Social Sciences
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Item Employee Morale and Leadership Styles: A Study on the Most Attractive Leadership Style in the Sri Lankan Banking Sector(University of Kelaniya, 2005) Sriyani, G.T.W.Numbers of factors affect the employee morale. Among them leadership style is important. There was a contradictory argument regarding the connection between employee morale and the leadership styles. According to some researchers, morale of the workers under autocratic or task-oriented leaders is significantly less than other styles of leadership. Another group argued that higher level of employee morale could be expected through participative or people-concerned leadership style. This study is an endeavor to examine whether there is a connection between leadership style and the employee morale, and then decide the appropriate style of leadership to improve employee morale in an organization. An empirical study of a sample of the managers and employees of private sector banking organizations in Sri Lanka was conducted to examine the link between the employee morale and leadership styles. Amongst the leaders, there was none who practiced pure autocratic or participative style of leadership. The findings concluded that the leadership style of any manager cannot be identified as a separate independent behaviour within a continuum of autocratic and participative or people- concerned and task-concerned behaviour. Instead of concerning more on a single type of behaviour, a manager can give high concern simultaneously for the both styles and this behaviour seems to have recorded high employee morale. Most probably, a satisfactory level of employee morale can be achieved through balancing the necessity to get the work done by showing a greater concern for achieving tasks while practicing a same level or somewhat high concern on employees.Item Issues of Using Applications of Information Science and Technology in Sri Lankan Universities(University of Kelaniya, 2005) Dassanayake, G.We can now make a telephone call to anywhere on the globe, while television allows us to see something on the other side of the world the moment it happens. The Internet is no exception. Home pages enable us to view vast quantities of information without having to move an inch. The Internet also allows us to exchange email with people in far-flung places, while, provided the necessary equipment is in hand, we can also use television conferencing systems to hold simultaneous two way exchanges. However, the development of such means of communication brings with it the risk that we may lose sight of our own locality. We can use networks to find out about what is happening in the various distant regions of the world. Advances in technology, such as the Internet and e-mail, have made it easier for people to communicate with one other and to share information among them. These same changes, however, have made it more difficult to protect the privacy of our communications and information-sharing. What does privacy mean in the information age and can it be protected? Can we prevent phone calls or email messages from being intercepted? Therefore, this paper will explore these and other issues of privacy from university academics with student community. This paper presents the introduction of Digital Rights Management systems used to protect copyrighted content, why these systems are emphasized and by whom. Legal and technical aspects of such methods are also introduced. Moreover, progress in antipiracy techniques and reasons for the current situation with online piracy are explained. In addition to presenting an alternative model for digital entertainment business, a new distribution system based on direct subscription on downloadable media files is suggested. Positive and negative aspects of these options are discussed, indicating how copyright owners and distributors will approach these challenges. According to my view, Digital Rights Management, its potential and problems has been a very interesting field of studies and professional outcome will prove useful for further research. Therefore, every academics & University student community should learn about the following; Current international privacy laws and how they are being implemented; Whether regional privacy rules can work and What level of privacy organizations and individuals can reasonably expect in the futureItem Onward Buddhist Soldiers: The Sri Lankan Civil War through the Eyes of Buddhist Military Personnel(University of Kelaniya, 2005) Kent, D.Who are the Buddhist soldiers and how do they deal with the reality of war? This paper deals with the relationship between religion and war as seen from the perspective of Buddhists in the Sri Lankan military. Moving beyond abstract ethical arguments about Buddhist justifications of violence, this study will concentrate on Buddhist practice within a condition of warfare. In the two decades of Sri Lanka’s civil war, there has been considerable discourse on the topic of Buddhism and violence. (Kapferer: 1988, Obeyesekere: 1991, Tambiah: 1992) While scholars have made many important contributions to the continuing discussion of ethnic violence and religious identity in Sri Lanka, very little has been written on the topic of Buddhism and the military. Recently, Tessa Bartholomeusz opened up academic discussion of the more specific topic of Buddhism and war in In Defense of Dharma: Just-war ideology in Contemporary Sri Lanka (2002). In this work, Bartholomeusz asks two questions: first, how do Sri Lankan Buddhists employ different narratives when they perceive Dharma to be threatened?; and second, is there a Buddhist “just-war” tradition comparable to that found in Christianinspired ethics? Using Bartholomeusz’s work as a starting point, this study will look beyond the Buddhist ethical questions raised by warfare and concentrate on how soldiers practice their religion during a time of war. Rather than asking how Buddhists justify warfare, this study will ask how Buddhists engage in warfare and deal with its consequences. How do Buddhist soldiers mourn and commemorate fallen comrades? How do military personnel and their families deal with the fear and stress that arises both before and after combat? How do Buddhist religious specialists help soldiers deal with both physical and psychological trauma? The answers to these questions will be sought through ethnographic field work consisting of structured interviews with Sri Lankan military personnel and observation of religious ceremonies commissioned by individual soldiers and the military as an institution. While this study will be presented primarily from the perspective of religious studies, it will also deal more generally with the issues of ethnicity, nationalism and individual identity. In an attempt to get beyond the initial categorical dissonance created by the juxtaposition of ‘Buddhism’ and ‘War’, this work seeks to produce a vivid picture of how soldiers in the Sri Lankan military understand and put into practice their national, ethnic, religious identities.