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Item Phenetic analysis and phytochemical screening of medicinally important Albizia spp. in Sri Lanka(Ceylon Journal of Science (Biological Sciences), 2016) Jayasiri, A.P.A.; Senanayake, S.P.; Paranagama, P.; Amarasinghe, A.P.G.Albizia Durazz. is a genus of 150 species in the tropics and subtropics of the world and belongs to the sub family Mimosaceae in the Family Fabaceae. Of the six species recorded in Sri Lanka, A. lebbeck is used as a shady tree while A. odoratissima is grown mainly for their timber value, However, A. odoratissima and A. lebbeck are found to be used in ayurvedic medicine however, the medicinal properties of these species are not fully understood. A questionnaire survey was carried out using a hundred sample population to identify their medicinal usage. Floral and vegetative characters of the above two Albizia spp. were observed and phenetic relationships were identified. Air dried stem barks of A. odoratissima and A. lebbeck were subjected to sequential solvent extraction using hexane, chloroform, methanol and water, and the crude weight of the yield were obtained. The results revealed that ayurvedic physicians and traditional ayurvedic medical practitioners use A. odoratissima in medicinal preparations whereas the medicinal use of A. lebbeck is not reported. Further, it was revealed that Samanea saman and Adenanthera pavonina are commonly used as substitutes for A. lebbeck. Knowledge of phenetic variation of the two Albizia spp. can be used for accurate identification which prevents adulteration. Highest yield was obtained from the methanolic extracts. These extracts were subjected to preliminary phytochemical screening to assess the occurrence of different phytochemicals. Results have shown the presence of glylcosides, tannins, phenolics, phytosteroids and flavonoids in methanolic extracts A. odoratissima, and A. lebbeck. The present study suggests that further studies should be conducted on the identification of active compounds in these two plant species for their pharmacognostic properties in order to understand their mode of remedial action for ailments.Item Estimation of total phenolic content on stem bark extracts of selected Sri Lankan medicinal plants(National Centre for Advanced Studies in Humanities and Social Sciences Sri Lanka, 2015) Jayasiri, A.P.A.; Paranagama, P.A.; Senanayake, S.P.; Amarasinghe, A.P.G.Item Study of the microorganisms in two Ayurvedic medicated oil preparations with special reference to microbiological quality standards(Sri Lanka Association for the Advancement of Science, 2010) Najeeb, B.M.; Amarasinghe, A.P.G.; Widanapathirana, S.Item A microbiological study of an Ayurvedic compound preparation Dasamoola Arista with a view to defining an acceptable microbial quality standard(Sri Lanka Association for the Advancement of Science, 2008) Nageeb, B.M.; Widanapathirana, S.; Amarasinghe, A.P.G.The Indigenous system of medicine has been practiced successfully over several thousand years. The basic ingredients of indigenous medicine are plant materials. These materials contain natural inherent microbial flora and also may become contaminate during processing. Considering these facts the World Health Assembly in its resolutions WHA-31:33, 40:33, and 42:43 has emphasized the need for the microbial quality standard of medicinal plant products. Dasamoola Arista, has been used in therapeutics for several centuries. The objectives of this study were to enumerate the total viable count of bacteria, fungi and specific microorganisms such as Coliforms and Salmonella in the market samples of this drug. Fourteen different market samples were subjected to this study. Nutrient agar and Potato Dextrose agar were used as culture media. Pour plate and Spread plate techniques were used to study the microbial load in dilution series up to 10-3. Microbial counts on Nutrient agar and Potato dextrose agar were taken after 24 hours and 72 hours. Tests for Coliforms and Salmonella were done according to International standards. Coliform test was performed by MPN method using single strength MacConkey broth. Salmonella was tested after an enrichment process in buffered peptone. 0.1ml of this peptone was transferred to test tubes of Tetrathionate and Selenite broth separately and Incubated at 37 0C for 48 hours. These broths were streaked on Bismuthsulphiteagar (B/S.Agar) and Brilliantgreenbile agar(BGB ) Black colonies on B/S-Agar and Pink colonies on BGB Agar were considered as positive for Salmonella. These colonies were bio chemically tested for salmonella . All tests were repeated thrice and results were confirmed. The microbial load observed in this study was with in the limits of the WHA. The Colony count for Bacteria was in between 10x10 to 10x68. Fungi Colony count was in between 1x10 to 36x 10. The biochemical tests revealed that the Bacteria present in this preparation was Bacillus firmus. None of the drug samples were positive for Coliforms or Salmonella. These results revealed that these tested samples were microbiologically safe and up to the microbial quality standard.Item A study of total viable count of microorganism and specific microorganisms in four selected Arista and Asawa preparations(Sri Lanka Association for the Advancement of Science, 2009) Nageeb, B.M.; Amarasinghe, A.P.G.; Widanapathirana, S.Item Preliminary study of anti-bacterial effects of an Ayurvedic recipe Sharkaradi kalka(Sri Lanka Association for the Advancement of Science, 2005) Roshana, B.; Amarasinghe, A.P.G.; Widanapathirana, S.Item A comparative preliminary study of anti-bacterial effect of ayurvedic compound preparations of Dathree choorna and Hinguastaka choorna(Sri Lanka Association for the Advancement of Science, 2006) Nageeb, B.M.; Amarasinghe, A.P.G.; Widanapathirana, S.Item Phytochemical screening and In vitro anti-inflammatory activity of stem bark of Samanea saman(National Centre for Advanced Studies, 2014) Jayasiri, A.P.A.; Paranagama, P.A.; Senanayake, S.P.; Amarasinghe, A.P.G.Item Phytochemical screening of Albezia odorantissima stem bark(Institute of Indigenous Medicine, University of Colombo, 2014) Jayasiri, A.P.A.; Paranagama, P.A.; Senanayake, S.P.; Amarasinghe, A.P.G.Item A Preliminary Study on Microbial Quality Standards of an Ayurvedic Compound Preparation "Thalisadee Choorana".(2007) Nageeb, B.M.; Widanapathirana, S.; Amarasinghe, A.P.G.; Kasthuriarchi, K.A.H.Thalisadee choorana is a common Ayurvedic medical preparation widely used by all indigenous medical practitioners in Sri Lanka. It is used for respiratory tract ailments such as cough, common cold, bronchitis, asthmatic conditions and gastro intestinal disorders such as diarrhoea, vomiting, indigestion and loss of appetite. It contains mainly Pipemigram (Gammiris),Piperlongum(Thippili), Abies�wehhiuna (Thalispathra),Cinnamum zylanicum (Kurundupothu), Elettaria repens( Heenensal),Bamboo salt (Unakapuru) and sugar. All plant materials contain a large number of microorganisms.Some are inherent and some are contaminated during the process of harvesting and manufacturing process. Considering these facts, the World Health Assembly in its resolutions WHA-31 :33(1978) 40:33(1987), 42:43(1989) has emphasized the need of ensuring the quality in regard to microbial content of the plant products. Hence this study was carried out to determine the microbial load of this product and the possible sterilization methods of reducing the microbial load. The effect of the method on the drug which reduces the microbial load of the drug also studied. Ten different samples of Thalisadee choorana were subjected to this study. 0.1 gram of the drug sample was dissolved in 10 ml of sterile distilled water. (10�). Using this solution 10-1, 10-2 10-3 dilutions were prepared. Routine sterilization procedures were carried out in all steps.Nutrient agar and Potato dextrose agar were used as general culture media. Pour plate technique and spread plate technique were used to detect the microbial count respectively. 0.1 ml of above dilutions was used on culture plates. Each plate was controlled by using another duplicate culture plate. Plates were sealed and kept under normal room temperature. Colony counts were taken after 24 hours and 72 hours for bacteria and fungi respectively. It was assumed that each colony was formed by a single organism. Same procedure was repeated three times. According to the W.I-I.A standard, aerobic bacteria up to 105 I gram, yeast and moulds up to 103 I gram arc permitted The results ofthe above study indicate that the bacterial count was in between 3x106 to 4xl06 /gram. These results indicate that the limits were exceeding on every sample. The following methods were tried to reduce the microbial load. I 00 grams of the above samples were subjected to (a) Heat treatment in a hot air oven at 80� C for 10 minuets for three consecutive days. (b) Ultra violet radiation at 256 wave length continuously for 24 hours. (c) Steam treatment under atmospheric pressure in a closed container for 10 minuets for three consecutive days. The study of microbial load was thereafter repeated.The plates of the steamed samples were sterile up to 72 hours while the plate of other two methods does not show any reduction in microbial load. The volatile oil content by reflux method using Dead and Stark apparatus and the thin layer chromatographic (T.L.C) patterns of Ethanol extract and Water extracts using Silica gel GF 254 and G06 at the ratio of 1:3 with several solvent systems of both samples (Steamed and un steamed) were studied. The T.L.C. patterns and the volatile oil content of both samples were comparatively same .This preliminary study reveals that the steam treatment method is comparatively an effective method to reduce the microbial load of the above preparation. A detail study of the chemical compounds through other chromatography methods is needed to confirm this.