IMPACT OF TEACHING AND LEARNING ENVIRONMENT ON STUDENT ENGAGEMENT; MODERATING IMPACT OF THE BEHAVIORAL INTENTION IN HIGHER EDUCATION IN SRI LANKA

Abstract

Higher education institutions globally face challenges in addressing student satisfaction, retention, loyalty, academic performance, and employability. In Sri Lanka, these challenges are particularly pressing for both state and non-state universities, with student retention and employability being key concerns. The global pandemic and subsequent economic crisis have exacerbated these challenges, compelling universities to shift to virtual classrooms and digitalized activities. However, this rapid transition has raised concerns about fulfilling the fundamental objectives of higher education. This study aims to investigate student engagement, a critical factor within the control of universities, to address these challenges effectively. Grounded in Astin’s Theory of Involvement (1984), Bronfenbrenner and Ceci’s Ecological System Theory, and Kember and Leung’s Teaching and Learning Environment Model, this research explores the variables influencing student engagement in Sri Lankan higher education. Additionally, technology adoption models are employed to assess the moderating role of technology in student engagement. A deductive approach was adopted, with data collected from students in both state and non-state universities. The findings reveal that Teaching, Student-Peer Relationships, Teacher-Student Relationships, and the Campus and Institutional Environment positively influence student engagement. Furthermore, the study highlights that technology integration plays a significant moderating role in shaping engagement outcomes. These results provide valuable insights into enhancing student engagement amidst technological disruptions. The research establishes a comprehensive model tailored to the Sri Lankan context, emphasizing the importance of effective teaching strategies, supportive relationships, and a conducive institutional environment. It also underscores the necessity of managing technology integration to ensure it enhances rather than hinders engagement. The findings contribute to the broader understanding of how higher education institutions can address contemporary challenges and enhance student outcomes effectively.