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    Promotion of sustainable capture fisheries and aquaculture in Asian reservoirs and lakes
    (Hydrobiologia, Springer Netherlands, 2001) Amarasingha, U.S.; Dancun, A.; Moreau, J.; Schiemer, F.; Simon, D.; Vijverberg, J.
    A collaborative international project funded by the European Union’s INCO-DC programme is undertaking limnological, fish biological, environmental and socio-economic research in five tropical lakes and reservoirs in Sri Lanka, Thailand and the Philippines over the period 1998–2001. The aim is to determine their trophic structure and their capacity to sustain both their existing fisheries and present and future aquaculture. In some cases, these activities could potentially be expanded for the benefit of rural communities and of the local market within the bounds of social and environmental sustainability. This paper describes the concepts and methods involved in this innovative multidisciplinary project which aims to integrate limnological, fisheries and socio-economic issues in a comparative approach involving Asian and European research teams.
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    Multi-mesh gillnet selectivity of Oreochromis mossambicus and O. niloticus (Cichlidae) in the fishery of three large perennial reservoirs in Sri Lanka
    (Sri Lanka Journal of Aquatic Sciences, 2017) Jayasinghe, R.P.P.K.; Amarasinghe, U.S.; Moreau, J.
    As in many tropical reservoir fisheries, the major fishing gear in the reservoirs of Sri Lanka is gillnet. Gillnets of a wide range of stretched mesh sizes (6.9 - 11.4 cm) are used in individual boats in Sri Lankan reservoirs targeting mainly two exotic cichlid species, Oreochromis mossambicus and O. niloticus, which dominate the fisheries accounting for over 80% of the landings. Although the filament characteristics and dimensions of gillnets of different mesh sizes are uniform, their mesh composition varies from boat to boat making catch samples in individual boats are under the influence of different selectivity patterns. As such, an approach is presented for constructing the overall selection curves in the sampled boats during different sampling occasions for the two cichlid fish species in the three reservoirs. For this purpose, gillnet selectivity of each mesh size was determined using Baranov-Holt method. Probabilities of capture of mesh-wise gillnet selection curves were then summed up giving weight to the contribution of each mesh size to the total number of net pieces in the sampled boat, to determine the overall gillnet selection from gillnets of all mesh sizes. The importance of the findings of the present study for length-based stock assessment methods and for imposing mesh regulations to the gillnet fisheries in reservoirs of Sri Lanka is discussed.
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    A comparative assessment of the fisheries in lacustrine inland waters in three Asian countries based on catch and effort data
    (Fisheries Research, 1991) de Silva, S.S.; Moreau, J.; Amarasinghe, U.S.; Chookajorn, T.; Guerrero, R.D.
    The catch and effort data of the artisanal fisheries of the natural lakes and reservoirs in the Philippines, and reservoirs in Sri Lanka and Thailand are evaluated. The yield (kg ha?1 year?1) to effort relationship of the Philippines lakes and Thai reservoirs conformed to a second-order curve, and that of Sri Lankan reservoirs was linear. Similarly, the catch per unit effort (CPUE) to effort per unit area relationships for the Philippines and Thai fisheries were similar and conformed to the Fox model. The relationship of the mean annual yield (kg ha?1) to mean effort in the Sri Lankan reservoirs when considered as a whole, on a yearly basis, conformed to the Schaefer model. On the basis of these relationships the effort which gave the maximum yield per annum was computed for each fishery. The yields were 515, 256 and 93 kg ha?1 for efforts of 20, 6.4 and 10 fishermen for the fisheries of the Philippines, Sri Lanka and Thailand, respectively. An attempt is made to explain the reasons for the apparent differences in these three artisanal fisheries, and the importance of the models in the management of the respective fisheries are discussed. 1 Present address: Deakin University, Warrnambool Faculty of Applied Science and Environmental Technology, P.O. Box 423, Warrnambool 3280, Australia.
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    Trophic relationships and possible evolution of the production under various fisheries management strategies in a Sri Lankan reservoir
    (Reservoir and Culture-based Fisheries: Biology and Management, 2001) Moreau, J.; Villanueva, M.C.; Amarasinghe, U.S.; Schiemer, F.
    The ECOPATH trophic model has been used to describe an extensive study of the trophic relationships of Parakrama Samudra reservoir, Sri Lanka, during the 1970s. It has supported preliminary assessments made regarding the importance of unexploited fish stocks and can possibly provide the link to understanding the further evolution of the lake under various fisheries management schemes.
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    Promotion of sustainable fisheries and aquaculture in Asian reservoirs and lakes
    (Hydrobiologia, 2001) Amarasinghe, U.S.; Duncan, A.; Moreau, J.; Schiemer, F.; Simon, D.; Vijverberg, J.
    A collaborative international project funded by the European Union's INCO-DC programme is undertaking limnological, fish biological, environmental and socio-economic research in five tropical lakes and reservoirs in Sri Lanka, Thailand and the Philippines over the period 1998?2001. The aim is to determine their trophic structure and their capacity to sustain both their existing fisheries and present and future aquaculture. In some cases, these activities could potentially be expanded for the benefit of rural communities and of the local market within the bounds of social and environmental sustainability. This paper describes the concepts and methods involved in this innovative multidisciplinary project which aims to integrate limnological, fisheries and socio-economic issues in a comparative approach involving Asian and European research teams.
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    Spatial Changes in Growth and Mortality and Effects on the Fishery of Oreochromis mossambicus (Pisces, Cichlidae) in a Man-made Lake in Sri Lanka
    (Asian Fisheries Society, 1989) Amarasinghe, U.S.; de Silva, S.S.; Moreau, J.
    Growth and mortality were estimated from the length-frequency data of Oreochromis mossambicus from the gillnet fishery of Parakrama Samudra, a man-made lake in Sri Lanka, separately for its three basins. The asymptotic length (L?) and the growth constant (K) of O. mossambicus in the northern basin of the lake (34.9 cm and 0.3, respectively) are appreciably different from those in other tow basins (middle basin, L? = 38.8 cm and K = 0.24; southern basins are 2.22, 1.64 and 1.07, respectively. The spatial differences in growth are suggested to be due to different fishing pressure and environmental conditions. Yield-per-recruit analysis indicate that in the populations with low L? and high K, exploitation level should be maintained at a low level. Fish yield could be optimized by increasing the size of first capture and exploitation rate in the population with high L? and low K.
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    Diel feeding periodicity, daily ration and relative food consumption in some fish populations in three reservoirs of Sri Lanka
    (Aquatic Living Resources, 2006) Weliange, W.S.; Amarasinghe, U.S.; Moreau, J.; Villanueva, M.C.
    Twelve diel surveys were carried out in three reservoirs of Sri Lanka viz. Minneriya, Udawalawe and Victoria, to investigate diel feeding patterns, daily ration and relative food consumption in fish populations. Stomach content weights of different size classes of various fish species in the three reservoirs in 12 diel surveys were analysed using an iterative method, MAXIMS. Predominantly herbivorous or detritivorous fish species such as Amblypharyngodon melettinus and Oreochromis niloticus exhibited one peak in the diel feeding pattern. Two peak feeding periods were evident in predominantly insectivores and/or zooplanktivores (e.g., Puntius chola and Rasbora daniconius) and interestingly in macrophyte feeders (i.e., Etroplus suratensis, Puntius filamentosus and Tilapia rendalli). It might be possible that all species with two feeding peaks in diel feeding patterns rely on vision for feeding. Food consumption per biomass (Q/B ratio) defined as amount of food consumed per unit weight of an age-structured population of fish was estimated on the basis of the average quantities of food consumed over a long period of time by various size classes in order to minimize the bias of estimates.
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    Strategic Review of Enhancements and Culture-based Fisheries
    (Aquaculture in the Third Millennium, 2000) Lorenzen, K.; Amarasinghe, U.S.; Bartley, D.M.; Bell, D.J.; Bilio, M.; de Silva, S.S.; Garaway, C.J.; Hartmann, W.D.; Kapetsky, J.M.; Laleye, P.; Moreau, J.; Sugunan, V.V.; Swar, D.B.
    Enhancements are interventions in the life cycle of common-pool aquatic resources. Enhancement technologies include culture-based fisheries, habitat modifications, fertilization, feeding and elimination of predators/competitors. Enhancements are estimated to yield about two million mt per year, mostly from culture-based fisheries in fresh waters where they account for some 20 percent of capture, or 10 percent of combined capture and culture production. Marine enhancements are still at an experimental stage, but some have reached commercial production. Enhancements use limited external feed and energy inputs, and can provide very high returns for labour and capital input. Moreover, enhancement initiatives can facilitate institutional change and a more active management of aquatic resources, leading to increased productivity, conservation and wider social benefits. Enhancements may help to maintain population abundance, community structure and ecosystem functioning in the face of heavy exploitation and/or environmental degradation. Negative environmental impacts may arise from ecological and genetic interactions between enhanced and wild stocks. Many enhancements have not realised their full potential because of a failure to address specific institutional, technological, management and research requirements emanating from two key characteristics. Firstly, enhancement involves investment in common-pool resources and can only be sustained under institutional arrangements that allow regulation of use and a flow of benefits to those who bear the costs of enhancement. Secondly, interventions are limited to certain aspects of the life cycle of stocks, and outcomes are strongly dependent on natural conditions beyond management control. Hence, management must be adapted to local conditions to be effective, and certain conditions may preclude successful enhancement altogether. Governments have a major role to play in facilitating enhancement initiatives through the establishment of conducive institutional arrangements, appropriate research support, and the management of environmental and other impacts on and from enhancements.