies in Sri Lanka(Department of Accountancy, Faculty of Commerce and Management Studies, University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka, 2016) Lelwala, U.L.; Perera, H.A.P.L.In present business context most of the business organizations are engaged in different kind of corporate social responsibility programmes voluntarily. There is no any law or government influence that the organizations must perform or engaged in corporate social responsibility activities. For those activities businesses incurred their financial resources and other non-financial resources. Most of the researchers researched on the relationship between corporate social responsibility and the financial performance because in general corporate social responsibility activities are cost to any company. There are many studies supporting for different types of relationships between the corporate social responsibility (positive, negative and neutral) and financial performance. For this analysis, it was selected 20 listed companies, in the S&P SL 20 in the Colombo stock exchange and for this analysis it was considered annual report data for the period from 2011 to 2015. This analysis mainly focussed on three regression models to test the relationship between the corporate social responsibility and the financial performance. These models represent the regression results of relationship between the corporate social responsibility and profit after tax, relationship between corporate social responsibility and return on assets and relationship between the corporate social responsibility and return on equity. Research findings shows that there is a positive relationship between the corporate social responsibility and profit after tax and negative relationship with return on assets and return on equity. Therefore it is concluded that, there is a relationship between the corporate social responsibility and financial performance of the companies.