NRCASS 2019
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Item The Evolution of Export in Sri Lanka(5th National Conference on Applied Social Statistics (NRCASS) - 2019, Department of Social Statistics, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka, 2019) Lakshika, H. A. T.An Export is a function of International trade. Exports are the goods and services produced in one country and purchased by residents of another country. Exports are a crucial component of a country’s economy, as the sale of such goods adds to the producing nation’s gross output. When considering about the Sri Lankan economy, Export is playing a major role with international trade. Since 1977, Sri Lankan closed economy had move to the open economy and to deals with the international trade. Sri Lanka’s main export industries are Knit or crochet clothing, accessories, Clothing ,accessories (not knit or crochet), Coffee, tea, spices, Rubber, rubber articles, Ships, boats, Gems, precious metals, Machinery including computers, Electrical machinery, equipments, Fish, Other chemical goods. Considering about Export of Sri Lanka in last years, according to annual report of central bank, the country’s export performance during the last four decades that have ensued has been disappointing. But in September of 2016, the exports in Sri Lanka increased 5.7 percent year- on-year to USD million. The object and research question of this explanation identify and discuss the evolution of export and how exports effect for the Sri Lankan economy. I referred secondary data such as Central bank reports, Magazines and Internet for this analysisItem Childhood Obesity and Academic Performance at School(Department of Social Statisctics, University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka, 2019) Assalla, A.D.N.P.Children who are obese are above the normal weight for their age and height. Childhood obesity increases the risk of adulthood obesity and obesity-related diseases such as hypertension, diabetes, and dyslipidemia. Successful academic performance is important during the school years and is also a strong predictor of occupational and social success in adult life. Therefore, the main objective of this study is to examine the association between children’s overweight status and their academic performance. Primary data were obtained from a cross-sectional survey conducted through a structured questionnaire. This study was selected 80 students using simple random sampling techniques as the sample in Attanagalla Divisional Secretariat. Descriptive statistics, correlation analysis, and logistic regression analysis were used to analyze data. Overweight students both girls and boys achieved lower average marks for math and language than their non-overweight peers. It was identified that obesity is negatively associated with academic performance in both genders at school. Age, gender, mother’s BMI, father’s BMI, skipping breakfast, eating fast foods, and snacks have been identified as the key determinant for the development of obesity. The overweight students also demonstrated significantly more detentions, worsened school attendance, and less participation in the school athletic team.Item Childhood Obesity and Academic Performance at School(5th National Conference on Applied Social Statistics (NRCASS) - 2019, Department of Social Statistics, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka, 2019) Assalla, A.D. N. P.Childhood obesity is one of the most serious public health challenges of the 21st century. Children who are obese are above the normal weight for their age and height. Childhood obesity leads to its related noncommunicable diseases and psychosocial health problems of children. Childhood obesity increases the risk of adulthood obesity and obesity related diseases such as hypertension, diabetes, and dyslipidemia. Successful academic performance is important during the school years and is also a strong predictor of occupational and social success in adult life. Therefore, the main objective of this study is to examine the association between children’s overweight status and their academic achievements. This study was based on primary and secondary data. Primary data were obtained from a cross-sectional survey conducted through a structured questionnaire in Gampaha district. Simple random sampling method were used to select 80 students. Descriptive statistics including mean, standard deviation and inferential statistics comprising chi square test, correlation analysis and multiple regression analysis were used to analyze data using SPSS and Excel. Overweight students both girls and boys achieved lower average marks for math and language than their non-overweight peers. Age, gender, mother’s BMI, father’s BMI, skipping breakfast, eating fast foods and snacks have identified as key determinant for the development of obesity. The overweight students also demonstrated significantly more detentions, worsened school attendance and less participation on sports. This study has identified that, obesity is negatively associated with academic performance in both gender at schoolItem ග්‍රාමීය ජනතාවගේ මුල්‍යයන කටයුතු කෙරෙහි රාජ්‍ය බැංකු වල දායකත්වය පිළිබඳ අධ්‍යනයක්(Department of Social Statisctics, University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka, 2019) Chathurangani, D.A.K.නවීන යුගයේ අවශ්‍යතාවයන් සංකීර්ණ වීමත් සමඟ රටේ බොහෝ දෙනා තම මුල්‍යයන කටයුතු ඉටුකර ගැනීම සඳහා රාජ්‍ය බැංකු භාවිතා කරයි. නාගරික හෝ ග්‍රාමීය වශයෙන් ගත් විට වෙනසක් නොමැතිව ජනතාව තම මුල්‍යයන කටයුතු සඳහා රාජ්‍ය බැංකු භාවිතා කරන ආකාරය දක්නට ලැබේ. ඒ අනුව තලවිල ග්‍රාමයේ ජනතාවගේ මුල්‍යයන කටයුතු සඳහා රාජ්‍ය බැංකුවල දායකත්වය කෙබඳුද යන්න හඳුනා ගැනිම මුලික ගැට`ථව විය. මෙම ගැට`ථව පදනම් කරගත් ප්‍රධාන අධ්‍යයන අරමුණ වුයේ ග්‍රාමීය අංශ මුල්‍යයන කටයුතු සඳහා රාජ්‍ය බැංකු ව්‍යාප්තියෙන් ඇති දායකත්වය විමසා බැලීමයි. මේ සඳහා තලවිල නැගෙනහිර ග්‍රාමසේවා වසමේ සියලුම පවුල් නියෝජනය වන ආකාරයට Yamane ක්‍රමය යටතේ නියැඳි තරම ගණනය කර එ්කක 85ක් තෝරාගත් අතර සරල සසම්භාවි ක්‍රමය මඟින් අවශ්‍ය පවුල් තෝරාගන්නා ලදී. දත්ත රැස්කිරීම සඳහා ප්‍රශ්නාවලි ක්‍රමය, සම්මුඛ සාකච්ඡා ක්‍රමය හා තවත් ද්විතියීක මුලාශ්‍ර ද යොදාගන්නා ලදී. දත්ත විශ්ලේෂණය සඳහා විස්තරාත්මක සංඛ්‍යානය, කයිවර්ග පරීක්ෂාව, සංගහන මධ්‍යන්‍යය සඳහා ප්‍රාන්තර නිමානය, අපරාමිතික පරීක්ෂා හා බහුගුණ ප්‍රතිපායනය යොදාගෙන ඇත. ඒ අනුව ජනතාවගේ ප්‍රජාවිද්‍යාත්මක සාධකයන් මුල්‍යයන කටයුතු සඳහා රාජ්‍ය බැංකු භාවිතය අතර සම්බන්ධතාවයක් පවතින බවද, ජනතාවගේ එදිනෙදා අවශ්‍යතාවයන් සඳහා රාජ්‍ය බැංකු ඉතාමත් වැදගත් කාර්යයභාරයක් ඉටු කරන බවද, ජනතාවගේ දෛනික වැඩකටයුතුවලදී රාජ්‍ය බැංකු විශාල බලපෑමක් කරනු ලබන අතර හා ජනතාවගේ තෘප්තිමත් වීම ඉහළ මට්ටමක පවති.මේ සඳහා ඉදිරිපත් කරන යෝජනා අතර සාම්ප්‍රදායික සුරැකුම් වෙනුවට සාමුහික ඇප පදනම් කරගෙන කණ්ඩායම් ණය ක්‍රම දියත් කළ යුතුය.Item The effectiveness of holding Advanced Level GIT examination in online(5th National Conference on Applied Social Statistics (NRCASS) - 2019, Department of Social Statistics, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka, 2019) Vithanawasam, K.; Lakshani, M.P.; Dharmarathna, R.G.R.T.; Weerakkody, W.C.L.; Herath, H.M.D.I.This research discussed about the effectiveness of holding General Information Technology examination which is held for Advanced Level students in online. This is a computer related optional subject that has to be appeared by all the A/L candidates. The GIT examination had started in 2005, but it became compulsory in 2015. From 2005 to 2018 the GIT paper was held as a writing paper. But in 2019 the Examination Department has decided to hold the GCE A/L GIT examination as an Online pilot test. It was held from 11th of march 18th of march at 655 centers with the participation of 186,097 candidates. Two exam papers were given for 3hours. 10 extra minutes was granted as a loading time and paper should be answered according to the system. The candidates who got the admission for the GIT pilot examination 2019 were the population of the research and some candidates who got the admission for GIT pilot paper, were randomly selected from the western province . Finding whether the candidates have the basic computer literacy, the most effective method is either online paper or writing paper, issues that were occurred during the examination sessions and the effectiveness of holding the GIT paper as online paper continuously were the objectives of the research. The outcome of this research indicates that most of the students don’t have primary computer literacy even to operate a computer and they haven’t enough facilities to learn. Therefore, some students were afraid of facing the exam and some were even not participated. Moreover, some students were not able to face the examination properly due to some issues like power cutting and system errors. Finally, this research gives a conclusion that this online pilot paper wasn’t successful one without a proper preparation and it is better to hold the GIT examination as a written paperItem Current Issues and Policies to Address Inefficiencies of Coconut Industry(5th National Conference on Applied Social Statistics (NRCASS) - 2019, Department of Social Statistics, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka, 2019) Rathnayake, R. M. D. H.Coconut is one of the major plantation crops in Sri Lanka which accounts for approximately 12% of all agricultural produce in Sri Lanka. Total land area under cultivation is 395,000 hectares and about 2,500 million nuts are produced per year. According to the CRI forecast, the annual coconut yield for the year 2019 is 2828 million nuts (Sri Lanka Coconut Statistics 2017 Coconut Development Authority) and it is 10.% increase compared to the Annual National Coconut Production (ANCP) in year 2016 (2736 Mn. nuts). The coconut industry is an important source of foreign exchange, and an essential component of Sri Lankan cuisine, nutrition and rural livelihood. Coconut based products are from the Kernel, Shell, Husk, and fibber based. The main research problem of the study is although coconut production has increased significantly, the coconut processing industry has failed to absorb excess nuts. There is a rapid decline in price of coconut with this harvest and due to that coconut growers and coconut oil producers have experienced problems. Farm gate price of nuts has decreased significantly while reaching to a level where the price is less than the cost of production. This study is use both Primary and secondary data .The main tool that was used for data collection was questionnaire, and the data gathered from the Coconut Research Institute, Coconut Development Authority and Coconut Cultivation Board. Finally, Coconut Industry is hailed as the third largest net foreign exchange earner and one of the largest contributors towards the Gross Domestic Product of Our Nation. Coconut harvest is high this year so that the farm gate prices of a coconut has fallen. As there is no restriction on the export of coconuts, can be proposes to promote exports and Formulate a policy framework for the coconut industry of Sri Lanka to meet new challengesItem The Impact of Physical Work Environment on Job Satisfaction: The Perceptions of the Clerical Staff at the University of Kelaniya(5th National Conference on Applied Social Statistics (NRCASS) - 2019, Department of Social Statistics, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka, 2019) Hapuhinna, H. K. D. W. M. S. K.; Kumar, S.The workforce within the service sector is rapidly increasing. Service sector employees spend much of their time in indoor office environments, which affect employee performance and employee wellbeing. Nonetheless, little empirical evidence is available from Sri Lanka to demonstrate the link between the physical work environments and job satisfaction. The present study is conducted to identify the different elements of the workspace and their association with job satisfaction. The environment comfort model postulates that environmental comfort can be conceptualised to include the three aspects, physical, functional and psychological comfort. Physical comfort is the minimal level of comfort required, followed by functional and psychological comfort in affecting employee satisfaction. Thus, the model is hierarchical in nature. Demographic characteristics of employees are expected to affect perceptions of comfort. The investigation was carried out through two studies, using qualitative and quantitative approaches. University of Kelaniya was selected as the study site and clerical and allied grade employees were selected as the population for both studies. Focus group discussions were used for data collection and relative levels of comfort for the three aspects were assessed. The highest satisfaction was with physical comfort, followed by functional and psychological comfort, which is consistent with the hierarchical nature of the environmental comfort model. The study used stratified random sampling. Demographic characteristics affected experiences of comfort; specifically, results showed male respondents reported higher environmental satisfaction than female employees. The results indicated a significant relationship between physical work environment and job satisfaction, but not with functional and psychological comfort. The findings were generally supportive of the environmental comfort model. The results support the hierarchical nature of environmental comfort and the significance of physical comfort in the job satisfaction of employees. The study highlights through qualitative data that all three levels of comfort are nevertheless important. The implications of the findings to managerial applications are also discussed.Item The Dynamic Sectoral Growth Linkages: Evidence from Sri Lanka(5th National Conference on Applied Social Statistics (NRCASS) - 2019, Department of Social Statistics, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka, 2019) T. Sukirtha, T.; Sivarajasingham, S.; Balamurali, N.An understanding of sectoral growth dynamics becomes more important for policy formulation in designing a balanced growth in the economy. This study attempts to examine the dynamic growth linkages among three major sectors; agriculture, industry and services of the Sri Lankan economy for the period 1960-2017. The variables used in this study are Agricultural GDP, Industrial GDP, Service GDP and Overall GDP. The data for the study are collected from the Central Bank Annual Report 2017. Graphical analysis including scatter plot, line graph, Confidence Ellipse and Nearest Neighbor fit are used to identify the basic features and the relationship between sectoral GDP series. Inter temporal correlation results show that there exists a high positive statistically significant correlation between all sectors GDP at 5 percent level. Unit root test results show that all GDP series are nonstationary. First difference of all log (GDPi) series are stationary. Engle-Granger (EG) co-integration test using fully modified OLS estimation provides evidence of long run equilibrium relationship between sectors. The results from ECM shows that the coefficient of error correction terms are statistically significant and had expected sign (negative) for all models, all sectors are positively related significantly even in the Short run. The diagnostic test results indicate that the results are robust. Granger causality tests indicate that Agriculture and Industrial Sector Granger cause economic growth significantly. It is also noted that overall economic growth Granger cause agriculture sector GDP. The investigation of causality analysis among sectors show that service and agriculture sectors are having two-way Granger causal relationship in the short run. In addition, Service sector Granger cause Industrial sector while Industrial Sector Granger cause Agricultural sector significantly. In contrast, Error correction term coefficient Granger causality indicator (ECT) shows that there is a significant causal relationship among sectors in the long run. Results indicate that agriculture sector Granger cause other sectors significantly and is base for livelihood for more people. Therefore, government needs to support agriculture sector to have stable overall economic growth. Empirical results indicate that all sectors are interlinked. However, study need to promote all sectors in effective and stable ways.Item University Students and Social Phobias(5th National Conference on Applied Social Statistics (NRCASS) - 2019, Department of Social Statistics, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka, 2019) Jayasuriya, V. H.; Jayasinghe, H. C. Y.There has been a recent increase in interest regarding social phobia because of higher than expected incidences of social phobia, and because social phobia leads to disrupted relationships, severe anxiety, depression, substance abuse and loss of natural faculties at an important level in patients. Until recently, the concept of self-esteem in psychiatry literature in broadest terms, has been a judgment that show “how a person values him”. The present study aimed to determine the impact of social phobia of self-esteem & self-image of university life, study participant were 100 students choose by randomly in university of Kelaniya. Our Subject were administered the Rosenberg self-esteem scale &Social phobia scale (SPS). And also we analyzed data by using SPSS. Moreover, our objective is, to demonstrate the prevalence of social phobia & its relation to body image and self- esteem. Basically our research question is the present study aimed to determine the impact of social phobias and how it effect of self-esteem and self-image of university students. The result show that persons with social phobia have lower self-esteem and more distorted body image than do those without social phobia. Finally, we can identify there were some limitations. Those are; This study does not represent the general population and also this study does not represent the changes in outpatients’ body image & self-esteem before and after therapy.Item Impact of Earning Quality on Firm’s Performance: An Empirical Study of Aitken Spence Travels Pvt Ltd(5th National Conference on Applied Social Statistics (NRCASS) - 2019, Department of Social Statistics, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka, 2019) Yohani, A.K.D.T.The firm’s performance is a magnitude process that determines the future investment decisions and that firms’ persistence in the industry. This study undertaken to identify the significant impact of earning quality on firm’s performance of Aitken Spence Travels in Colombo Stock Exchange. Properly managed discretionary accruals always lead to high quality of earnings. Therefore it is essential to identify, what kind of impact that arises on earning quality will leads to the higher performance of the firm. The present study undertaken with the objective of find out the relationship between earning quality and firm’s performance of Aitken Spence Travels. This study used the secondary data for the period of 2008-2016, the sample consist a leading travel agency in Colombo stock exchange. The travel agency is Aitken Spence Travels Pvt Ltd. This study used correlation analysis and multiple regression analysis to measure the relationship between variables, individual and overall impact on firm’s performance and to test the operationally developed hypotheses. Earning quality determined according to the effect of accruals quality. In this research, discretionary accruals by developing it as an independent variable. And the Firms performance measured by return on asset and return on equality as a depent variable. The findings of this study reveals, there is a significant positive relationship with earning quality and return on quality and also there is a significant positive relationship with earning quality and return on assets. However, the above results provide information to understand the earning quality and how it impact on firms performance level in travel industry in Sri Lanka.Item දෙමාපියන්ගේ විදේශගතවීම ළමා අපයෝජනය කෙරෙහි සිදු කරන බලපෑම (කුරුණෑගල ප්‍රාදේශීය ලේකම් කොට්ඨාසය ඇසුරින්)(Department of Social Statisctics, University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka, 2019) Dissanayake, D.M.C.ළමා අපහරණය වූ කලී ලාංකික ජන සමාජය විෂයෙහි උද්ගත වී ඇති සංකීර්ණ සමාජ ගැටලුවකි. 1977 ශ්‍රී ලාංකික ආර්ථිකයේ සිදුකළ ව්‍යුහාත්මක වෙනස්කම් සමඟ නව රැකියා හා ආදායම් ප්‍රවේශයක් ලෙස දෙමාපියන්ගේ විදේශගතවීම වර්තමානය වනවිට රටට විදේශ විනිමය ලබාදෙන ප්‍රබල ආර්ථික සාධකයක් බවට පත් වී ඇත. නමුත් දෙමාපියන් විදේශගත පවුල් ආශ්‍රිතව ළමා අපයෝජන සිද්ධීන් ක්‍රමිකව වාර්තා වීමේ උපනතියත් සමඟ මෙම පර්යේෂණය කාලෝචිත මෙන්ම ප්‍රායෝගික වූවක් වේ. මේ අනුව දෙමාපියන්ගේ විදේශගතවීම ළමා අපයෝජනය ඇති වීමට සිදු කරන බලපෑම කෙබඳුද? යන්න පර්යේෂණයේ ගැටලුව වේ. මෙහි මුඛ්‍ය පරමාර්ථය දෙමාපියන්ගේ විදේශගතවීම හා ළමා අපයෝජනය අතර ඇති සම්බන්ධය කෙබඳුදැයි අවබෝධ කරගැනීමයි. ළමයින් කෙරෙහි ඇති කරන බලපෑම්වල ස්වරූපය හඳුනා ගැනීම, දෙමාපියන්ගේ විදේශගතවීම සඳහා බලපාන සමාජ ආර්ථික පසුබිම හඳුනා ගැනීම හා ළමයින් ඇතිකර ගන්නා ඍණාත්මක ප්‍රතිවිපාක අවම කරගැනීම සඳහා උචිත ක්‍රමෝපායන් හඳුන්වාදීම මෙම පර්යේෂණයේ අරමුණු විය. පර්යේෂණ ක්‍රමවේදය ලෙස සිද්ධි අධ්‍යයනය භාවිත කරන ලදී. මෙම ක්‍රමවේදය ඔස්සේ ළමා අපයෝජනය කෙරෙහි බලපාන සමාජ සාධක හඳුනාගෙන එම සාධක වෙත දෙමාපියන්ගේ විදේශගතවීම කොතරම් බලපෑමක් කර ඇති ද යන්න තහවුරු කරමින් පොදු සාමාන්‍යාකරණයක් කර ඇත. ප්‍රාථමික හා ද්විතියික දත්ත ද්විත්යම යොදාගත් අතර ප්‍රශ්නාවලී හා අර්ධ ව්‍යුහගත සම්මුඛ සාකච්ඡා යන ශිල්ප ක්‍රමයන් මඟින් ප්‍රාථමික දත්ත රැස් කිරීම සිදුකර ඇත. නිස්සම්භාවී ක්‍රමයේ සාරත නියැදිය යටතේ කුරුණෑගල ප්‍රාදේශීය ලේකම් කොට්ඨාසයේ මව හෝ පියා විදේශගත වූ පවුල් 50 ක නියැදියක් තෝරා ගන්නා ලදී. විස්තරාත්මක සංඛ්‍යායනය ද ඇතුළත්ව මධ්‍යස්ථය, සහසම්බන්ධතාවය හා කයිවර්ග පරීක්ෂාව වැනි ක්‍රම දත්ත විශ්ලේෂණය සඳහා යොදාගත් අතර ඒ සඳහා SPSS හා Excel මෘදුකාංග භාවිත විය. මේ අනුව මව හෝ පියාගේ විදේශගතවීම ළමා අපයෝජනය කෙරෙහි ඍජු හේතු සාධකයක් වී ඇති බව නිගමනය කරගත හැකි විය. එමෙන්ම පවුලේ සමාජිකයන් හා ඥාතීන්ගෙන් ළමා අපයෝජන සිඳු වීමේ ඉහළ ප්‍රවණතාවයක් පැවතීම හා සිදුවන ළමා අපයෝජනවලින් බහුතරයක් නීතිය ඉදිරියේ වාර්තා නොවීම ආදිය ද අනාවරණය කරගත හැකි විය. මෙම ගැටලුවට පිළියම් ලෙස ළමයින්ගේ අපයෝජන සම්බන්ධයෙන් ක්‍රියාත්මකවන නෛතික රාමුව යාවත්කාලීන කරමින් විධිමත් ලෙස පවත්වාගෙන යා යුතුය. ළමා අපයෝජනයන් සම්බන්ධව ක්‍රියාකළ යුතු ආකාරය පිළිබඳ අදාළ පාර්ශවයන් දැනුවත් කිරීම හා මේ සඳහා ජාතික ප්‍රතිපත්ති ක්‍රියාවට නංවමින් ක්‍රියාකල යුතුය. එනම් දෙමාපියන්ගේ විදේශගතවීම හා ළමා අපයෝජනය යන විචල්‍යයන් හි ප්‍රතිජානාත්මක සම්බන්ධතාවයක් පවතින බව පැහැදිලිය.Item Self-Sustain Solid Waste Management With “Bothal Paththare” Method A Comparative Study Between Traditional And Modern Resource Recovery Methods In Rathnapura(5th National Conference on Applied Social Statistics (NRCASS) - 2019, Department of Social Statistics, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka, 2019) Gunarathna, D. D. W. N.Solid waste is one of major problems in present world. The solid waste can be basically categorized in to two components, they are Bio degradable and non-bio degradable materials. Estimating the negative effects from the two components, the Bio degradable materials is not a huge problem but Generate and product non-bio degradable solid waste is the category which create massive problem to the environment. Most of individuals and organizations have the habit of composition bio degradable materials. For the non-bio degradable materials recover, reuse and recycling are the most fitted solutions. In present context there are lots of companies using the method of recycling for the purpose of private profits and in those companies the most important step is collect and recover the materials. In various country there are different techniques used for collect and recover the materials. Most of the methods introduced by local authorities by using the powers of the authorities and imposing regulations. In Sri Lankan the system is bit different, the birth of the system happened in the same market mechanism. The price ranges will depend according to the demand and supply of the make. This method is called “Bothal Paththare”. Most of the towns in the Sri Lanka have the system “Bothal Paththare’. This method is self-sustain and new trends have been spread by local authorities with the private partnership in collect and recovery recyclable materials and solid waste management projects. But that is not self-sustain. This study emphasis on the importance of the self-sustain system of “Bothal Paththare” for recover and collect for recyclable.Item A Study of Social and Health Conditions related to Female-Headed Households in Rural Areas in Sri Lanka(5th National Conference on Applied Social Statistics (NRCASS) - 2019, Department of Social Statistics, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka, 2019) Panampitiya, W. M. G. N.In every human society, the household is one of the most significant social institution. Female-Headed Households (FHHs) is a new structural form of household and this new structural form of household has become a significant phenomenon in both global and national level. Although FHHs have occupied a prominent place in development discourse globally, very limited researches had been conducted regarding social and health conditions related to FHHs in Sri Lanka. The main objective of this study was to identify the background and issues related to social and health conditions, root causes, and interrelationships among those issues of FHHs in rural areas. The empirical research was conducted in five Grama Niladari Divisions of Galgamuwa divisional secretariat division which conveyed a marked increase of FHHs in Sri Lanka. Data were collected from hundred FHHs through purposive sampling method. Questionnaires and semi-structured interviews were used as primary data collection techniques. The study revealed that the inadequate education and vocational qualifications, low level of tendency to enter to formal employment sector, unsustainability of livelihood activities, low conditions of houses and related facilities, some legal issues related to residence, inadequate social supportive mechanisms in the community, lack of leadership and empowerment were prominent among social conditions and related issues. Unavailability of toilet facilities (19%), unavailability of drinking water in the own household (45%), prevalence of long-term affected health issue (49%) were the key issues of health and sanitary facilities related to FHHs in the sample. Based on these findings it has provided suggestions to improve social well-being and to improve health sanitary and infrastructure facilities, to reduce prevalence of non-communicable and communicable diseases as well as health risk and to improve quality of life and mental well-being among FHHs.Item University Students and Social Phobias(Department of Social Statisctics, University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka, 2019) Jayasuriya, V.H.There has been a recent increase in interest regarding social phobia because of higher than expected incidences of social phobia, and because social phobia leads to disrupted relationships, severe anxiety, depression, substance abuse and loss of natural faculties at an important level in patients. Until recently, the concept of self-esteem in psychiatry literature in broadest terms, has been a judgment that show “how a person values him”. The present study aimed to determine the impact of social phobia of self-esteem and self-image of university life, study participant were 100 students choose by randomly in University of Kelaniya. Subject were administered the Rosenberg self-esteem scale &Social phobia scale (SPS). Moreover, objective is, to demonstrate the prevalence of social phobia & its relation to body image and self- esteem. Basically research question is the present study aimed to determine the impact of social phobias and how it effect of self-esteem and self-image of university students. The result show that persons with social phobia have lower self-esteem and more distorted body image than do those without social phobia. Finally, the outcome of this research study proved that there are significant effects of Exams, language, poor social support and family provocation to the selfesteem/image of university student. After achieving those objectives, the researcher could provide suitable suggestions to improve the self-esteem/image of University student of Kelaniya.Item Spread of cancer among children below 14 years(5th National Conference on Applied Social Statistics (NRCASS) - 2019, Department of Social Statistics, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka, 2019) Jayathilake, W. M. L. D.; Kulathunga, K. M. N. P.; Liyanage, K. D.; Jananjana, W. W. L. C.; Madhushani, L. P. I. S.A cancer which occurs due to unconnected replication of abnormal sales inside body.it can affect any kind of sales category in our body. Where sales functions, structure, totally get abnormal from its normal cell action. From all non - communicable diseases take place and currently children are too suspect to it. Research problem is "why cancer is spreading among children below 14. According to the study the main objective is finding what are the most common cancer type develop within these children among finding whether the gender is affecting or not to spread cancer. We used the simple random sample method here and the maharagama apeksha hospital was use as target population. The sample was 30 and the chisquare test was use to analyse the data. Descriptive statistics, time series analysis and GIS was used. Time series analysis was used to determine the prognosis of cancer. Finding of this research are food, generation, environmental factors cause for cancer leukemia, lymphoma, brain tammors are the major cancers among children and leukemia is the leader in cancer and gender is not etiological factor for cancer in childrenItem A survey on “Satisfaction of International Tourists towards Railway Tourism in Sri Lanka” (With reference to Colombo- Badulla railway.)(5th National Conference on Applied Social Statistics (NRCASS) - 2019, Department of Social Statistics, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka, 2019) Abeysingha, D.S.; Ariyarathna, S.W.; Bandara, B.G.T.D.; Bandara, M.K.I.A.; Basnayaka, G.G.I.D.; Bopitiya, D.H.Tourism is obviously a large income earner in Sri Lanka. Railway tourism is one of the main categories of tourism where people can use train as a transportation method. In Sri Lanka main railway line (Colombo fort – Badulla) is possibly the largest tourists travelling railway line due to its scenic surrounding. Therefore the research is based on the satisfaction of international tourists towards railway tourism in Sri Lanka. The research problem is “Are the international tourists satisfied with railway tourism in Sri Lanka?” The main objective of the research is to find the overall satisfaction of international tourists towards railway tourism in Sri Lanka. The other objectives of the research are to find the impact of “Age, Gender and Region” on the overall satisfaction of international tourists towards railway tourism in Sri Lanka and to find the concurrence between factors of satisfaction towards the preference of railway tourism to other modes of tourism transport. The target population of the research is all the international tourists who travel by train in Sri Lanka and the sample is 120 out of all the international tourists travel by main line. Convenience sampling method used to select the sample. Primary data was collected using questionnaires from international tourists. Data is analyzed using SPSS and MS Excel software through Chi- Square tests, Kendall test and Descriptive statistics methods. Research reveals that European tourists use train to travel in Sri Lanka mostly, the tourists of age category 20 to 35 years are willing railway tourism the most, natural beauty is one of the main reasons that international tourists choose main railway line to travel by train, sanitary facilities, water arrangements and entertaining facilities must be developed and international tourists use the night mail train the least as a transportation method on their journeys. The Chi-square test proves that, there is a considerable impact of “Age, Gender and Region” on the overall satisfaction of international tourists towards railway tourism in Sri Lanka and, Kendall test proves that, there is a concurrence between factors of satisfaction towards the preference of railway tourism to other modes of tourism transport. Therefore it can be concluded that, the overall satisfaction of tourists is “Moderate”.Item Fashion Trendings (Attitudes) Among Undergraduates (Reference to University of Kelaniya)(5th National Conference on Applied Social Statistics (NRCASS) - 2019, Department of Social Statistics, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka, 2019) Gunarathna, D. D. W. N.; Herath, H.P.C.N.; Hettiarachchi, H.A.N.D.; Hansini, S.G.L.O.; Gunarathna, D.D.Y.N.Fashion is a communicational product. In easphepips, fashion has been defined as it is a collection of uppredicapevly (beautiful) ideas and according to history, fashion is a center of alter social trending, through the history. In the literature review, it was highlighted that many of the surveys have been based on women. There is a limited number of surveys which considered university students as the research field. Therefore, research problem is what is the opinion of the undergraduates in university of Kelaniya, towards the fashion trending. Is there any influence on the fashion selections, by the educational background of the undergraduates and does it vary between the various economic levels and fashion trending? Key objective is to finding out the social, economic and educational impact on the fashion trending of undergraduates. 80 undergraduates selected form the faculty of Social Sciences, Humanities, Commerce and Management and Science using stratified sampling method used. Collecting data for Primary data is selected to using a questionnaire and secondary data obtained from the ICCMS and Academic Division. In order to present and analyze data the specified statistics soft wares such as SPSS, Excel and Minitab used. Several data analysis methods were used to present data analysis. Therefore, mean comparison test, multiple response cross tabulation table, correlation, regression analysis and chi square testing. It was possible to get a lot of findings on the data analysis. Many of undergraduates select clothes, Shoes and cosmetics as their fashion types. Few of undergraduates select bags and salon as their fashion types. There is a weak positive correlation between the monthly income and the expenditure on fashion. There is no relationship between time for fashion and time for education of undergraduates. Friends and the culture are the most external factors on focusing for fashion. 65% of undergraduates use technology for their fashion. There is no significant relationship between faculty & taste of fashions of undergraduates. We suggest organizing programs to improve the awareness of undergraduates on how important fashions in accordance with personality development and the undergraduates should be led to participate in the programs held by cultural centers in the universityItem A study on the Impact of Micro credit on Rural Poverty in Sri Lanka (Special Reference to Galle District).(5th National Conference on Applied Social Statistics (NRCASS) - 2019, Department of Social Statistics, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka, 2019) Liyanage, K. D.One of the most compelling challenges facing Sri Lanka is the problem of poverty. In the fight against poverty, micro credit has become and increasingly popular tool among other poverty alleviating program. Therefore, this study examined the Why do people borrow from micro finance institutions? In Sri Lanka. The sample study was conducted in accordance with the borrowers from Micro Finance Institutions in Nagoda Divisional Secretariat of Galle District. The specific objective was to access the what are the factors that make people borrow more from Micro Finance Institutions. The primary objective was to assess the impact of micro credit in rural poverty in Sri Lanka. Further, the economic and social impact of micro credit on rural poverty in Sri Lanka were assessed while, identifying the constraints that borrowers from Micro Finance Institutions in Nagoda Divisional Secretariat meet in accessing to micro credit facilities in Sri Lanka. The study was designed on income of the household, Assets, Housing condition, Human capital, Social capital and Empowerment. Structured questionnaires were used to collect information from the households. In addition, key informant discussions were held with Micro Finance Institutions Managers. The collected data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. In order to examine the relationship between poverty and related variables Linear Probability Model was tested. In the findings; the borrowers had utilized the loans for housing repairing and consumption instead of income generating activities; As well, Loss of enterprises, not having a market for products and law entrepreneur skills were the constraints for improving the enterprises. The study concludes that the micro credit plays a role in alleviating rural poverty marginally. Therefore, the study recommends enhancing the effectiveness of Micro Finance Institutions program with an in-depth considerationItem Impact of the Ragging Session on the Academic Performance of Undegraduates: With Reference to the University of Kelaniya(5th National Conference on Applied Social Statistics (NRCASS) - 2019, Department of Social Statistics, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka, 2019) Shashikala, S.D.A.; Gayeshani, E.A.K.; Navodya, L.M.G.; Rathnamalala, R.B.I.V.; Dilini, A.M.Ragging has become a major concern of society today. Ragging is a disturbing reality in the higher education system of our country. Despite the fact that over the years ragging has claimed hundreds of innocent lives and has ruined careers of thousands of bright students because in this research. Our objectives are find the actual prevalence of ragging in Sri Lankan Universities, to find the relationship between participation in ragging religion and gender and to find the effect of ragging on academic performance. For accomplishing the objectives the sample of 100 students who can read and write Sinhala and English languages. Students were included 1st year and 2nd year in faculty of social science, faculty of humanities, faculty of management and faculty of science in university of Kelaniya. Twelve male students and thirteen female students were included each faculty and each year. We hope to collect data by giving them a questionnaire and by a face to face discussion. We hope to take more female students than male students and more buddhist students than other religions. Because they are the most in University of Kelaniya. The results of this research based on quota sample method and we don’t use faculty of medical and faculty of computer and technology We use descriptive methods for analysis data those are Central Tendency, Correlation, Regression Analysis (Freehand Method), Scatter Plot Diagrams. Our expected outcome is Ragging is impact for Academic performance of undergraduates. Specially there will be more boys being ragging than girls in the university ragging process.by comparing faculties there is a high incidence of ragging in the faculty of management and faculty of ArtItem Administering Environment Management Process for a Sustainable Development in Sri Lanka: The Case of Open Waste Disposal at Guhagoda(5th National Conference on Applied Social Statistics (NRCASS) - 2019, Department of Social Statistics, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka, 2019) Somarathna, D. H. A. S.All modern states have implemented new policy programs and projects have been planned and implemented regarding solid waste management Sri Lanka which is expecting, sustainable environmental development too prepared and implemented various mechanisms for solid waste management against such a background, some of the solid waste management programmers implemented in Sri Lanka are facing a charge that such programmers have become a threat to human health which has in turn become a serious social problem. Main objectives of this study is to find out how far the impact of these programs have become a threat to human health and human security. Under the qualitative research plan Guhagoda area was selected as the study field. 05 officers from Harispattuwa Pradeshiya Sabha, 05 officers from the Central Environmental Authority, 05 persons belonging to the Waste Management Unit of Kandy Municipality and 25 persons were selected as the sample. In the collection of Primary Data, interviews and observation were used while for the collection of secondary from secondary sources were used. For the analysis of overall data system, the descriptive method was used. One of the main facts revealed from the research study was that informal method of solid waste disposal at Guhagoda has a definite impact on the human health and human security. Due to failure in recycling the solid waste various poisonous gas in emitted to the environment while poisonous chemicals have got mixed with underground water. Due to these things the people of the area are subject to respiratory diseases, heart problems and skin diseases. Accordingly, environmental development targets priority should be given for environmental protection and human protection and in planning implementation of solid waste management plans, it is necessary consider environmental factors community oriented ideas and new technology and the specialized knowledge of environmentalist