Basic Principles

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    A Comparative study on terminology used in explanations of Pañcamahābhuta and Saptadhātu Siddhānta,
    (2nd International Conference on Sanskrit Studies (ICSS 2017), Department of Sanskrit and Eastern Studies, Faculty of Humanities, University of Kelaniya, 2017) Kaldera, H.P.I.J.; Samaratunga, U.; Jayawardane, K.B.
    Terminology used in Ayurveda medical science has its own peculiar interpretations. These temls cannot be sufficiently comprehended through general dictionary meanings. P!lhivi, ap, reja, •.üyu, äküia are commonly used terminology Of rasa, rakfa, medha. asrhi, maffåand are those of Sapradhä,'usiddhän/a. The objective of this study is to comparatively review this lerminology on the basis of their Ayurvedic interpretations and the usage in current research papers. Twenty research parxrs containg these terms were downloaded from the Google scholar for this study while Carakasamhitä, Susrurasab'hi.'ä, Asrä'jgahrdayasamhitü and their commentaries (Jiküs) were used as reference texts. The results revealed that terminology related to Paicomahäbhfitaprinciple such as Puhivi, up, teja, l@vu, åkåürhave been substituted with common English equivalents: Prihivi as earth, earth principle. etc; ap as water, water principles, etc; teja as fire, heat, energy, etc; väyu as air, air principle, äkä'a as space, ether, etc. Similarly, terminolog_v relating to Sap'adhün,' principle has been replaced with a considerable range of English translation: rasa as skin, chyle. lymph, etc; rakta as blood. må'hsa as muscles. protein, meda as fat. adipose tissues, etc; asrhi as bone, bone tissues. etc: majjé as marrow. nervous system, as semen. reproductive fluid, etc. Some researchers had used the English equivalent within brackets in its first occurrence in the research paper while some others had used the English word in the body of the research paper while the terminology was used within brackets. There were also some research papers where only terminology had been used. The research • further revealed that the common equivalents used as substitutes to terminology do not accurately convey the intended concepts.
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    Technical terms associated with the concept of bala: A Literature review
    (International Conference on Unani, Ayurveda, Siddha and Traditional Medicine (5th ICAUST). Institute of Indigenous Medicine, University of Colombo, 2017) Kaldera, H.P.I.J.; Samaratunga, U.; Jayawardane, K.B.
    Bala is a broad concept in Ayurveda which includes Thvidhabala namely Sahaja, Kala)a and each of which depends on many factors such as the nature of Sukra and mother's food habit during pregnancy, Desa and Käla of birth. variations of Tridosa, food habit and nature of the function of .4gni of the individual and age (Bä/a- Madhya-Vrddha). This study was carried out to analyze definitions for Bala and other related terms from Ayurvedic perspective on the basis of a literature review. Carakasamhitå. Sushrutasamhitä, Astäfigahrdayasarilhitä and their commentaries ( 77kä) were used as the sources in this study. The basic meaning of Bala is strength or power. Acårya Caraka has explained Bala as both repressive and preventive in its function against ailments Further, he has recommended the interpretation of Baia according to vvä_vümaiakti which is determined by weight lifting, etc. Carakasarilhitå recommends the examination of both Säririka and Mänasika Bola of the individual in terms of Sara, Sahrhanana, Sätmva. Satna, etc. In the diagnosis and treatment process. These Ayurveda Acaryas use the tenn •Bala' in its unique sense and therefore, its derivations should be defined precisely in order to interpret the associated concepts. These words referred to as 'Svasahj/iä' by both Carakäcaryu and Sushrutäcarya require subjective interpretations so as to comprehend the concept of Bala in its true sense. For instance. Balaparik'ä should be contextually interpreted in terms of Särfr•ikabala, Mänasikabala of the patient and Rogabala. The concept of Bala during the examination of patient (Rogiparikyä) has been viewed in slightly distinct ways by different Acaryas. Aearyl Sushruta has used the term 'Bala' to be interpreted in terms of individual's stature of the body (Kriaslhldädihheda), However, Acarya Caraka holds a different opinion stating that the individual's strength of body (Dehaba/a) cannot be determined on the basis of stature alone. He further states that the physician is likely to he misled if he treats a person with a fat body as having higher strength (Balava') and vice versa. A number of such terms including Balya, Balalut, Balakrt, DanrbaOu, Durba/a, Alpaba/a, Ba/abhrari"a, Balavrddhikara and Agniba/a were chosen for providing precise definitions in this Study. It can be concluded that Bala has a meaning spreading through a vast range which should be defined from the perspective of Ayurveda in its context.