Reviewing International Encounters (RIE)
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Item A Study of Modern Trends in Traditional Farming Methods of Paddy Cultivation(Reviewing International Encounters 2015, Research Center for Social Sciences, University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka, 2015) Kumari, J.A.P.Rice is main food as well as paddy cultivation is the major agriculture cultivation in Sri Lanka. Currently, around 807,763 hectares of land cultivated in Sri Lanka for paddy, 64% is cultivated in Maha season while 35% is cultivated in Yala season. Modern agricultural methods in the paddy sector were supported by the new and improved high yielding rice varieties, machineries, Pesticides and weedicides, Inorganic fertilizer. It was revealed that the modern paddy farming methods are prone to issues. Several problems were associated with modern rice cultivation, these crops were more susceptible to pest and disease attacks. Further, crop suffering from micronutrient deficiencies such as whitening, yellowing and retardation of growth. This research intends to identify and analyze the new trends of traditional farming practices on paddy cultivation. Information gathered through conducting interviews with total of 100 farmers in four paddy cultivation areas in Sri Lanka and utilized by case study and observation. Secondary data collected from books, articles, relevant websites and other relevant documents. Collected data analyzed by descriptive and advance research methods. Traditional farming method such as rituals and spiritual practices, Pirith, Suthra and Gatha.Kem methods, organic fertilizers, traditional rice varieties have identified as the success traditional agricultural practices for pest and diseases control as well as the high yield, increased production, profitability, etc.As well as the research was revealed that modern industrial farmers trend to use traditional farming methods for three reasons. They are, to restrict long term side effects inherited from the modern methods, as an ecofriendly agricultural practice and health and nutrition purposesItem Micro Credit Programs on Women Empowerment in Sri Lanka: With Special Reference to Samurdhi Micro Credit Program(Reviewing International Encounters 2018,The Research Center for Social Sciences (RCSS), University of Kelaniya, Sri LankaKumari, J.A.P.2018.Micro Credit Programs on Women Empowerment in Sri Lanka: With Special Reference to Samurdhi Micro Credit Program.Reviewing International Encounters 2018, The Research Center for Social Sciences (RCSS), University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka. p08, 2018) Kumari, J.A.P.Micro credit is the lending of small amounts of loan at low interest to law income people to start their own business. Micro credit used as a key tool for reducing poverty in developing countries after the experience in Bangladesh Grameen Micro Credit Program. Women empowerment has been identified as a main determinant to alleviating poverty in poor households. The main objective of this study is to investigate the impact of micro credit programs on women empowerment in order to reducing poverty in Sri Lanka. Data gathered through conducting interviews with total of 200 women in Samurdhi Micro Finance programs in Colombo District Secondary data collected from books, articles, relevant websites and other relevant documents. Collected data analyzed by regression analysis and descriptive analysis. The study revealed that micro credit has being effectively used to social and economic empowerment of women beneficiaries through increase family income and household living condition and Samurdhi microcredit program giving strong contribution to enhance small scale business, small saving and investment. The research demonstrated several general issues of microcredit servicers to poor women such as it failed to reach poorest of the poor women, lack of repayment, lack of effectively serve to target groups and misallocation of the resources as the result of political interference