Promoting sustainability in E-waste management: a comparison of household practices and awareness between STEM and non-STEM university students in Sri Lanka

Abstract

The growing use of electronic and electrical equipment (EEE) has led to a global surge in electronic waste (E-waste), posing serious environmental and health risks, especially in developing countries like Sri Lanka. This study assessed household E-waste management awareness, attitudes, and practices among 396 undergraduate students at the University of Kelaniya, selected through stratified random sampling across six faculties. A structured, validated questionnaire was used to collect data, which were analyzed using descriptive statistics, two-sample t-tests, and logistic regression. Findings indicated high ownership of electronic devices, with 100% of students using mobile phones and 89% using personal computers. While 97% recognized these items as E-waste, improper disposal practices persisted: 21% stored old devices at home, and 12% discarded them with regular garbage. Awareness of health impacts (e.g., cancer, reproductive issues) and environmental consequences (e.g., toxic gas release) was moderate, with STEM students showing significantly higher knowledge than non-STEM peers (p < 0.05). Logistic regression revealed that students with greater awareness (OR = 0.43), environmental concern (OR = 0.33), and health concern (OR = 0.48) were significantly less likely to engage in improper disposal (p < 0.001). In contrast, higher electronic usage was associated with a greater likelihood of unsafe disposal (OR = 2.18, p < 0.005). These findings highlight the need for integrated E-waste management policies, combining public education with improved disposal infrastructure. By addressing behavioral factors contributing to improper disposal, policymakers can develop effective intervention strategies to promote sustainable E-waste management practices.