ARS - 2010
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Item The quality of Television children’s cartoon Programs in Sri Lanka; With reference to Gampaha divisional secretariat(Research Symposium 2010 - Faculty of Graduate Studies, University of Kelaniya, 2010) Liyanachchi, P.R.S.Today civil society affected by mass media. It has a big power to change the audience behaviour.It is audio visual media and it has a more popularity than some other media. Television has not only financial satisfaction and but also educational and entertainment objectives. Television created a lot of programs to focus various levels of the audience, such as young generation, elder people and children also. Now television mostly aims children for their programs.It has been a big completion among the TV channels. Children’s cartoon programs have more popularity than other children’s programs. In general a cartoon is a piece of art, usually developed for humorous intent. A cartoon series is a set of regularly presented animated episodes with a common series title, usually related to one another. The United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child defines a child as "a human being below the age of 18 years unless under the law applicable to the child, majority is attained earlier. Children have not developed a full enough spectrum of emotions, thoughts and experiences to be treated as relevant members of society. Human Child Mentality has grave repercussions in a young person's life, the primary one being inability to express. Objective of this research is to identity the quality of Television children’s cartoon Programs in Sri Lanka.Methodology of this research is comprised two vital research methods. They are comparative method and survey method. Interviews and observation are used as tools of data collection. I selected children’s cartoon programs on National Rupavahini and Sirasa TV and selected two pre- schools and two national schools in the Gampaha district. This is an in depth study on a socio-psychological analysis on quality of Television children’s cartoon Programs in Sri Lanka. There are different views about cartoons. Some cartoon programs are not in good standard we can’t compare local creations and imported cartoons in same level because there are differences in creativity. That high level of violence in cartoons can make children more aggressive. We found that young children tend to mimic the negative behavior they see on television. Preschoolers are being exposed to a large number of violent acts in cartoons.Item Similarities and differences of ant communities in three types of habitats in the intermediate zone of Sri Lanka(Research Symposium 2010 - Faculty of Graduate Studies, University of Kelaniya, 2010) Peiris, H .A .W .S.; Dias, R.K.S.Ants are a common biotic component in different types of terrestrial ecosystems. Similarities and differences of ant fauna that inhabited selected forests and cultivated and uncultivated lands in Anuradhapura district were investigated in 2008 and this investigation was extended to intermediate zone, Kurunegala lands, in 2009. Worker ants were collected during 30th September to 1st of October from Badagamuwa forest (F), a banana cultivation (B) and an uncultivated land (U) in Mawathagama. Soil (40) and litter (40) sifting, honey baiting (40) for an hour and manual collection (40) were carried out at 2.5 m distance along five, 100 m transects laid at each land. Twenty, honey-baited pitfall traps were placed throughout each sampling area and the traps were collected after five hours. All samples were preserved in 70% ethanol. Worker ants were sorted and identified to the furthest possible taxon in the laboratory. Air (F: 26.2 ± 0.9 0C ; B: 26.7 ± 0.75 0C ; U: 29.8 ± 1.7 0C) and soil temperatures (F: 25.7 ± 0.27 0C ; B: 27.1 ± 0.22 0C ; U: 32.1 ± 1.8 0C), soil moisture% (F: 15.2 ± 3.2 ; B: 17 ± 2.3 ; U: 16.9 ± 2) and soil pH (F: 5.08 ± 0.5 ; B: 5.4 ± 0.18 ; U: 4.62 ± 0.21) of each transect were also recorded. Worker ants belonging to five subfamilies, twenty one genera and thirty six species and morphospecies were recorded. Dolichoderinae, Formicinae and Myrmicinae were common at the three lands but ponerines were restricted to the forest. Two pseudomyrmecines were common at the forest and the uncultivated land. Anoplolepis gracilipes Jerdon (F-32.6%, B-76%, U-14.3%) and Paratrechina yerburyi Bolton (F-2%, B-5.3%, U-7.6%) were common to the three lands (Proportional similarity = 16.4%). Pheidologeton diversus Jerdon (37.6%), Pachycondyla luteipes Brown (6.9%), Solenopsis geminata Fabricius (3.9%), Technomyrmex albipes Smith (2%), Odontomachus simillimus Smith (0.8%), Leptogenys ocellifera Roger (0.7%), Tetramorium tortuosum Roger (0.7%), Tetraponera allaborans Walker (0.6%) , Hypoponera sp. 1 (0.2%) and Leptogenys sp. 1 (0.2%) were restricted to the forest (H/=1.7) and A. gracilipes, Pheidole sp. 3, P. diversus and P. luteipes were dominant in this community (Chi-square ; p<0.05). Lophomyrmex quadrispinosus Jerdon (4.6%), Tetramorium walshi Forel (1.3%), Crematogaster biroi Mayr (0.6%), Crematogaster sp. 3 (0.4%), Recurvidris sp. 1 (0.4%) and Monomorium floricola Jerdon (0.2%) were observed only in the banana cultivation (H/=0.98) while A. gracilipes, P. yerburyi and Meranoplus bicolor Guerin-Meneviile were the dominant species (Chi-square; p<0.05). Tapinoma melanocephalum Fabricius (8.8%), Lepisiota sp. 1 (3%), Paratrechina longicornis Latrielle (3%), Oecophylla smaragdina Fabricius (0.9%), Tetramorium smithi Mayr (0.6%), Camponotus sericeus Fabricius (0.3%), Monomorium sp. 3 (0.3%), and Tetraponera rufonigra Smith (0.3%) were observed only in the uncultivated land (H/=2) and T. melanocephalum, A. gracilipes, P. yerburyi, Crematogaster rothneyi Mayr and Pheidole sp. 4 contributed higher proportions (Chi – square p<0.05).Item ස්ත්රී පුරුෂ භාවය අනුව විශ්වවිද්යාල ප්රවේශයේ වර්තමාන ස්වරුපය(Research Symposium 2010 - Faculty of Graduate Studies, University of Kelaniya, 2010) Chathuranga, C.D.Item Rice bran Lipase; its stability and fatty soil cleaning efficiency under various storage conditions(The Journal of the Vidyodaya Institute of Pali and Buddhist University of Sri Lanka, 2010) Weerasooriya, M.K.B.; Kumarasinghe, A. A. N.Clearing of lipid stain on textile fabrics is a major problem in detergent industry. Current cleaning method which involve the saponification at high temperature cost energy and wear and tear of textile fibers. In this regard, enzyme lipases which act as lipid stain digesters appear to be more effective , more economical and safer to use in detergent industry. Rice bran Lipas , one such enzyme was extracted, fractionated with (NH4)2SO4 and 75-100% (NH4)2SO4 fraction which had the highest lipase activity was obtained with 67% recovery. Stability and fatty soil cleaning efficiency of this enzyme fraction was tested for the period of 24 weeks under freeze dried/ un freeze dried conditions storing at 4°C /room temperature. Study showed that freeze dried and un freeze dried enzyme fractions stored at room temperature remained active and showed 100% fatty soil cleaning efficiency up to 16 weeks. Above this time limit enzyme remain less active and displayed poor cleaning efficiency. However, freeze dried and un freeze dried enzyme fractions stored at 4°C were more stable than the fractions stored at room temperature. and maintain 100% cleaning efficiency even at the 24th week These findings suggest stability and fatty soil cleaning efficiency of freeze-dried enzyme behave almost same as the unfreeze dried one implying freeze-drying doesn’t make any positive or negative contribution to the stability or to the cleaning efficiency of the enzyme. Storing the sample at 4°C is recommended to maintain the longer life span of the lipase activity and the fatty soil cleaning efficiency.Item Predisposing factors associated with Mycoplasma pneumoniae respiratory tract infections(Research Symposium 2010 - Faculty of Graduate Studies, University of Kelaniya, 2010) Wijesooriya, W.R.P.L.I.; Kok, T.W.; Perera, J.; Thilakarathna, Y.Introduction Lower respiratory tract infections account for ~10% of worldwide burden of morbidity and mortality. Pneumonia is the 9th leading cause of hospital mortality in Sri Lanka and atypical pathogens account for 1/5th of the cases. M. pneumoniae is the predominant (50%) atypical pathogen. Knowing predisposing factors strengthen the modes of prevention. Objective Determination of predisposing-factors associated with M. pneumoniae respiratory infections in Sri Lanka. Methodology A prospective clinical study was done involving 416 adult-patients in Colombo-North Teaching-Hospital, Ragama and chest-hospital, Welisara (Pneumonia-97, acute-bronchitis-182, pharyngitis-137). M. pneumoniae specific IgG and IgM were tested in paired-sera using commercial-ELISA. Patient-interviewed-questionnaire was used to obtain data on predisposing factors and evaluated in serologically-positive and serologically-negative groups. The level of significance was considered as p < 0.05. Results There was no significant difference observed in relation to age (p-value-0.28, 0.76 and 0.2in pneumonia, bronchitis, pharyngitis respectively), gender, number of individuals/room (sleeping area) (p=0.82), having respiratory tract infections in close contacts (p=0.15), malignancies or past history of asthma (p>0.05 in both groups) with M. pneumoniae infection. However, there was significant association between M. pneumoniae pneumonia and diabetes mellitus (p<0.05). Discussion There was no specific age group detected to have M. pneumoniae infections which predominantly occur in childhood or significant gender predominance seen as with previous studies. The present study was not carried out in a setting with closed population to have significant infection amongst closed contacts. The significant association between M.pneumoniae infection and having diabetes mellitus would need further studies. Conclusion There were no identifiable strong factors predisposing to M. pneumoniae infection except diabetes mellitus.Item තුන්වන භුවනෙකබාහු රජවීම, වන්නි පාලකයන්ගේ නැගී සිටිමක්ද? ප්රථමික මුලශ්රයාසුරෙන් කෙරෙන විමර්ශනයක්(Research Symposium 2010 - Faculty of Graduate Studies, University of Kelaniya, 2010) Sudharmawathi, J.M.Item රාජ්ය දෙපාර්තමේන්තු හි සේවා ප්රවර්ධනය කිරීම සඳහා විද්යුත් / මුද්රිත මාධ්ය භාවිත කල යුතුද?(Research Symposium 2010 - Faculty of Graduate Studies, University of Kelaniya, 2010) Dissanayake, G.R.Item පාරිසරික ගැටළු අවම කරමින් පරිසර සංරක්ෂණයට බෞද්ධ දාර්ශනික ඉගැන්ව්ම් වල වැදගත්කම(Research Symposium 2010 - Faculty of Graduate Studies, University of Kelaniya, 2010) Liyanachchi, P.R.S.Item ශ්රී ලංකාවේ රොඩී ජනතාව සතු දේශීය ඥාන පද්ධතිය පිලිබඳ අධ්යයනයක්(Research Symposium 2010 - Faculty of Graduate Studies, University of Kelaniya, 2010) Ankumbura, H.V.M.KItem Enhancing the community based tourism of Vedda community in Dambana(Research Symposium 2010 - Faculty of Graduate Studies, University of Kelaniya, 2010) Indika, M.K.A.Utilizing tourism as a social development strategy can be identified as a developing trend among the indigenous societies of the modern world. Although, it is not officially stated, the tourism centered on the Wannilaaththo heritage center in Dambana belong to the category of community tourism in accordance to its main characteristics. The main objectives of this study are analyzing positive and negative impacts of the tourism, identifying problems and lapses associated with it and recognizing potentials for tourism development. In this context, the attention is focused on proposing tourism development strategies for Dambana Vedda community, which can be used for the sustainable development while increasing the community participation, protecting the traditional cultural elements, their authenticity and natural environment. Generally, the tourists spend relatively short time within the community and lack of activities for them cause to the occurrence of low expenditure at the destination. Tourism has affected to protect certain cultural elements representing their identity. Tourism has made some Vedda people to be more materialized and modernized. In the development of tourism, it is essential to combining the concepts of community tourism with social, cultural and economic sphere of Vedda community in Dambana. Development of number of new destinations, introducing new activities and package tours, improvement of tourist facilities, advertising for niche markets and increasing community participation are main issues of the tourism development. It is proposed to build a small eco-lodge, which will be managed by the community and establishment of a traditional craft and product center and tourist information center. Introducing home stay concept, volun-tourism, community based ecotourism, agro tourism and creative tourism would yield successful results.Item Necessity and importance of developing forensic accounting services in Sri Lanka to mitigate corporate failures(Research Symposium 2010 - Faculty of Graduate Studies, University of Kelaniya, 2010) Thilakarathna, P.M.C.The accounting scandals involving Enron, WorldCom and Global Crossing in the world, and Pramuka Bank and Golden Key Credit card companies in Sri Lanka have put accountants in the public spotlight as never before in their history. After these accounting scandals, public confidence in the accounting profession has been undermined (Wallace, 1991; Chu, 1999). Sri Lanka is in the process of economic transformation, and with the gradual development of the economy and the continual enhancement of the comprehensive national strength, the accounting information is more and more important in the whole social and economic activity, and the amount of the civil action induced by the accounting information is increasing by the geometric series, which will all quicken the further integration of the legal domain and the accounting domain, and generate a new accounting domain, i.e. the forensic accounting. This study investigates the necessity and importance of developing forensic or investigative accounting services to mitigate corporate failures. The failure of statutory audit to prevent and reduce mis-appropriation of corporate fund and an increase in corporate crime has put pressure on the professional accountant and legal practitioner to find a better way of exposing frame in business world. The study makes use of available literature on forensic accounting and intends to find out how the knowledge of forensic accounting can reduce corporate fraud and mismanagement which eventually resulted in collapsing commercial ventures in Sri Lanka. Study finds that the generation of forensic accounting services is closely related with the economic and legal background and the social demand, and the development and change of the economy and the society will be the core force to push the advance of the forensic accounting. In this context, Sri Lanka should establish and develop the forensic and investigative accounting services as soon as possible to reduce unexpected corporate failures. Key words- Forensic and investigative accounting, frauds, corporate failuresItem පැරණි ශ්රී ලංකාව හා චීනය අතර පැවති වාණිජ සම්බන්ධතා පිලිබඳ විමර්ශනයක් (අනුරාධපුර යුගය)(Research Symposium 2010 - Faculty of Graduate Studies, University of Kelaniya, 2010) Herath, S.B.Item Corporate Reporting Practices in Sri Lanka with special reference to the Manufacturing Companies Listed in Colombo Stock Exchange(Research Symposium 2010 - Faculty of Graduate Studies, University of Kelaniya, 2010) Pushpakumara, W.P.N.; Rajapakse, R.M.D.A.P.In recent years all over the world there has been increasing demand for transparency of operations with respect to environmental and social performance of the corporate in addition to its financial performance. The environmental and social reporting is a tool for extending a broad dialogue with stakeholders, those who are interested in the organization. Environmental and social reporting is a gesture to reveals Company’s commitment towards sustainability, it underlines their responsiveness to those who always want to know the company betterment. Thus corporate reporting on social is grown significantly throughout the world. This study has been carried out to analyze the extent of corporate reporting by the listed companies in manufacturing sector of the Colombo Stock Exchange and the how it influenced by the company attributes. The researches have identified five main categories of disclosures such as Information on Accounting and Finance, Information on Personal, Information on Marketing, Information on Production and General Information. The research population is manufacturing sector in Sri Lanka, and the research is based on 3listed companies has been selected on the sample from manufacturing industry listed in Colombo Stock Exchange. The research is based on the secondary data of the companies for the period covering 2008 to 2010. The empirical results of the study indicate that a large number of reporting items have lesser disclosure score in the selected sample during the period. Information on Accounting and Finance has gained maximum disclosure score percentage during the period while general information has the lowest score of disclosure. Further it has found that a positive significant relationship between the sizes and the disclosure and also turnover and disclosure of the company. Finally it concludes that the disclosure practices of Sri Lankan manufacturing companies still not in a satisfactory level, therefore corporate sector of the Sri Lanka must be pays special attention on this regard.Item Reasons of decreasing sport participation of undergraduates(Research Symposium 2010 - Faculty of Graduate Studies, University of Kelaniya, 2010) Madhushani, A. A. L.; Ramanayaka, NilanthaMost of universities expend large sums of money for providing facilities to their students. But student participation for sport events is very low. The main objective of this study was to identify the reasons for decrease sport participation. Data were collected via a questionnaire that was given to undergraduates taken from simple random sample (SRS). Descriptive statistics methods were used to analyze the data. This study was limited to the students of the faculties of the University of Kelaniya except the faculty of Medicine. The result showed that sport participation of undergraduates were orderly reducing within last few years and the students who are engaging in sport due to perception of sport, past experience, sport facilities, partner influences, distance from the residence.Item Dynamic Time Warping Based Speech Recognition for Isolated Sinhala Words(Research Symposium 2010 - Faculty of Graduate Studies, University of Kelaniya, 2010) Priyadarshani, P. G. N.; Dias, N.G.J.Communication between computer and the human is basically done through keyboard and screen-oriented systems. In the current Sri Lankan context, this restricts the usage of computers to a small fraction of the population, who are both computer literate and conversant with English. Accordingly, the major barrier between the computer and people in Sri Lanka is the language since English is not the mother tongue of most of the people and there is a large proportion of under educated people in rural areas of Sri Lanka. In order to enable a wider proportion of population to benefit from Information Technology, there is a dire need for an interface other than keyboard and screen interface that is widely used at present. The best solution is an efficient speech recognizer so that a natural human-machine interface could be developed to replace the traditional interfaces, such as keyboard and mouse of the computer. Further speech technologies guarantee to be the next generation user interface. For many languages speech recognition applications as well as text to speech synthesis applications have been developed and they have achieved a considerably high precision and applied them in real world applications successfully in developed countries. Even though currently there is no proper speech recognition approach for Sinhala language and the researches in this field in Sri Lanka is still in an infant stage. Here we investigated the fitness of the dynamic programming technique called Dynamic Time Warping (DTW) algorithm in conjunction with the Mel Frequency Cepstral Coefficients (MFCC) to identify separately pronounced Sinhala words. One of the major difficulties in speech recognition is that although different recordings of the same words includes more or less the same sounds in the same order, the durations of each sub word within the word do not match. Consequently, when recognizing words by matching them with reference templates it gives inaccurate results if there is no temporal alignment. DTW solves this problem by accommodating differences in timing between test words and reference templates. Converting the sound waves into a parametric representation is a major part of any speech recognition approach and here we have used MFCCs along with their first and second derivatives in time as the feature vector because they have been shown good performance in both speech recognition a well as in speaker recognition than other conventional speech features, In addition the derivatives reflect better dynamic changes of human voice over time. For extracting the features we divide speech signal into equally spaced frames and compute one set of features per frame as the speech signals are not stationary. We developed the referencetemplates for each word from one example of that particular word per speaker and matched the test speech against to those reference patterns using DTW approach rather than other methods such as Vector Quantization and Euclidean distance because DTW can successfully deal with test signal and reference templates of the same word having different durations. The local distance measure is the distance between features at a pair of frames while the global distance from beginning of utterance until last pair of frames reflects the similarity between two vectors. Based on that, we could recognize the words that we input from our selected vocabulary. In most of the systems developed based on DTW for other languages have been used very limited vocabulary for instance ten words but in this work we have used a considerably large vocabulary of 600 words. We obtained the recordings and separated each utterance and made an audio file for each using the software Praat. We developed the program in MATLAB 7.0. For our experiment we used two informants whose native language is Sinhala since we followed speaker dependent approach and tested each speaker separately, it displayed 80.33% overall accuracy.Item Village tank renovation induced changes in aquatic plant varieties(Research Symposium 2010 - Faculty of Graduate Studies, University of Kelaniya, 2010) Dangalla, N.K.; Najim, M.M.M.; Nishantha, K.P.L.Village tank renovation programs that were implemented in Sri Lanka aimed at increasing in agricultural productivity and alleviating rural poverty. However, those did not consider the probable changes on the surrounding environments. In this study twelve village tanks from Galgamuwa D.S. Division were selected using stratified random sampling technique to assess the renovation induced variations on floral diversity in and around the renovated tanks. A questionnaire survey was conducted among 150 farmers who were randomly selected. Twelve PRA surveys were conducted to cover all the sample village tanks employing 400 randomly selected farmers. Results from questionnaire and PRA surveys were assessed to evaluate the presence and abundance of plant species before and after the tank renovation. This study revealed that the plant varieties Nelumbo nucifera (Lotus), Nemphaea pubescens (Lilly), Nymphoides indica (Blue water Lilly), Pistia stratiotes (Diya gowa), Eichhornia crassipes (Water hyacinth), and Colocasia sp. are available in all the study tanks. Plant species Pistia stratiotes, Colocasia esculenta and Eichhornia crassipes are alien invasive plants which have been a major threat for the existence of the marshland environment and related hydro systems. As per the Mann-Whitney Test at 95% significant level, significant changes in the plant varieties were observed after the tank renovation. Tank renovation has positively controlled the aquatic plants available within the tank. Dredging of the tanks during the renovation process has resulted in the reduction in plant densities. Dredging and deepening the tanks has influenced the distribution of Nelumbo nucifera (lotus) by reducing its distribution. Distribution of Nymphoides indica (Blue water Lilly), Aponogeton crispus, (Kekatiya) Eichhornia crassipes (Water hyacinth) and Musa sapientum (Diyameneri) have significantly decreased due to tank renovation. The aggregated rank mark has reduced to 430 from 517 after the tank renovation and it shows a clear reduction in the distribution of plant species grown in the tanks.Item The Equality of Schrödinger’s Theory and Heisenberg’s S-matrix Theory(Research Symposium 2010 - Faculty of Graduate Studies, University of Kelaniya, 2010) Silva, H. I. R. U.; Piyadasa, R.A.D.It is well known that the Schrödinger’s equation can be solved in few cases of physical importance [1] . Nevertheless, S-matrix theory can be used in general to describe physically important variables such as differential cross section, total cross section, etc….[2]. Since there’s no any justification of theoretical work to the best of our knowledge to verify that the Schrödinger’s theory and Heisenberg’s S-matrix theory are equivalent in case of important interacting potentials for which the Schrödinger’s equation can be solved analytically, we have used Heisenberg’s S-matrix theory and Schrödinger’s wave mechanics to justify that the two theories give exactly the same eigenvalues in cases which we have examined. To obtain them, we were able to find the discrete energy eigenvalues in closed form in Heisenberg’s theory without graphical methods.Item Impact of Rewards on Firms Performance with Reference to SMEs in Western Province - A Mediation Model(Research Symposium 2010 - Faculty of Graduate Studies, University of Kelaniya, 2010) Weerakkody, W.A.S.; Ediriweera, A.N.To be competitive and for survival of Small and Medium Businesses (SME) it is suggested to offer sufficient rewards in order to gain higher and broader skills and competencies of employees. So as to achieve this purpose, it is necessary to use a remarkable rewards management system as a function of Human Resource management. On the other hand one major objective of Human Resource Management is, enhancing employee satisfaction and organizational commitment. In Sri Lankan context, there is a need to investigate that how does rewards affect on firm performance through employee satisfaction and organizational commitment of SMEs. Therefore the objective of this study is to identify the impact of rewards on firm Performance through employee satisfaction and organizational commitment. The independent variable was rewards and dependent variable was firm Performance. Intervening variables were employee satisfaction and organizational commitment. The validity and the reliability of the instruments were tested against the survey data. The type of this study is hypothesis testing and it was conducted in the natural setting with less interference of the researchers (non-contrived). The study is a cross-sectional in time and the primary data were collected by using convenient sampling method and sample size was 20managers working in SMEs located at Western Province. The unit of analysis was at organizational level. A questionnaire developed by the researchers was used to collect the data for the study. To test the hypotheses, correlation analysis and regression analysis were performed.. It is concluded that positive and strong relationship exists between Rewards and employee satisfaction and organizational commitment, positive and little bit strong relationship exists between employee satisfaction and organizational commitment and firm performance, and positive and relatively strong relationship between Rewards and firm performance in small and medium enterprises in Western province in Sri Lanka.Item Adaptation of e-commerce by Sri Lankan companies(Research Symposium 2010 - Faculty of Graduate Studies, University of Kelaniya, 2010) Munasinghe, M.A.T.K.; Kumari, P.W.N.A.Electronic Commerce or E-commerce is the newest trading mechanism activated by means of the internet or other computer networks. This particular trade method is functioned in three forms namely Public relations, Brochuring and Retail. The Retail form represents fully adoption level of e-commerce. E-commerce offers excellent opportunities for growth in developing nations. Hence it is needed to have a better understanding of current adoption levels pertaining to it. To understand the potential for E-commerce and the current state of adoption in Sri Lanka it was supposed to conduct a survey on this particular field. All companies listed in CSE were selected for survey. The study is based on review of websites of each listed companies in Colombo Stock Exchange (CSE). CSE has 236 listed companies representing 2business sectors. CSE is one of the top performing markets in Asia with an average annual index growth rate of 27%. The research reveals that 41% of companies fall under the public relations, 27% of companies are brochuring and 17% of companies are retailing. Overall findings conclude that 85% of companies adopt E-commerce in Sri Lanka.Item Strategic planning for the University Libraries in Sri Lanka(Research Symposium 2010 - Faculty of Graduate Studies, University of Kelaniya, 2010) Weerasooriya, W.A.Strategic planning is an essential requirement for any organizational setting since it is closely linked to the organizational philosophy, policies, vision, mission, objectives, plans, programs, design and development. The principal purpose of the study was to investigate the barriers and difficulties faced by the University Libraries in Sri Lanka (ULSL) in strategic planning. The objectives of the study were to identify what is strategic planning, to study different strategic planning models developed for the libraries, to formulate a strategic planning model for the ULSL, to study the state of art of few selected areas in the strategic planning in ULSL and to identify the barriers and difficulties faced by the ULSL in the strategic planning process. The method used for this study was the descriptive research. Survey technique was used in order to collect data. The population of the study was the professional staff working in ULSL. Primary data was collected circulating two structured questionnaires among the Librarians and Senior Assistant Librarians (SALs) and Assistant Librarians (ALs) in ULSL. Librarians pointed out that strategic planning is very much important and 70% of them agreed with this view. It is also observed that majority of university libraries have drafted their vision and mission statements respectively but they have not indicated the library objectives. 70% of university libraries apply both short and long term planning, while 20% apply short-term planning, and 10% apply long-term planning. Librarians were asked to mention the barriers for strategic planning in ULSL. Six barriers were identified. The major barrier is the lack of funds which scored 50% i.e. the highest. Lack of support from UGC is the second major barrier (40%). Third major barrier is the lack of trained manpower (30%) It is evident that funding factor becomes a major barrier for strategic planning in university libraries, particularly in developing countries. Except for lack of funds and lack of infrastructure facilities, all other four barriers stated above are related to policy implications in university libraries. If sound policies are formulated and worked accordingly, the impact of those barriers could be minimized at a reasonable level. The higher education policy has a direct influence on university library policies. In the higher education policy, high level of place and priority should be given to university libraries. It is also envisaged that the library should be recognized as the key knowledge diffusion center in the university. Suggestion also is made for those university libraries to draft their objectives and missions accordingly. Further for evaluation purposes, objectives and mission of individual university libraries are a prerequisite. It is observed that the Standing Committee on Library and Information Services (SCOLIS) can perform a leading role to make endeavor a success.