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Item Volatile Chemical Constituents and Bioactivity of Selected Piper Species in Sri Lanka(International Journal of Modern Botany, 2021) Jayarathna, S.P.N.C.; Athapattu, Ruvini; Senanayake, Priyanganie; Paranagama, Priyani.The Genus Piper comprises with many economically and medicinally important species in which essential oil is one of the major secondary metabolites responsible for medicinal properties of these plants. The present study was aimed to investigate volatile chemical constituents and in vitro antibacterial, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of essential oils extracted from leaves and fruits of eight Piper species found in Sri Lanka. Plant specimens were collected from natural habitats and cultivations. Essential oils were extracted using steam distillation method and subjected to gas chromatographic analysis. Identification of the volatile chemical constituents was performed by Gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC/MS) analysis. Antioxidant activity was tested using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging assay and ferric reducing power assay (FRAP). Human red blood cell (HRBC) membrane stabilizing method was used to evaluate anti-inflammatory activity. To evaluate the antibacterial activity, agar well diffusion assay was conducted for five Piper species and were tested against three pathogenic bacteria: Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, Bacillus subtilis MTCC 121 and Escherichia coli ATCC 25922. As the major volatile constituents of Piper nigrum, β-caryophyllene (60.5-9.1%), caryophyllene oxide (8.49-1.3%), α-copaene (7.4-3.1%), cadina-1,(10)-4-diene (4.3-2.1%), (n)- trans-nerolidol (5.9-0.5%), 4-epi cubedol (11.0-0.5%) and β-linalool (5.7-0.7%) were identified. P. betle was dominated by safrole (39.7-33.0%) and eugenol (43.2-27.4%). Piper longum, P. chuvya and P. sylvestre contained (n)-trans-nerolidol (12.7-0.2%, 66.5% and 41.2% respectively) as the major compounds. P. betle, P. chuvya and P. longum leaves had high antioxidant activity when compared with the standard Butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT). Furthermore, P. betle exhibited high anti-inflammatory activity when compared to the standard (Aspirin). P. nigrum and P. betle showed significant antibacterial activity against S. aureus. Moreover, P. betle exhibited significant activity against B. Subtilis. The bioactivity test results revealed that some of the Piper species available in Sri Lanka are potential sources for developing new herbal drugs.Item Evaluation of anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties of Genus Piper in Sri Lanka. International Research Symposium on Pure and Applied Sciences,(International Research Symposium on Pure and Applied Sciences, 2017 Faculty of Science, University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka., 2017) Athapattu, R.S.K.; Jayarathna, S.P.N.C.; Paranagama, P.A.; Senanayake, S.P.In Sri Lanka, the genus Piper is represented by ten species including five wild and two cultivated species. Most of the species of the genus Piper are important as medicinal plants and used in various systems of medicine.This study aims to evaluate the bioactivity (anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties) of the selected five Piper spp. (P. nigrum L., P. longum L., P. betle L., P. chuvya (Miq.) and P. sylvestre). Specimens of leaves and fruits were collected from their natural habitats and cultivations, and were subjected to the extraction of essential oils by steam distillation. Three replicates were done for each concentration and data were analyzed using the MINITAB 17 statistical package. Antioxidant activity was tested using 2,2-diphenyl-1- picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging assay and ferric reducing antioxidant power assay. The isolated essential oils of Piper species exhibited remarkable DPPH free radical scavenging ability at different concentrations. The results revealed that the essential oil of P.betle exhibited the highest radical scavenging activity (92.8% at 1 mg/mL) and the value is higher than even of the standard, Butylated Hydroxy Toluene (BHT), (74.5% at 1 mg/mL). Further, essential oils of P. chuvya and P. longum have shown 91.8% and 63.1%inhibition percentages at 1 mg/mL. Essential oil isolated from P. betle has showed remarkable ferric reducing antioxidant power (mean absorbance, 1.89at 1 mg/mL) compared to the standard, BHT, (2.01at 1 mg/mL). Further, it was observed that its antioxidant activity increased with the increment of the concentration of essential oil (0.03-1 mg/mL). These results suggested the potential of using essential oils of leaves of P.betle, P. chuvya (1.31) and P. longum (1.28) as sources of natural antioxidants. This study also focused on evaluating anti-inflammatory activity by using Human Red Blood Cell (HRBC) membrane stabilizing method.Higher mean inhibition percentage was observed for the essential oil of P. betle leaves (79.6%at 1 mg/mL) compared to the standard (aspirin) and the activity significantly increased with higher concentrations (76.4% at 0.5 mg/mL and 79.6% at 1 mg/mL). Further, 62 % and 58.3 % of inhibitions percentages were shown by essential oils of P. chuvya and P. longum respectively. According to the findings of this study, bioactivity properties of the leaves and fruits of these Piper species can be used in future perspectives for developing novel pharmaceuticals.